Download or read book Investigation of Microgravity Grown Organic Crystals by Diffusion Techniques Over the Course of Thirty one Years written by Ashley Renee Wilkinson and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The effect of microgravity on crystallization experiments has been a topic of interest over the past fifty years. The first microgravity crystallization experiments have been dated back to the early 1970s, and since then hundreds of crystals have been grown in microgravity. Crystallization experiments have been conducted on multiple flights and a variety of spacecraft, using an assortment of techniques, and funded by several different countries. Scientists have been and continue to examine how macromolecular crystals grow in microgravity and how the structures determined from crystals grown in microgravity compare to the structures determined from Earth grown crystals. Parameters such as size, uniformity, mosaicity and resolution limit can give the scientists insight into whether or not there are marked improvements in crystals. The ability to grow high quality crystals can lead to many developments in the electronics, healthcare and pharmaceuticals, and metal industries along with a variety of areas of research. This study is an analysis of publicly available data on organic macromolecular crystals grown by diffusion techniques over a thirty-one year period of time (1988-2019). The hypothesis is that experimental techniques and experience in microgravity crystallization have provided improved crystal growth throughout the analysis time period"--Leaf 3.
Download or read book On the Diffusion Method of Crystal Growth written by Ödön Lendvay and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The simplest technical method for producing crystals of poorly soluble materials is diffusion growth. Through Diffusion growth nucleation processes may be limited or extended to chosen extent. The location and time of initiation for nucleation are directly calculable if the critical supersaturation or solubility product is known. The modification of nucleation time, duration, speed, time expansion, or contraction of extent may be achieved by simple methods. By the selection of experimental conditions different size distribution crystalline precipitates or macrocrystals may be produced. The latter may reach 1 cm size if system parameters are chosen correctly. The maximum dimensions of crystals produced are determined by the relationship of speed, nucleation, and growth. Largest dimensions through growth are usually exhibited by dendrites, twins, plain crystals, and needles. The so-called space crystals (where all three dimensions of the crystal are nearly equal) are generally smaller than the previous ones. The method has increased importance in cases where usual crystal growth methods may not be employed due ot the characteristics of the crystal to be produced.
Download or read book Springer Handbook of Crystal Growth written by Govindhan Dhanaraj and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-15 with total page 1818 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the years, many successful attempts have been chapters in this part describe the well-known processes made to describe the art and science of crystal growth, such as Czochralski, Kyropoulos, Bridgman, and o- and many review articles, monographs, symposium v- ing zone, and focus speci cally on recent advances in umes, and handbooks have been published to present improving these methodologies such as application of comprehensive reviews of the advances made in this magnetic elds, orientation of the growth axis, intro- eld. These publications are testament to the grow- duction of a pedestal, and shaped growth. They also ing interest in both bulk and thin- lm crystals because cover a wide range of materials from silicon and III–V of their electronic, optical, mechanical, microstructural, compounds to oxides and uorides. and other properties, and their diverse scienti c and The third part, Part C of the book, focuses on - technological applications. Indeed, most modern ad- lution growth. The various aspects of hydrothermal vances in semiconductor and optical devices would growth are discussed in two chapters, while three other not have been possible without the development of chapters present an overview of the nonlinear and laser many elemental, binary, ternary, and other compound crystals, KTP and KDP. The knowledge on the effect of crystals of varying properties and large sizes. The gravity on solution growth is presented through a c- literature devoted to basic understanding of growth parison of growth on Earth versus in a microgravity mechanisms, defect formation, and growth processes environment.
Download or read book Neutron Protein Crystallography written by Nobuo Niimura and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-02-17 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the first books dedicated to the emerging field of neutron protein crystallography (NPC). It covers all of the practical aspects of NPC and demonstrates how NPC can explore protein features such as hydrogen bonds, protonation and deprotonation of amino acid residues, and hydration structures.
Download or read book Crystal Growth Under Applied Fields written by Sadik Dost and published by . This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In crystal growth from the liquid phase, convective flows occurring in the melt or solution play a significant role in many aspects of the growth processes. This includes concentration distribution in the liquid phase, crystal composition, microstructures in the grown crystals, and the shape and evolution of the melting/growing interfaces. All these parameters affect the quality of grown crystals. To this end, convection in the liquid phase must be controlled. The main option to achieve this goal in crystal growth is the use of applied fields such as magnetic and electric fields, crucible rotation, and a microgravity environment. The use of microgravity fields was covered in one of the previous volumes of Research Signpost. The present volume mainly focuses on the melt and solution growth of semiconductors under the effects of applied electric and magnetic fields and crucible rotation. The book consists of two main groups of chapters. The first group is on the melt growth techniques of Czhochralski and Float-zone, and the second part focuses on the solution growth techniques of Liquid Phase Electroepitaxy, Liquid Phase Diffusion and the Travelling Heater Method. In each group, chapters are presented in the alphabetical order with respect to the first author. The contributed chapters cover recent developments in these techniques under applied fields such as applied magnetic and electric fields, crucible rotation and reduced gravity conditions. We hope that this review book will serve to researchers and graduate students in these fields as a valuable source in conducting their research. We would like to express our deepest appreciation to the contributors for their excellent contributions, and the time and effort put into these chapters. We would also like to thank the Transworld Research Network for providing this opportunity for us to disseminate our recent findings in this important field of research. Finally our thanks go to Sema Dost for her organizational help in the preparation of the volume.
Download or read book Advances in Crystal Growth Research written by Kiyotaka Satō and published by Elsevier Science Limited. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to provide a timely collection that highlights advances in current research of crystal growth ranging from fundamental aspects to current applications involving a wide range of materials. This book is published on the basis of lecture texts of the 11th International Summer School on Crystal Growth (ISSCG-11) to be held at Doshisha Retreat Center in Shiga Prefecture Japan, on July 24-29, 2001. This school is always associated with the International Conference of Crystal Growth (ICCG) series that have been held every three years since 1973; thus this school continues the tradition of the past 10 schools of crystal growth.
Download or read book Crystal Growth written by C. H. L. Goodman and published by . This book was released on 2014-09-01 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International Aerospace Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 974 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Studies on Crystal Growth Under Microgravity written by Yasuhiro Hayakawa and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Download or read book Field Guide to Crystal Growth written by A. K. Batra and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Crystal growth is the art and science of growing crystals to facilitate high-technology applications in lasers, semiconducting devices, computers, magnetic and optical devices, optical processors, and pharmaceuticals, among others. This Field Guide examines the basic phenomena and techniques of growing bulk single crystals from solution, melt, and vapors. Some techniques for growth in the microgravity environment of space are also addressed. Other topics include how to choose the right crystallization method (concentration gradient or thermal gradient) based on the physical and chemical properties of the system, and the best solvents, agents, and temperatures to produce high-quality crystals"--
Download or read book Crystal Growth written by C. H. L. Goodman and published by Springer. This book was released on 1974-01-11 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decade or so the growth of single crystals has assumed enormous importance for both academic research, and technology (particu larly in the field of 'electronics'). The range of fields involved is great: from electro-optics to metal corrosion, from semiconductors to magnetic bubble materials-one can add to the list almost indefinitely. However, while the general principles of crystal growth can be applied aImost right across the board, it turns out that the precise way in which one can grow a particular crystal best varies considerably from material to material. This, of course, is to emphasise the obvious; nonetheless, except in specialised papers in the scientific litera ture , little attempt seems to have been made to deal in any detail with the causes of the difficulties in growing particular kinds of materials and with methods of circumventing them. These specialised papers may be inaccessible, and in any case cannot be, usually, very broad in scope or detailed in treatment simply because of the pressure to keep papers short. And unfortunately few specialised monographs seem to have been produced. These points and others similar emerged repeatedly in discussions with crystal growers from aU parts of the World and indicated that there was a need for a publication which would deal in detail with problems and techniques for specialised areas of crystal growth.
Download or read book Physics Briefs written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 934 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Predicasts Technology Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1988-07 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Surface and Colloid Science written by P. Somasundaran and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 962 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Summaries of Reports of the Electrotechnical Laboratory written by Denki Shikenjo (Japan) and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Japanese Science and Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
