Download or read book Investigating Variation in English Vowel to Vowel Coarticulation in a Longitudinal Phonetic Corpus written by Alan Yu and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the nature of individual variation in speech, particularly the mechanism underlying such variability, is increasingly important, especially for research on sound change, since such investigations might help explain why sound change happens at all and, conversely, why sound change is so rarely actuated even though the phonetic pre-conditions are always present in speech. The present study contributes to the literature on inter- and intra-speaker variation in coarticulation, a major precursor to sound change, by focusing on the degree of coarticulation stressed vowels have on neighboring unstressed vowels using recordings from a longitudinal phonetic corpus of oral arguments before the Supreme Court of the United States. Significant inter-speaker variation in height coarticulation, both anticipatory and carryover, is observed, while no evidence for systematic inter-speaker variability in backness coarticulation is found. There is also no evidence for intra-speaker variation in coarticulation over the course of 205 days.
Download or read book Panel Studies of Variation and Change written by Suzanne Evans Wagner and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-08 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relationship between the individual and the community is at the core of sociolinguistic theorizing. To date, most longitudinal research has been conducted on the basis of trend studies, such as replications of cross-sectional studies, or comparisons between present-day cross-sectional data and ‘legacy’ data. While the past few years have seen an increasing interest in panel research, much of this work has been published in a variety of formats and languages and is thus not easily accessible. This edited volume brings together the major researchers in the field of panel research, highlighting connections and convergences across and between chapters, methods and findings with the aim of initiating a dialogue about best practices and ways forward in sociolinguistic panel studies. By providing, for the first time, a platform for key research on panel data in one coherent edition, this volume aims to shape the agenda in this increasingly vibrant field of research.
Download or read book The Influence of Consonants on Native and Non native Vowel Production written by Anja K. Steinlen and published by Gunter Narr Verlag. This book was released on 2005 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Vowel Inherent Spectral Change written by Geoffrey Stewart Morrison and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-14 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been traditional in phonetic research to characterize monophthongs using a set of static formant frequencies, i.e., formant frequencies taken from a single time-point in the vowel or averaged over the time-course of the vowel. However, over the last twenty years a growing body of research has demonstrated that, at least for a number of dialects of North American English, vowels which are traditionally described as monophthongs often have substantial spectral change. Vowel inherent spectral change has been observed in speakers’ productions, and has also been found to have a substantial effect on listeners’ perception. In terms of acoustics, the traditional categorical distinction between monophthongs and diphthongs can be replaced by a gradient description of dynamic spectral patterns. This book includes chapters addressing various aspects of vowel inherent spectral change (VISC), including theoretical and experimental studies of the perceptually relevant aspects of VISC, the relationship between articulation (vocal-tract trajectories) and VISC, historical changes related VISC, cross-dialect, cross-language, and cross-age-group comparisons of VISC, the effects of VISC on second-language speech learning, and the use of VISC in forensic voice comparison.
Download or read book Vowel Shifting in the English Language written by Kamil Kaźmierski and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2015-03-10 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: English has long been suspected to be a vowel-shifting language. This hypothesis, often only adumbrated in previous work, is closely investigated in this book. Framed within a novel framework combining evolutionary linguistics and Optimality Theory, the account proposed here argues that the replacement of duration by quality as the primary cue to signaling vowel oppositions has resulted in the ‘shiftiness’ of many post-medieval English varieties.
Download or read book Long Vowel Shifts in English c 1050 1700 written by Gjertrud Flermoen Stenbrenden and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-03-11 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thorough analysis of documented Middle English spelling establishes when and where long-vowel change took place.
Download or read book An acoustic study of vowel to vowel coarticulation in English written by Harriet Sue Magen and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Vowels in the Speech of College Freshmen written by A. Z. Thomas and published by . This book was released on 1926 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structured Phonetic Variation Across Dialects and Speakers of English and Japanese written by James Tanner and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Phonetic variation within languages -- across dialects and speakers -- has been of longstanding interest to researchers in phonetics and sociolinguistics, as understanding the structures and sources of within-language variability is essential for addressing a range of questions which are core to understanding language. Much research on language-internal variation has focused on studies of single communities restricted by practical constraints; cross-dialectal work has been largely constrained to research on vowel quality, leaving unanswered a range of empirical questions regarding language-internal variation. A recent turn in linguistic research, towards the use of large datasets of multiple speech communities made possible by changes in data access and advances in signal processing tools and statistical modelling, has provided the possibility to both address new questions and re-assess current theoretical perspectives.This dissertation applies this 'large-scale' approach to the study of structured phonetic variation across dialects and individual speakers of two languages: English and Japanese. Specifically, this research demonstrates how variation may be constrained across multiple dimensions, pointing to ways in which phonetic variation may be structured across dialects and speakers in systematic ways.Study 1 examines how speakers of Japanese vary in the realisation of the stop voicing contrast, particularly in the use of stop aspiration and closure voicing, using a large corpus of spontaneous speech. Through statistical modelling it was found that, in spite of variation in the overall use of cues across speakers, speakers showed strong relationships in the use of individual cues to mark the voicing contrasts. These relationships were weaker across cues compared with previous work on English and German, suggesting that the structure of this variation across speakers is language-specific, where the underlying specification of phonological contrasts constrains the dimensions of phonetic variability.The next two studies shift in language to English by utilising data and methods as part of the SPeech Across Dialects of English project. Study 2 investigates dialectal and speaker variation in the English voicing effect -- the difference in vowel duration before voiced and voiceless consonants -- examined by integrating data from 15 corpora (30 dialects). The results demonstrated that the size of the voicing effect was smaller in spontaneous speech compared with laboratory speech. It was also observed that English exhibits a wide range of sizes across dialects, whilst speakers vary little from their dialectal baselines. These findings suggest that the voicing effect is both more subtly-controlled and more variable than previously reported, whilst remaining remarkably stable within speech communities.Study 3 further applies the multi-corpus approach to examine dialectal variation in English vowels using data from 11 corpora (21 dialects). This study considered how multiple properties of vowels -- their position in formant space, the shape of the formant trajectory, and duration -- can characterise the principal dimensions of variability across dialects of English. Through the application of both classification and dimensionality reduction, it was found that all measures were highly informative in defining how vowels vary across English dialects. The relative role of each measure is highly vowel- and dialect-specific, indicating that some vowels are better characterised by some acoustic properties than others.Together, these findings demonstrate the utility and role of 'large-scale' studies in addressing central questions about the study of phonetic variation. The use of multiple speech corpora and the application of statistical techniques to model patterns of interest in unbalanced data make it increasingly possible to reveal the extent of phonetic variability apparent at multiple levels of linguistic structure"--
Download or read book Linguistic Change and the Great Vowel Shift in English written by Patricia M. Wolfe and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1972 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Vowel Perception and Production written by B. S. Rosner and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 1994-07-21 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last 50 years have witnessed a rapid growth in the understanding of the articulation and the acoustics of vowels. Contemporary theories of speech perception have concentrated on consonant perception, and this volume is intended as a balance to such bias. The authors propose a computational theory of auditory vowel perception, accounting for vowel identification in the face of acoustic differences between speakers and speaking rate and stress. This work lays the foundation for future experimental and computational studies of vowel perception.
Download or read book A Phonetic Investigation of Vowel Variation in Lekwungen written by Tess Nolan and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis conducted the first acoustic analysis on Lekwungen (aka Songhees, Songish) (Central Salish). It studied the acoustic correlates of stress on vowels and the effects of consonantal coarticulatory effects on vowel quality. The goals of the thesis were to provide useful and usable materials and information to Lekwungen language revitalisation efforts and to provide an acoustic study of Lekwungen vowels to expand knowledge of Salishan languages and linguistics. Duration, mean pitch, and mean amplitude were measured on vowels in various stress environments. Findings showed that there is a three-way contrast between vowels in terms of duration and only a two-way contrast in terms of pitch and amplitude. F1, F2, and F3 were measured at vowel onset (5%), midpoint (50%), and offset (95%), as well as a mean (5%-95%), in CVC sequences for four vowels: /i/, /e/, /a/, and /?/. Out of five places of articulation of consonants in Lekwungen (alveolar, palatal, labio-velar, uvular, glottal), uvular and glottal had the most persistent effects on F1, F2, and F3 of all vowels. Of the vowels, unstressed /?/ was the most persistently affected by all consonants. Several effects on perception were also preliminarily documented, but future work is needed to see how persistence in acoustic effects is correlated with perception.This thesis provides information and useful tips to help learners and teachers in writing and perceiving Lekwungen and for learners learning Lekwungen pronunciation, as a part of language revitalisation efforts. It also contributes to the growing body of acoustic phonetic work on Salishan languages, especially on vowels.
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Phonetics written by Rachael-Anne Knight and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-12-02 with total page 902 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phonetics - the study and classification of speech sounds - is a major sub-discipline of linguistics. Bringing together a team of internationally renowned phoneticians, this handbook provides comprehensive coverage of the most recent, cutting-edge work in the field, and focuses on the most widely-debated contemporary issues. Chapters are divided into five thematic areas: segmental production, prosodic production, measuring speech, audition and perception, and applications of phonetics. Each chapter presents an historical overview of the area, along with critical issues, current research and advice on the best practice for teaching phonetics to undergraduates. It brings together global perspectives, and includes examples from a wide range of languages, allowing readers to extend their knowledge beyond English. By providing both state-of-the-art research information, and an appreciation of how it can be shared with students, this handbook is essential both for academic phoneticians, and anyone with an interest in this exciting, rapidly developing field.
Download or read book Phonetic Variation in Coronals in English Infant directed Speech written by Ekaterina A Khlystova and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phonetic variation poses a challenge for language learners tasked with identifying the abstract sound categories (phonemes) and positional allophony of their target language(s). Yet we know relatively little about the actual degree of phonetic variability in IDS and how this variation is structured. In this study, we set out to provide a more holistic understanding of what infants hear by quantifying the extent of variability in the pronunciation of some of the most frequent sound categories of English: coronals (/t/, /d/, /s/, /z/, and /n/). We further examine the degree to which this variation is expected based on English phonotactics. We sampled IDS from the longitudinal Providence Corpus (Demuth et al., 2006) which contains recordings of 5 typically-developing, monolingual, English-speaking 1- to 3-year-olds interacting with their caregivers at home during everyday activities. These utterances were force-aligned (Rosenfelder et al., 2014) according to orthographic transcripts to generate segmental boundaries automatically. We then checked and phonetically annotated 7,000 utterances containing 31,245 coronal segments. We found that overall, canonical variants of /t/ are in the minority (39%) whereas /s/ is overwhelmingly canonical (98%); further, almost every segment had more canonical instances in word-initial compared to word-final position. We also examined the distribution of expected variants based on English phonotactics against the observed variants for /t/ and /d/, two segments that are the most variable. While most variants had high counts of matching observed and expected variants, we also find that unexpected variants are common. The results of the current study help provide an understanding of the full extent of variation in naturalistic IDS. We discuss the implications of these results for theoretical and computational models of morphological and phonological acquisition.
Download or read book Quantity Adjustment written by Nikolaus Ritt and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1994-12-08 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a unified account of all quantity changes affecting English stressed vowels during the early Middle English period. Dr Ritt discusses homorganic lengthening, open syllable lengthening, trisyllabic shortening, and shortening before consonant clusters. The study is based on a statistical analysis of Modern English reflexes of the changes. The complete corpus of analysed data is made available to the reader in the appendices. All of the changes discussed are shown to derive from basically the same set of quasi-universal tendencies, while apparent idiosyncrasies are shown to follow from factors that are independent of the underlying tendencies themselves. The role of tendencies, i.e. probabilistic laws in the description of language change, is given thorough theoretical treatment. In his aim to account for the changes as well as trace their chronology, Dr Ritt applies principles of natural phonology, and examines the conflict between phonological and morphological 'necessities'.
Download or read book Vowel Patterns in Language written by Rachel Walker and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phonetic Distinctiveness as a Sociolinguistic Variable written by Kevin Michael Heffernan and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Second, I examine dispersion of front and back vowels in the speech of 439 speakers from the Atlas of North American English (Labov et al. 2006). Vowel dispersion is shown to correlate with both sex and social class.
