Download or read book Investigating the Density Dependence of the Nuclear Symmetry Energy Using Heavy Ion Collisions written by S. Gannon and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Exploratory Study of the Nuclear Equation of State and the Symmetry Energy at Supra saturation Densities Using Au Au Collisions written by Peter Z. Wu and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A better understanding of the density dependence of the nuclear equation of state (EOS) of isospin asymmetric nuclear matter, particularly at high den- sities, is crucial for interpreting many astrophysical phenomena e.g. neutron stars and supernovae, where model descriptions require inputs for the behaviour of the EOS with extreme values of the symmetry energy. The nuclear EOS is a fundamental property of nuclear matter, which describes the relationships between its thermodynamic properties but is insufficiently constrained by ex- periment. Indeed the equation of state of asymmetric nuclear matter is poorly understood, largely due to a lack of knowledge regarding the density depen- dence of the nuclear symmetry energy term, especially at densities considerably greater than that of normal nuclear matter. Theoretical studies based on either microscopic many-body theories or phenomenological approaches give widely divergent predictions of this quantity. While considerable progress has been achieved over recent years in determining the symmetry energy at saturation and sub-saturation nuclear matter densities, much more work is still needed to probe its behaviour at supra-saturation densities. Until recently, there has been little possibility to study experimentally the density dependence of the symmetry energy. This situation is changing dramatically as new radioactive beam facilities become operational. These facilities promise to revolutionise our knowledge of the equation of state of asymmetric nuclear matter. Heavy- ion reactions induced by neutron-rich nuclei have thus a crucial role to play in this field of research. They provide a unique tool for obtaining information concerning the high-density behaviour of the symmetry energy in a laboratory environment. This thesis reports on an experimental feasibility study into the use of observables of collective flow measured in relativistic heavy-ion collisions to investigate the symmetry energy at supra-saturation densities.

Download or read book Low Density Nuclear Matter in Heavy Ion Collisions written by Lijun Qin and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The symmetry energy is the energy difference between symmetric nuclear matter and pure neutron matter at a given density. Around normal nuclear density, i.e. p/p0 =1, and temperature, i.e. T = 0, the symmetry energy is approximately 23.5 MeV/nucleon for finite nuclear matter and 30 MeV/nucleon for infinite nuclear matter, but at other densities, the symmetry energies are very poorly understood. Since the symmetry energy is very important in understanding many aspects of heavy ion reactions, structure, and nuclear astrophysics, many different models have been developed and some predications of the density dependence of symmetry energy have been made. Intermediate energy heavy ion collisions provide a unique tool to probe the nuclear equation of state. The initial compression and the thermal shock in Fermi- Energy heavy ion collisions lead naturally to the production of nucleonic matter at varying temperatures and densities which are interesting in this context. Since the light particle emission during this stage witnesses each stage of the reaction, it carries essential information on the early dynamics and on the degree of equilibration at each stage of the reaction. The kinematic features and yields of emitted light particles and clusters in the invairant velocity frame have been exploited to probe the nature of the intermediate system and information on the Equation Of State (EOS) with emphasis on the properties of the low density participant matter produced in such collisions. In order to pursue this effort and broaden the density range over which the symmetry energies are experimentally determined we have now carried out a series of experiments in which the reactions of 112Sn and 124Sn with projectiles, ranging from 4He, 10B, 20Ne, 40Ar to 64Zn, all at the same energy per nucleon, 47 Mev/u, were performed. In this series of experiments different collision systems should lead to different average densities. By careful comparisons of the yields, spectra and angular distributions observed for particle emission from these different systems we attempted to cleanly separate early emission resulting from nucleon-nucleon collisions from that resulting from evaporation from the thermalized system and obtain a much cleaner picture of the dynamic evolution of the hotter systems. The Albergo Model has been used to calculate the density and temperature, symmetry free energies with the isoscaling technique for systems with different N/Z ratios. Those are compared with Roepke Model results. Also other models like VEOS, Lattimer, and Shen-Toki have been added to calculate the alpha mass fraction in order to understand the properties of low density matter further.

Download or read book Heavy Ion Collisions At Intermediate Energy Theoretical Models written by Dasgupta Subal and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2019-08-27 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ions are atoms or molecules stripped of their electrons, so they can be accelerated by electric fields. They can be made to hit each other with low energy, intermediate energy, high energy, or very high energy; each energy range seeks to investigate different aspects of hadronic physics. Intermediate-energy heavy ion collisions explore the nuclei far from stability valley, the incompressibility of nuclear matter, the liquid-gas phase transition in nuclear environment, the symmetry energy far from the normal density, and other phenomena. This has been an active field of research for last four decades.This is a book for entrants in the field. It is suitable as a companion book in a graduate course. For practitioners in the field it will be useful as a reference.

Download or read book Multifragmentation in Heavy Ion Reactions written by Rajeev K. Puri and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-10-26 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a collection of reviews of some of the recent developments in nuclear physics research at intermediate energies from across the globe. It especially focuses on the most essential aspects, such as multifragmentation and associated phenomena in nuclear collisions, with the incident energy region between a few MeV and several hundreds of MeV/nucleon. The topic of the book—multifragmentation—was chosen based on the fact that all heavy-ion collisions revolve around a fragmenting system, which is also thought to have a link to phase transitions. One unique and valuable dimension of this book is that it has brought together the research of several experts working in the field of intermediate energy heavy-ion collisions in various renowned laboratories of the world. It provides a thorough review of the recent developments in various related phenomena, especially multifragmentation, observed at the intermediate-energy range, both theoretically and experimentally. It extensively discusses the concept of nuclear symmetry energy, which is important for the nuclear physics and astrophysics communities. In addition, the book identifies potential research directions and technologies that will drive future innovations. It will serve as a valuable reference for a larger audience, including students who wish to pursue a career in nuclear physics and astrophysics.

Download or read book Nuclear Matter and Heavy Ion Collisions written by Madeleine Soyeur and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Winter School "Nuclear Matter and Heavy Ion Collisions", a NATO Research Workshop held at Les Houches in February 89, has been devoted to recent developments in nuclear matter theory and to the study of central heavy ion collisions in which quasi macroscopic nuclear systems can be formed at various temperatures and densities. At in cident energies below 100 Me V per nucleon, the kinematic conditions are favourable for producing transient hot nuclei with temperatures of the order of a few MeV. At higher ener gies (100 MeV

Download or read book Transverse Collective Flow and Emission Order of Mid rapidity Fragments in Fermi Energy Heavy Ion Collisions written by Zachary Wayne Kohley and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Equation of State (EoS) of asymmetric nuclear matter has been explored through the study of mid-rapidity fragment dynamics from the 35 MeV/u70Zn+70Zn, 64Zn+64Zn, and 64Ni+64Ni systems. The experimental data was collected at the Texas A & M Cyclotron Institute using the 4[pie] NIMROD-ISiS array, which provided both event characterization and excellent isotopic resolution of charged particles. The transverse collective flow was extracted for proton, deuteron, triton, 3He, alpha, and 6He particles. Isotopic and isobaric effects were observed in the transverse flow of the fragments. In both cases, the transverse flow was shown to decrease with an increasing neutron content in the fragments. The (N/Z)sys dependence of the transverse flow and the difference betwen the triton and 3He flow were shown to be sensitive to the density dependence of the symmetry energy using the stochastic mean-field model. A stiff parameterization of Esym(p) was found to provide better agreement with the experimental data. The transverse flow for intermediate mass fragments (IMFs) was investigated, providing a new probe to study the nuclear EoS. A transition from the IMF flow strongly depending on the mass of the system, in the most violent collisions, to a dependence on the charge of the system, for the peripheral reactions, was observed. Theoretical simulations were used to show that the relative differences in the IMF flow are sensitive to the density dependence of the symmetry energy. The best agreement between the experiment and theory was achieved with a stiff Esym(p). A new method was developed in which correlations between the projectile-like and mid-rapidity fragments were examined using a scaled flow. Theoretical simulations were used to show that the scaled flow of the particles was connected to their average order of emission. The experimental results suggest that the mid-rapidity region is preferentially populated with neutron-rich light charged particles and the Z=3-4 IMFs at a relatively early stage in the collision. This work presents additional constraints on the nuclear EoS and insight into the mid-rapidity dynamics observed in Fermi energy heavy-ion collisions.

Download or read book Nuclear Methods and the Nuclear Equation of State written by Marcello Baldo and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1999 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The theoretical study of the nuclear equation of state (EOS) is a field of research which deals with most of the fundamental problems of nuclear physics. This book gives an overview of the present status of the microscopic theory of the nuclear EOS. Its aim is essentially twofold: first, to serve as a textbook for students entering the field, by covering the different subjects as exhaustively and didactically as possible; second, to be a reference book for all researchers active in the theory of nuclear matter, by providing a report on the latest developments. Special emphasis is given to the numerous open problems existing at present and the prospects for their possible solutions.The general framework of the different approaches presented in the book is the meson theory of nuclear forces ? where no free parameter is introduced ? and the many-body treatment of nucleon-nucleon correlations. The ultimate hope of this world-wide effort is the understanding of the structure of nuclear matter, both in the ground state and at finite temperature.The main audience addressed is the community of theoretical nuclear physicists, but nuclear experimentalists and astrophysicists will also find in the book an extensive amount of material of direct interest for their everyday work, particularly for those studying heavy-ion collisions, where the nuclear EOS is of special relevance. Finally, theoretical physicists working on elementary particle theory could find in the book some stimulating ideas and problems directly related to their field.

Download or read book Investigation of the Nuclear Equation of State and Dielectron Production in Heavy Ion Collisions written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Determination of Density and Momentum Dependence of Nuclear Symmetry Potentials with Asymmetric Heavy Ion Reactions written by Rachel Hodges Showalter and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Probing the Nuclear Symmetry Energy with Heavy Ion Collisions written by Daniel David Schechtman Coupland and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Probing the Equation of State of Neutron Stars with Heavy Ion Collisions written by Om Bhadra Khanal and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The equation of state (EOS) is a fundamental property of nuclear matter, important for studying the structure of systems as diverse as the atomic nucleus and the neutron star. Nuclear reactions, especially heavy-ion collisions in the laboratories, can produce the nuclear matter similar to those contained in neutron stars. The density and the momentum dependence of the EOS of asymmetric nuclear matter, especially the symmetry energy term, is widely unconstrained. Finding appropriate constrains, especially at higher densities of the nuclear matter, requires the development of new devices, new experimental measurements as well as advances in theoretical understanding of nuclear collisions and neutron stars. The main goal of the study’s experiment was to further constrain the density and the momentum dependence of the symmetry energy by looking at various observables like neutron to proton ratios, particle flow and the two-particle correlations in 58,64Ni+40,48Ca collisions at E/A=56 MeV/u and 140 MeV/u. That experiment was performed at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory at Michigan State University. Measuring neutrons was an important goal of that experiment and it was done using the Large Area Neutron Array at NSCL. However, that detector by itself cannot identify neutrons from charged particles. Thus, our group at WMU constructed a charged particle detector that was placed in front of LANA that was used to veto the charged particles hitting LANA. My research involved building, testing, and commissioning of that charged particle detector, called WMU Veto Wall. In this study I focus mostly on commissioning and calibrating of the WMU Veto Wall. I also demonstrate how our detector improves the neutron identification in LANA. Furthermore, I construct charged particles spectra from the Veto Wall and used them to construct pseudo-neutrons which are like real neutrons.

Download or read book Isospin Physics in Heavy ion Collisions at Intermediate Energies written by Bao-An Li and published by Nova Biomedical Books. This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Isospin Physics in Heavy-Ion Collisions At Intermediate Energies

Download or read book Proceedings of the International Workshop on Nuclear Reaction and Beyond written by G. M. Jin and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2000 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume, the following topics are discussed: study of intermediate and low energy heavy ion collisions, nuclear structure at high spin, nuclei far from stability, radioactive ion beam physics and development of experimental facilities.

Download or read book Dynamics and Thermodynamics with Nuclear Degrees of Freedom written by Philippe Chomaz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-07-28 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the outcome of a community-wide review of the field of dynamics and thermodynamics with nuclear degrees of freedom. It presents the achievements and the outstanding open questions in 26 articles collected in six topical sections and written by more than 60 authors. All authors are internationally recognized experts in their fields.

Download or read book Gribov Memorial Volume Quarks Hadrons And Strong Interactions Proceedings Of The Memorial Workshop Devoted To The 75th Birthday Of V N Gribov written by Yuri L Dokshitzer and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2006-06-07 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vladimir Naumovich Gribov was one of the most outstanding theorists, a key figure in the creation of the modern elementary particle physics. His many discoveries are famous and well accepted by the physics community (Gribov-Regge theory of high energy hadron interactions, Gribov vacuum pole — Pomeron, Reggeon field theory, parton evolution equations, neutrino oscillations, Gribov copies in non-Abelian gauge field theories, etc.); Some of his ideas look unacceptable and strange at the first glance. Even at the second glance.Nowadays, under the weight of new theoretical developments and experimental results, his ideas are receiving the recognition they deserve. The Gribov Memorial Workshop, organized on his 75th birthday in Budapest, Hungary in 2005, clearly demonstrated the wealth and fertilization force of his ideas. Close colleagues, younger followers, world experts of the quark-hadron world have gathered together to display new angles of the Gribov heritage. And to remember the personality of a great man.This book collects the talks presented at, and contributed to, the Gribov-75 Memorial Workshop.

Download or read book Collective Motion and Phase Transitions in Nuclear Systems written by A. A. Raduta and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2007 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the invited contributions that were presented at the Predeal International Summer School in Nuclear Physics 2006. It covers the recent achievements in the fields of nuclear structure, double beta decay, nuclear multifragmentation, kaon and dilepton production in heavy ion collisions, and the quark-gluon plasma. The treatment is both theoretical and experimental, with emphasis on the collective aspects and related phase transitions. The papers are authored by many leading researchers in the field.