Download or read book Investigating Hybrid Maize Teosinte written by Jaganna Rawat and published by . This book was released on 2023-07-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize (Zea mays) is one of the most significant cereal crops globally, serving as a staple food source for millions. However, its wild ancestor, teosinte (Zea spp.), remains a vital and intriguing component of maize's evolutionary history. Investigating the hybridization between maize and teosinte has proven crucial for understanding the crop's domestication, genetic diversity, and potential for future agricultural advancements. The domestication of maize from teosinte is considered one of the most pivotal events in human history. Early Mesoamerican farmers selectively bred teosinte, leading to the emergence of maize around 9,000 years ago. This process transformed simple grass into a highly productive cereal crop, fundamentally changing agriculture and food systems worldwide. Studying the genetic relationship between maize and teosinte offers profound insights into their shared ancestry and the genetic basis of their differences. Through modern molecular techniques, researchers have identified regions in their genomes that have undergone significant changes during domestication. Such investigations have facilitated the development of advanced breeding strategies to enhance maize productivity and resilience. Hybridization between maize and teosinte remains a focal point of research in plant biology. Understanding the mechanisms of interspecies gene flow and hybridization can have implications for crop improvement and genetic conservation. Moreover, exploring the ecological interactions between these species' sheds light on the potential for gene exchange, promoting genetic diversity and adaptation. Beyond its historical importance, teosinte continues to contribute to the development of modern maize varieties. Introducing teosinte genes into maize can confer desirable traits, such as disease resistance and drought tolerance. These hybridization efforts open avenues for producing climate-resilient crops, addressing the challenges posed by a changing environment and global food security. Moreover, investigating hybrid maize-teosinte systems can have broader implications for evolutionary biology and conservation. Understanding how these species interact and exchange genetic material informs the study of plant speciation, adaptation, and biodiversity conservation. In conclusion, investigating the hybridization between maize and teosinte is a multidisciplinary endeavor with significant implications for agriculture, genetics, and ecological sciences. The journey from teosinte to modern maize unveils the remarkable story of human ingenuity and the profound impact of domestication on civilization. As we continue to explore this vital connection, we gain insights that empower us to develop sustainable agriculture and ensure food security for future generations. Moreover, the work in this field exemplifies the beauty and complexity of nature's processes and encourages us to preserve and protect the genetic diversity of these invaluable plant species.
Download or read book Genetic Research of Maize X Teosinte Hybrid and Advanced Progeny written by Elio E and published by Elio Endless Publishers. This book was released on 2023-08-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zea mays subsp. mays, from Spanish: maz after Taino: mahis[2]), often known as corn in North American and Australian English, is a cereal grain that was initially domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico approximately 10,000 years ago. Maize is a member of the Zea mays subsp. mays species.[3][4] The plant's leafy stalk gives rise to in"orescences, sometimes known as 5tassels,5 which produce pollen and separate ovuliferous in"orescences called ears. These in"orescences, when fertilized, yield kernels or seeds, which are considered botanical fruits.[6][I] Fn formal, scientiHc, and international usage, the term maize is favored as the common name since it refers solely to this one grain, whereas the term corn refers to any primary cereal crop that is farmed in a country. This preference for the term maize as the common name can be explained as follows. Wor instance, the term 5corn5 is typically used to refer to 5maize5 in both North America and Australia. Gowever, in England and Cales, RENETFO 2 XESEAXOG YW MAFZE B TEYSFNTE GDVXF... AN... A...jANOE...( 5corn5 can also mean 5wheat5 or 5barley,5 and in Scotland and Freland, 5corn5 refers to 5oats.5As a result of its widespread adoption as a primary source of nutrition, maize now accounts for a greater proportion of global grain production than either wheat or rice. Maize is utilized not 7ust for human consumption 8often in the form of masa), but also for the production of corn ethanol, animal feed, and other maize-based goods such as corn starch and corn syrup.[q] ...ent corn, "int corn, pod corn, popcorn, "our corn, and sweet corn are the six primary varieties of maize. Sweet corn is also known as popcorn.[9] The kernels of sugar-rich varieties of corn, known as sweet corn, are typically grown for human consumption, whereas Held corn varieties are typically used for animal feed, various corn-based human food uses 8such as grinding it into cornmeal or masa, pressing it into corn oil, fermenting and distilling it into alcoholic beverages like bourbon whiskey), and as feedstocks for the chemical industry. Sweet corn varieties are typically grown for human consumption as kernels. Fn addition, ethanol and various other types of biofuels can be made from maize.Maize is the most fre;uently farmed grain in the world, and each year, more maize is produced than any other type of grain combined.[U] The total amount of product produced all across the world in 2021 was 1.2 billion tonnes 81.2 10U long tonsP 1.3 10U short tons). Ft is estimated that in the year 2021, the Lnited States of America alone will produce 394 million tonnes 83q9,000,000 long tonsP 423,000,000 short tons) of maize. Maize is the grain crop that /XE-OYáLMVFAN ...EjEáY/MENT 3 is grown more than any other in the Americas.[source: missing citation] Fn 200U, genetically modiHed maize accounted for 96 percent of all of the corn that was planted in the Lnited States.[10] There is a high degree of maize cultivation in the Lnited States, which helps to account for the country's position
Download or read book In the Light of Evolution written by National Academy of Sciences and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arthur M. Sackler Colloquia of the National Academy of Sciences address scientific topics of broad and current interest, cutting across the boundaries of traditional disciplines. Each year, four or five such colloquia are scheduled, typically two days in length and international in scope. Colloquia are organized by a member of the Academy, often with the assistance of an organizing committee, and feature presentations by leading scientists in the field and discussions with a hundred or more researchers with an interest in the topic. Colloquia presentations are recorded and posted on the National Academy of Sciences Sackler colloquia website and published on CD-ROM. These Colloquia are made possible by a generous gift from Mrs. Jill Sackler, in memory of her husband, Arthur M. Sackler.
Download or read book Evaluation of Teosinte Genetic Diversity for Agronomic and Domestication Traits in Maize written by Avinash Karn and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) is one of the most important crops in the world. Teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis) is the wild progenitor of maize and has greater genetic diversity than maize inbreds and landraces. Maize was domesticated from teosinte 9000 years ago, in central Mexico, and has been subjected to modern plant breeding over the past 100 years. In the recent years, extensive scientific breeding practices have led to remarkable yield increases in maize. However, domesticated and artificial genes have greatly reduced genetic diversity and cannot contribute to variation for agronomically important traits. Teosinte readily forms hybrids with maize and thus offers a unique pool of allelic diversity for maize improvement, yet limited genetic resources were available to efficiently evaluate and tap this diversity. To broaden resources for genetic diversity studies in maize, our lab previously developed over 900 near-isogenic introgression lines (NILs) from 10 teosinte accessions in the B73 background, and here we report the development of a new population, the Teosinte Synthetic (Teo-Syn). In order to understand the relationship between genetic diversity from teosinte and grain composition, we evaluated kernel starch, protein, and oil content, in the teosinte NILs. We found two starch, three protein and six oil QTL, which collectively explain 18%, 23% and 45% of the total variation, respectively. A range of strong allelic effects were identified relative to the B73 allele, supporting our hypothesis that teosinte harbors stronger alleles for kernel composition traits than maize. We found that some of the regions of the genome that control grain composition in our population were previously identified in maize, but we also found several new regions of the genome from teosinte that control grain composition. These teosinte alleles can be exploited for the improvement of kernel composition traits in modern maize germplasm. Ultimately, these novel regions of the teosinte genome can be mined for useful variation to improve corn for producers and consumers, as well as many industrial applications. In maize, common variants play a critical role to adapt to numerous large-scale environments; however, there are numerous rare alleles that may contribute to inbreeding depression or heterosis through complementation, or in complex quantitative traits such as yield, adaptation and kernel composition. It is important to understand the role of rare alleles in the maize genetic architecture in order to aid in the selection and development of future elite breeding lines. A new genetic resource, the Teosinte Synthetic (Teo-Syn), was developed by our lab by randomly mating backcrossed (BC1) progeny of 11 parviglumis accessions in the B73 background, yielding a population with the expected genetic ratio of ~25% teosinte and ~75% B73. We identified several significant QTLs for plant architecture, adaptation and kernel composition traits with a wide range of allelic effects. We further investigated if there is any statistical evidence for epistatic interactions in the Teo-Syn population, and found numerous interacting sites with larger and wider effects than additive effects. Maize plays a central role in the US agriculture and food production, as well as has the greatest molecular and phenotypic diversity than any crop species. My results from this study provide accumulated evidence for epistatic interactions influencing the genetic architecture of several plant architecture and composition traits. Findings from this study provide novel information that can be utilized by breeders and geneticist to accelerate the development of future elite maize germplasm as well as provide insight to efficiently predict hybrid performance.
Download or read book The Maize Genome written by Jeffrey Bennetzen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-24 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses advances in our understanding of the structure and function of the maize genome since publication of the original B73 reference genome in 2009, and the progress in translating this knowledge into basic biology and trait improvement. Maize is an extremely important crop, providing a large proportion of the world’s human caloric intake and animal feed, and serving as a model species for basic and applied research. The exceptionally high level of genetic diversity within maize presents opportunities and challenges in all aspects of maize genetics, from sequencing and genotyping to linking genotypes to phenotypes. Topics covered in this timely book range from (i) genome sequencing and genotyping techniques, (ii) genome features such as centromeres and epigenetic regulation, (iii) tools and resources available for trait genomics, to (iv) applications of allele mining and genomics-assisted breeding. This book is a valuable resource for researchers and students interested in maize genetics and genomics.
Download or read book A Genetic Study of Characters Differentiating Maize and Teosinte written by John Sinclair Rogers and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plant Epigenetics written by Nikolaus Rajewsky and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents, in 26 chapters, the status quo in epigenomic profiling. It discusses how functional information can be indirectly inferred and describes the new approaches that promise functional answers, collectively referred to as epigenome editing. It highlights the latest important advances in our understanding of the functions of plant epigenomics and new technologies for the study of epigenomic marks and mechanisms in plants. Topics include the deposition or removal of chromatin modifications and histone variants, the role of epigenetics in development and response to environmental signals, natural variation and ecology, as well as applications for epigenetics in crop improvement. Discussing areas ranging from the complex regulation of stress and heterosis to the precise mechanisms of DNA and histone modifications, it presents breakthroughs in our understanding of complex phenotypic phenomena.
Download or read book Chromosomes of Maize teosinte Hybrids written by Y. C. Ting and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Terminal Loop Configurations in Maize X Teosinte Hybrid Chromosomes During Pachytene written by Bertram Martin Froehly and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cytogenetics of Maize Teosinte Hybrids written by M. S. Ramesh and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetics and Exploitation of Heterosis in Crops written by J. G. Coors and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explore the momentous contributions of hybrid crop varieties with worldwide experts. Topics include an overview, quantitative genetics, genetic diversity, biochemistry and molecular biology, methodologies, commercial strategies, and examples from numerous crops.
Download or read book Races of Maize in Mexico written by Edwin John Wellhausen and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: History of maize classification. How races used in classification. Geographical distribution. Existing races of maize in Mexico.
Download or read book Genomics of Plant Genetic Resources written by Roberto Tuberosa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-08 with total page 711 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our lives and well being intimately depend on the exploitation of the plant genetic resources available to our breeding programs. Therefore, more extensive exploration and effective exploitation of plant genetic resources are essential prerequisites for the release of improved cultivars. Accordingly, the remarkable progress in genomics approaches and more recently in sequencing and bioinformatics offers unprecedented opportunities for mining germplasm collections, mapping and cloning loci of interest, identifying novel alleles and deploying them for breeding purposes. This book collects 48 highly interdisciplinary articles describing how genomics improves our capacity to characterize and harness natural and artificially induced variation in order to boost crop productivity and provide consumers with high-quality food. This book will be an invaluable reference for all those interested in managing, mining and harnessing the genetic richness of plant genetic resources.
Download or read book Statistical Population Genomics written by Julien Y Dutheil and published by . This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access volume presents state-of-the-art inference methods in population genomics, focusing on data analysis based on rigorous statistical techniques. After introducing general concepts related to the biology of genomes and their evolution, the book covers state-of-the-art methods for the analysis of genomes in populations, including demography inference, population structure analysis and detection of selection, using both model-based inference and simulation procedures. Last but not least, it offers an overview of the current knowledge acquired by applying such methods to a large variety of eukaryotic organisms. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, pointers to the relevant literature, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Statistical Population Genomics aims to promote and ensure successful applications of population genomic methods to an increasing number of model systems and biological questions. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Download or read book Journal of Agricultural Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1941 with total page 798 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Maize written by Jeff L. Bennetzen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-16 with total page 785 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize is one of the world’s highest value crops, with a multibillion dollar annual contribution to agriculture. The great adaptability and high yields available for maize as a food, feed and forage crop have led to its current production on over 140 million hectares worldwide, with acreage continuing to grow at the expense of other crops. In terms of tons of cereal grain produced worldwide, maize has been number one for many years. Moreover, maize is expanding its contribution to non-food uses, including as a major source of ethanol as a fuel additive or fuel alternative in the US. In addition, maize has been at the center of the transgenic plant controversy, serving as the first food crop with released transgenic varieties. By 2008, maize will have its genome sequence released, providing the sequence of the first average-size plant genome (the four plant genomes that are now sequenced come from unusually tiny genomes) and of the most complex genome sequenced from any organism. Among plant science researchers, maize has the second largest and most productive research community, trailing only the Arabidopsis community in scale and significance. At the applied research and commercial improvement levels, maize has no peers in agriculture, and consists of thousands of contributors worthwhile. A comprehensive book on the biology of maize has not been published. The "Handbook of Maize: the Genetics and Genomics" center on the past, present and future of maize as a model for plant science research and crop improvement. The books include brief, focused chapters from the foremost maize experts and feature a succinct collection of informative images representing the maize germplasm collection.
Download or read book Maize genetic resources written by and published by CIMMYT. This book was released on 1995 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
