Download or read book Investigating the Determinants of Cognitive Ability Test Performance written by Dalene Lynn Masi and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Validly Measuring Cognitive Ability by Self report written by Kate Erin Jacobs and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditional performance-based measures of cognitive ability provide information essential to the development of effective interventions aimed at ameliorating presenting referral concerns. While recent advances in cognitive theory afforded by the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) model means that we now have a greater understanding of the abilities that contribute to achievement in specific domains, deciding which of the numerous CHC abilities should form the focus of an assessment can be a daunting task. Economies could be gained if diagnostic hypotheses formed from intake information could be pretested, allowing for selectively constructed cognitive assessments that most effectively and efficiently address referral concerns. The notion of obtaining valid self-reports of cognitive ability was therefore revisited as a method for screening which abilities most critically require formal assessment. The previous lack of substantive valid ability models was considered one significant reason as to why earlier attempts at obtaining valid self-reports of cognitive functioning had been problematic. Consequently this research took advantage of recent theoretical advances by basing the development of a pilot measure on three extensively validated and defined abilities from CHC theory; Fluid reasoning (Gf), Comprehension-knowledge (Gc), and Visual processing (Gv). This research began with a meta-analytic review of 40 studies that investigated the validity of self-reports of cognitive ability; providing suggestions regarding the measurement conditions most conducive to valid assessment of cognitive ability by self-report. By applying these meta-analytic insights in combination with the theoretical framework of CHC theory, the Self-Report Measure of Cognitive Abilities (SRMCA) was developed and its content validity established. A priori expectations of a three-factor solution were supported by Study 1 (N = 230) using exploratory factor analysis, and replicated in Study 2 (N = 214) using confirmatory factor analysis. The external validity of the developed measure was also investigated in Study 2 by obtaining performance measures of Gf, Gc, and Gv, as well as a measure of self-deceptive enhancement (SDE), a socially desirable responding variable. Additionally participants provided single-item self-estimates of Gf, Gc, and Gv, the validity of which was compared to the SRMCA subscales. Multitrait-multimethod analysis found that while single-item self-estimates displayed (on-average) greater levels of convergent validity (attributed to the differing instructions between this measure and the SRMCA); the SRMCA demonstrated greater levels of discriminant validity which was explained as emanating from the multi-item format. Furthermore, the effects of SDE were identified as dependent on the type of cognitive ability area self-evaluated, rather than the type of measure used, with self-ratings of Gc appearing immune. The finding that participants could effectively recognise differences between distinct cognitive abilities when completing the SRMCA supports the importance of using a strong theoretical model that contains clear and well-validated factors when developing a self-report measure of cognitive ability. Results also highlighted the importance of considering the type of ability being evaluated, in addition to the response format used. This dissertation provides renewed optimism regarding the potential to develop a self-report measure of cognitive ability that validly predicts traditional performance measures of intelligence. It is recommended that future research give due consideration to established psychometric principles, as well as the application of robust theoretical models.

Download or read book Psychological Testing in the Service of Disability Determination written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-06-29 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States Social Security Administration (SSA) administers two disability programs: Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI), for disabled individuals, and their dependent family members, who have worked and contributed to the Social Security trust funds, and Supplemental Security Income (SSSI), which is a means-tested program based on income and financial assets for adults aged 65 years or older and disabled adults and children. Both programs require that claimants have a disability and meet specific medical criteria in order to qualify for benefits. SSA establishes the presence of a medically-determined impairment in individuals with mental disorders other than intellectual disability through the use of standard diagnostic criteria, which include symptoms and signs. These impairments are established largely on reports of signs and symptoms of impairment and functional limitation. Psychological Testing in the Service of Disability Determination considers the use of psychological tests in evaluating disability claims submitted to the SSA. This report critically reviews selected psychological tests, including symptom validity tests, that could contribute to SSA disability determinations. The report discusses the possible uses of such tests and their contribution to disability determinations. Psychological Testing in the Service of Disability Determination discusses testing norms, qualifications for administration of tests, administration of tests, and reporting results. The recommendations of this report will help SSA improve the consistency and accuracy of disability determination in certain cases.

Download or read book Handbook of Cognitive Aging written by Scott M. Hofer and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2008-03-20 with total page 745 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Provides a unique perspective. I am particularly impressed with the sections on innovative design and methods to investigate cognitive aging and the integrative perspectives. None of the existing texts covers this material to the same level." —Donna J. La Voie, Saint Louis University "The emphasis on integrating the literature with theoretical and methodological innovations could have a far-reaching impact on the field." —Deb McGinnis, Oakland University The Handbook of Cognitive Aging: Interdisciplinary Perspectives clarifies the differences in patterns and processes of cognitive aging. Along with a comprehensive review of current research, editors Scott M. Hofer and Duane F. Alwin provide a solid foundation for building a multidisciplinary agenda that will stimulate further rigorous research into these complex factors. Key Features Gathers the widest possible range of perspectives by including cognitive aging experts in various disciplines while maintaining a degree of unity across chapters Examines the limitations of the extant literature, particularly in research design and measurement, and offers new suggestions to guide future research Highlights the broad scope of the field with topics ranging from demography to development to neuroscience, offering the most complete coverage available on cognitive aging

Download or read book Investigating Students Capacities to Develop the Cognitive Skills of Executive Function An Action Research Study written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Optimized Cognitive Training written by Hillary Schwarb and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since antiquity, philosophers, theologians, and scientists have been interested in human memory; however, researchers today are still working to understand the capabilities, boundaries, and architecture. While the storage capabilities of long-term memory are seemingly unlimited (Bahrick, 1984), working memory, or the ability to maintain and manipulate information held in memory, seems to have stringent capacity limits (e.g., Cowan, 2001). Individual differences, however, do exist and these differences can often predict performance on a wide variety of tasks (cf. Engle, 2001). Recently, researchers have promoted the enticing possibility that simple behavioral training can expand the limits of working memory which indeed may also lead to improvements on other cognitive processes as well (cf. Morrison & Chein, 2011). The current study investigated this possibility. Recommendations from the skill training literature (cf. Schneider, 1985) were incorporated to create optimized verbal and spatial working memory training tasks. Significant performance improvements were evident across eight days of cognitive training using verbal and spatial adaptive n-back procedures. Training-related improvements were also evident for some untrained measures of visual short-term memory, attentional control, and working memory. These training effects, however, were not universal. Other measures of visual short-term memory and attentional control, as well as measures of fluid intelligence were unaffected by training.

Download or read book Investigating the Relationship Between Word Knowledge and Cognitive Ability written by Dorothy Parzyk Hall and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cerebral Lateralization and Cognition Evolutionary and Developmental Investigations of Behavioral Biases written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-08-07 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cerebral Lateralization and Cognition: Evolutionary and Developmental Investigations of Motor Biases, Volume 238, the latest release in the Progress in Brain Research series, discusses interdisciplinary research on the influence of cerebral lateralization on cognition within an evolutionary framework. Chapters of note in this release include Evolutionary Perspectives: Visual/Motor Biases and Cognition, Manual laterality and cognition through evolution: An archeological perspective, Laterality in insects, Motor asymmetries in fish, amphibians and reptiles, Visual biases and social cognition in animals, Mother and offspring lateralized social interaction across animal species, Manual bias, personality and cognition in common marmosets and other primates, and more. Presents investigations of cognitive development in an evolutionary framework Provides a better understanding of the causal relationship between motor function and brain organization Brings clinicians and neuroscientists together to consider the relevance of motor biases as behavioral biomarkers of cognitive disorders Includes future possibilities for early detection and motor intervention therapies

Download or read book Investigating the Modality Specific Cognitive Abilities Predictive of Arithmetic Competence Using a Developmental Trajectories Approach written by Rosemary Clare Penford and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Behavior Genetics of Cognition Across the Lifespan written by Deborah Finkel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-07-09 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Along with psychopathology, cognition has been one of the primary phenotypic focal points of the field of behavior genetics since its inception. Francis Galton’s 1874 examination of eminent families in Britain was among the earliest attempts to investigate whether cognitive achievements run in families. This volume presents current methodologies for understanding cognitive abilities that move beyond the outdated nature vs. nurture paradigm. Recent advances in both collection and statistical modeling of twin data, particularly longitudinal twin data, make this an especially advantageous moment to produce a work that presents a collection of the groundbreaking research on cognitive abilities across the lifespan. This volume presents an overview of the current state of quantitative and molecular genetic investigations into the many facets of cognitive performance and functioning across the lifespan.​

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well Being Research written by Alex C. Michalos and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-02-12 with total page 7347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this encyclopedia is to provide a comprehensive reference work on scientific and other scholarly research on the quality of life, including health-related quality of life research or also called patient-reported outcomes research. Since the 1960s two overlapping but fairly distinct research communities and traditions have developed concerning ideas about the quality of life, individually and collectively, one with a fairly narrow focus on health-related issues and one with a quite broad focus. In many ways, the central issues of these fields have roots extending to the observations and speculations of ancient philosophers, creating a continuous exploration by diverse explorers in diverse historic and cultural circumstances over several centuries of the qualities of human existence. What we have not had so far is a single, multidimensional reference work connecting the most salient and important contributions to the relevant fields. Entries are organized alphabetically and cover basic concepts, relatively well established facts, lawlike and causal relations, theories, methods, standardized tests, biographic entries on significant figures, organizational profiles, indicators and indexes of qualities of individuals and of communities of diverse sizes, including rural areas, towns, cities, counties, provinces, states, regions, countries and groups of countries.

Download or read book Investigations of a Cognitive Skill written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book When I m 64 written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-02-13 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By 2030 there will be about 70 million people in the United States who are older than 64. Approximately 26 percent of these will be racial and ethnic minorities. Overall, the older population will be more diverse and better educated than their earlier cohorts. The range of late-life outcomes is very dramatic with old age being a significantly different experience for financially secure and well-educated people than for poor and uneducated people. The early mission of behavioral science research focused on identifying problems of older adults, such as isolation, caregiving, and dementia. Today, the field of gerontology is more interdisciplinary. When I'm 64 examines how individual and social behavior play a role in understanding diverse outcomes in old age. It also explores the implications of an aging workforce on the economy. The book recommends that the National Institute on Aging focus its research support in social, personality, and life-span psychology in four areas: motivation and behavioral change; socioemotional influences on decision-making; the influence of social engagement on cognition; and the effects of stereotypes on self and others. When I'm 64 is a useful resource for policymakers, researchers and medical professionals.

Download or read book Investigating the Effect of Competition on Cognitive Performance written by Muhammad Adeel Khan and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Examining the Role of Cognitive Ability and Individual Thinking Dispositions in Moral Judgment written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current study examined the relation between individual cognitive ability (SAT total score), thinking dispositions (Stanovich's (2008) Master Rationality Motive, Cacioppo et al.'s (1984) Need for Cognition, Stanovich & West's (1997) Actively Open-minded Thinking scales), and moral judgment. The relation between these individual differences and moral judgment was examined across multiple contexts. First, the expression of myside bias was examined within a medical ethics scenario in which a limited number of organs must be allocated between two groups of people with differential transplant survival rates. Second, the role of individual differences was examined in moral reasoning across differential presentation of moral dilemma scenarios. The findings of the current study suggest that individual difference variables such as cognitive ability and thinking dispositions do not relate to moral judgment in the same manner across both experimental scenarios. Further investigation and replication is needed in order to draw definitive conclusions regarding the relation between individual cognitive ability, thinking dispositions, and moral judgment.

Download or read book Investigating the Feasibility of Neuro cognitive Games for Detecting the Onset of Dementia Using a Phantom Arm Compared to Touchscreen Version written by Tianshao Ni and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this preliminary study, a virtual reality game was developed to detect the onset of dementia. The game takes place in a 3D virtual kitchen, and the player is tasked to identify displaced objects from memory and to recall the order of displacement. Two different hardware platforms were used to play the game; a touchscreen tablet and a phantom robotic arm. Cognitive abilities such as object recognition, spatial memory and memory retention were assessed. Study participants were 45 seniors, out of which four were diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and 3 with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Their performances were evaluated against the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test. They performed the experiments both with a phantom arm mimicking humans' arm and with a touchscreen version. Healthy older adults performed significantly better than MCI participants, who in turn performed better than AD participants. MoCA significantly correlated with the game score on both hardware interfaces. There was also a significant difference between the performance score while using phantom robotic arm compared to that when using the touchscreen, pointing towards a deficit of visuomotor ability in ageing. The scores of performances using touchscreen version of the games was a significant predictor of MoCA, while the scores of using phantom arm was a significant predictor of age. MCI participants performed much worse on order recall tasks compared to object identification tasks, suggesting a more pronounced deficit in memory retention. More MCI and AD participants should be investigated to determine the designed experiments' sensitivity and specificity in detecting dementia.

Download or read book Studying Brain Activity in Sports Performance written by Stéphane Perrey and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-03-30 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The improvement of exercise performance in sports not only involves the enhancement of physical strength, but also includes the development of psychological and cognitive functions. There is an increasing body of evidence to show that physical exercise is a powerful way to improve a number of aspects of cognition and brain function at the systemic and behavioral levels. Yet, several questions remain: What type of exercise program is optimal for improving cognitive functions? What are the real effects of certain innovative exercise protocols on the relationship between behavior and the brain? To what extent do ergogenic aids boost cognitive function? How efficient are neuromodulation techniques in relation to behavioral performance? The answers to these questions likely require multidisciplinary insights not only from physiologists and sports scientists, but also from neuroscientists and psychologists. The manuscripts published (16 research papers and one perspective article from various academic fields) in this Special Issue Book “Exercise: A Gate That Primes the Brain to Perform” bring together current knowledge and novel directions in human exercise-cognition research dealing with performance. This book showcases the various relationships between cognitive function, brain activity, and behavioral performance with applications in sports and exercise science.