Download or read book Invertebrate Immune Defense Mechanisms written by Ronald T. Acton and published by Ardent Media. This book was released on 1972 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Invertebrate Immune Defense Mechanisms Papers by Ronald T Acton Et Al written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Invertebrate Immunity written by Karl Maramorosch and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Invertebrate Immunity: Mechanisms of Invertebrate Vector-Parasite Relations consists of chapters presented at a workshop on invertebrate defense mechanisms, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health and held in Bethesda, Maryland, on April 17 and 18, 1974. Organized into four parts, having a total of 24 chapters, this book first discusses the barrier imposed by the gut of invertebrates to invading parasites. It then centers on the role of invertebrate hemocytes and other phagocytic cells in immunity, as well as the humoral defense mechanisms of these organisms. Other topics discussed include parasite encapsulation in insects, role of melanin in host-parasite interaction, and use of host hormones by insect parasites to make the host environment favorable for their growth and development. This book will be essential for those interested in comparative immunology and in invertebrate immune responses. It will be of special interest to entomologists, protozoologists, physicians, veterinarians, ecologists, pathologists, research workers, science teachers, and graduate students.
Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Invertebrate Immune Responses written by Edwin L. Cooper and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: E. L. Cooper The Immunodefense System Because invertebrates are exceedingly diverse and numerous, estimates reveal nearly 2 million species classified in more than 20 phyla from unicellular organisms up to the complex, multicellular protostomes and deuterostomes. It is not surprising to find less diverse defense/immune responses whose effector mechanisms remain to be completely elucidated. Of course, I am not advocating that the few of us devoted to analyzing invertebrate immunity attempt the Herculean task of examining all these species to uncover some kind of unique response! As these two volumes will reveal, we are doing fairly well in examining in depth only the most miniscule examples of invertebrates, some of which have great effects on human populations such as edible crustaceans or insect pests. This is in striking contrast to the mass of information on the mammalian immune response which has been derived essentially from the mouse, a member of one phylum, Vertebrata, an approach, reductionist to be sure, but one that has served well both the technological and conceptual advances of immunology as a disci pline. The essential framework of immunology, the overwhelming burst of results since the 1960s, have emanated primarily from this single animal. We should not forget the thymus and the bird's bursa of Fabricius, without which we might have been slower to recognize the bipartite T /B system.
Download or read book Immunity in Invertebrates written by M. Brehelin and published by Springer. This book was released on 1986-03 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1822, E. Metchnikoff discovered phagocytosis while he was studying starfish larvae. The following year, while carrying out experiments on Daphnia (Crustacea), the same author demonstrated the scale of the phe nomen in the defence of the organism. Finally, between 1891 and 1910, L. Cuenot was the first to reveal lymphoid organs, in crustaceans and in sects; some of these organs playa role in both phagocytosis and inhaema topoieses. With rare exceptions, research into defence reactions in invertebrates was meagre in quantity and sometimes meagre in quality from then until the mid-1960's. The renewal of interest in the subject over the past few years is now well established, and invertebrates are no longer the poor re lation of immunity research. Three of the many reasons which have been found to account for this renewal of interest can be stressed. One concerns the preoccupations of fundamental research and the other two are associated with applied re search. Firstly, there is hope of fmding defence mechanisms in inverte brates that are new (or not yet known) or of using phylogenesis to fmd explanations for phenomena in vertebrates which are still unaccounted for.
Download or read book Defence Mechanisms written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gives a description of the strategies for survival of an extensive range of organisms. The defence mechanisms of micro-organisms, plants, invertebrates and vertebrates are described. The text predominantly focusses on the cellular and molecular mechanisms used by organisms to protect themselves against biotic and abiotic stresses. The need for a cost effective training scheme for new and existing staff at all levels has been met by the University of Greenwich (formerly Thames Polytechnic) and the Open University of the Netherlands. As part of the Community Education and Technology Training initiative (COMETT) and in conjunction with a number of UK and european universities, they have developed BIOTOL, a training scheme in biotechnology using open learning material which will provide tailor-made courses, flexible in context, pace and place.
Download or read book Innate Immunity of Plants Animals and Humans written by Holger Heine and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-07 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has been cunningly designed to provide an overview of our current knowledge about the innate immune systems of these three types of organisms. It not only covers the innate immune mechanisms and responses of such diverse organisms as plants, Cnidaria, Drosophila, urochordates and zebrafish, but also the major receptor systems in mammalians and humans. It delves too into the central defense mechanisms, antimicrobial peptides and the complement system.
Download or read book Invertebrate Immunity written by Kenneth Söderhäll and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-28 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It can be seen that the insects are the still attracting most research and researchers. However, an increasing interest is emerging to study new invertebrate groups, especially those where the genome is known. Even though Drosophila has been and still is an excellent model for immune studies, it is now clear that there are great differences between immune responses in Drosophila and that of several other invertebrates, which indeed calls for more research on other invertebrates
Download or read book Janeway s Immunobiology written by Kenneth Murphy and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2010-06-22 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Janeway's Immunobiology CD-ROM, Immunobiology Interactive, is included with each book, and can be purchased separately. It contains animations and videos with voiceover narration, as well as the figures from the text for presentation purposes.
Download or read book Invertebrate Immune Responses written by Lee A. Bulla Jr. and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This represents the third volume of the series entitled Comparative PathobioZogy. The chapters included represent the proceedings of a symposium held at Oregon State University, Corvallis, on August 16-22, 1975. The symposium was co-sponsored by the Society for Invertebrate Pathology (SIP) and the American Society of Zoologists (ASZ). In recent years there has been an impressive increase in interest in comparative immunology, i. e. , a comparative approach to understanding how animals, both vertebrates and invertebrates, defend themselves against nonself materials. Ever since Metchnikoff's pioneering studies during the late l800s on the role of phagocytes of invertebrates, which led to his theory of cellular immunity, invertebrates have been employed with increasing fre quency for studying cellular defense. Consequently, it is not surprising that included in the memberships of SIP and ASZ are a large number of individuals with an active interest in this area of research. As indicated by the chapters included in this volume, the animal models employed have been primarily molluscs and insects, although crustaceans and annelids have also been popular.
Download or read book Insect Immunology written by Nancy E. Beckage and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-04-28 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is the first book-length publication on the topic of insect immunology since 1991, complementing earlier works by offering a fresh perspective on current research. Interactions of host immune systems with both parasites and pathogens are presented in detail, as well as the genomics and proteomics, approaches which have been lacking in other publications. Beckage provides comprehensive coverage of topics important to medical researchers, including Drosophila as a model for studying cellular and humoral immune mechanisms, biochemical mediators of immunity, and insect blood cells and their functions. - Encompasses the most important topics of insect immunology including mechanisms, genes, proteins, evolution and phylogeny - Provides comprehensive coverage of topics important to medical researchers including Drosophila as a model for studying cellular and humoral immune mechanisms, biochemical mediators of immunity, and insect blood cells and their functions - Most up-to-date information published with contributions from international leaders in the field
Download or read book Invertebrate Immune Responses written by E.L. Cooper and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: E. L. Cooper In Volume 23 we considered, in seven chapters, the basic armamentarium of the invertebrate immune system and its cells, as well as an analysis of antigens, setting the stage for the initiation of an immune response. We studied cell products, natural or induced, as revealed by nonspecific and specific responses following antigenic challenge such as the pro phenol oxidase system, the lytic responses, the Ig superfamily, and the place this family offers invertebrates and insect hemolymph proteins as candidates for membership. At this point, these various topics seemed to converge, almost to overlap, in some instances, presenting a challenge as to how to move from one subject to another. Chapter 1, in this volume offers the bridge to Volume 23 and its final Chapter 7. This Volume 24 contains contributions pertaining to cell activities and the environment. Chapters 1-4 refer specifically to interactions between cells and the integration of cell activities. The focus is on a functional immune system, with antigenic challenge as a subtopic. In Chapters 5-7, the environment is considered from several points of view and the main subtopic here is the result of the consequences of connections and missed signals. The internal and external environments are treated, revealing what may happen when normal immune responses are interfered with. All this is integrated by the consideration of the three great regulatory systems, the ever-present network that somehow acts as the monitor or control for all incoming and outgoing signals.
Download or read book Invertebrate Immunology written by B. Rinkevich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The biological bases of invertebrate immune responses have interested scientists for decades, from the first relevant observation by E. Metchnikoff in 1882, who discovered phagocytosis while studying starfish larvae. Invertebrate immunology first began to be appre ciated as an important field in the late 1960s and 1970s. However, in the following years there was much controversy regarding the question: do invertebrates offer insight into the origin of the sophisticated immune responses of the vertebrates? There are several reasons why progress in research on invertebrate immune competence has been painfully slow. One of the main impediments to the progress, as compared to the fast development of knowledge in the vertebrate systems, was the fact that most of the studies concentrated on "whole organism" assays, mainly on grafting tissues between allogeneic partners. Only in the last few years have more and more aspects of invertebrate immunity been investigated on the cellular, biochemical and molecular levels. These studies led to discoveries of novel defense reactions, new pathways of effector mechanisms which are elicited after recognition of "nonself', and complex, sometimes highly polymorphic genetic elements that control invertebrate immune reactions. The importance of invertebrate immunity for understanding "immunology" as a whole, despite the conflicting models and hypotheses, is now much more recognized than before. Although most of the 20 phyla belonging to the inver tebrates have different modes of life, body organizations, habitats occupied, and biochemical patterns, they show striking aspects of exceptional precision for discriminating between self and nonself.
Download or read book Invertebrate Immune Responses written by and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-12-22 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: E. L. Cooper The Immunodefense System Because invertebrates are exceedingly diverse and numerous, estimates reveal nearly 2 million species classified in more than 20 phyla from unicellular organisms up to the complex, multicellular protostomes and deuterostomes. It is not surprising to find less diverse defense/immune responses whose effector mechanisms remain to be completely elucidated. Of course, I am not advocating that the few of us devoted to analyzing invertebrate immunity attempt the Herculean task of examining all these species to uncover some kind of unique response! As these two volumes will reveal, we are doing fairly well in examining in depth only the most miniscule examples of invertebrates, some of which have great effects on human populations such as edible crustaceans or insect pests. This is in striking contrast to the mass of information on the mammalian immune response which has been derived essentially from the mouse, a member of one phylum, Vertebrata, an approach, reductionist to be sure, but one that has served well both the technological and conceptual advances of immunology as a disci pline. The essential framework of immunology, the overwhelming burst of results since the 1960s, have emanated primarily from this single animal. We should not forget the thymus and the bird's bursa of Fabricius, without which we might have been slower to recognize the bipartite T /B system.
Download or read book Immunology of Annelids written by Martin Bilej and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1993-12-16 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immunology of Annelids provides a state-of-the-art review of the biological and biochemical processes involved in defense reactions of annelids. The book covers phylogeny, taxonomy, and fundamental body structure to provide basic information essential to developing a full understanding of the defense system of an organism. Physiological aspects of the relationship between the immune systems and cells and their limitations are discussed in detail, and the role of cells in cellular defense, transplantation, and humoral defenses is explained. The importance of annelids and their defense reaction from the phylogenetic standpoint is examined in a chapter comparing vertebrate and invertebrate defense strategies. Immunology of Annelids is a practical reference for cell biologists, immunologists, evolutionary and developmental biologists, and other researchers who need insight into the development and hierarchy of immune reactions.
Download or read book Evolutionary Mechanisms of Defense Reactions written by Václav Větvička and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: References.- Animals at the cell-aggregate body organization.- Porifera.- Humoral immunity.- Cellular immunity.- Conclusions.- References.- Diblastic animals.- Coelenterata.- Humoral immunity.- Cellular immunity.- The immune phenomena characteristics.- Conclusions.- References.- Protostomes.- Annelida.- The evolutionary significance of metamery and the coelom.- The cells.- The origin.- Humoral immunity.- Adaptive humoral immunity.- Cellular immunity.- Phagocytosis.- Cytotoxic reactions.- Transplantation reaction.- Adaptive cellular defense reactions.- Conclusions.- References.- Arthropoda.- References.- Chelicerata.- The cells and structures engaged in the immune reactions.- Humoral immunity.- Cellular immunity.- References.- Crustacea.- Hemopoitic structures.- Humoral immunity.- Cellular immunity.- References.- Insecta.- Blood cells.- Hemopoietic structures and their possible relevance to immunity.- Humoral immunity.- Inducible antibacterial peptides.- Cellular immunology.- Phagocytosis.- Encapsulation.- Transplantation immunity.- References.- Mollusca.- The hemopoietic tissues and organs.- The gastropods.- The bivalves.- The cephalopods.- Humoral immunity.- Cellular immunity.- Conclusions.- References.- Deuterostomes.- Echinodermata.- The coelomic derivatives of echinoderms and their possible role in immunity.- The immune significance of coelomic tubular and perivisceral systems.- The water vascular, hemal and perihemal systems.- Perivisceral coelom.- Other structures engaged in the immunity.- Humoral immunity.- Cellular immunity.- Regeneration.- Conclusions.- References.- Chordates/Urochordata.- The anatomical features of ascidians in regard to their possible immune significance.- The immune significance of the pharyngeal region.- Other structures engaged in the immunity.- The lymph nodules.- Body wall.- The neural gland.- Humoral immunity.- Cellular immunity.- Conclusions.- References.- Chordates/Vertebrates/Agnatha.- Origin.- The immunocompetent tissues and organs.- The possible thymus equivalent lymphoid structures of pharyngeal region.- The gut-associated lymphoid structures considered to be equivalent to the spleen.- Lymphoid tissues with the poietic capability supposed to be equivalent to bone marrow.- Other lymphohemopoietic tissues.- Humoral immunity.- Specific humoral immunity.- Cellular immunity.- References.- Chordates/Vertebrates/Chondrichthyes.- Origins.- The immunocompetent tissues and organs of chondrichthyans.- The thymus.- The spleen.- The gut-associated lymphoid tissue.- The immunocompetent tissues and organs of chondrichthyans comparable to the bone marrow.- The Leydig's organ.- Epigonal organs.- The lymphomyeloid structures of cranial region.- The kidney.- Development of lymphohemopoiesis in elasmobranchs.- Humoral immunity.- Specific humoral immunity.- Cellular immunity.- Specific cellular immunity.- Conclusions.- References.- Chordates/Vertebrates /Osteichthyes.- Origins.- The immunocompetent tissues and organs of osteichthyans.- The thymus.- The spleen.- The gut-associated lymphoid tissue.- The immunocompetent tissues and organs of osteichthyans comparable to the bone marrow.- The kidney.- Other structures.- Cells.- B Lymphocytes.- T Lymphocytes.- MHC Antigens.- Nonspecific humoral immunity.- Specific humoral immunity.- Nonspecific cellular immunity.- Cytokines.- Transplantation.- Cytotoxicity.- Cellular cooperation.- Conclusions.- References.- General conclusions.- References.
