Download or read book Inventories Stock outs and Production Smoothing written by Andrew B. Abel and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If stock-outs are ignored and if demand shocks are additive, then optimal behavior requires that the marginal cost of production (MC) be equated with the expected marginal revenue of increasing expected sales by one unit (EMR). However, with more general demand shocks (and still ignoring stock-outs), the excess of MC over EMP has the same signas the covariance of the slope of the demand curve and the marginal valuation of inventory. The equality of EMR and MC is also broken by taking account of stock-outs, even if demand shocks are additive. If there is a production lag, then taking account of stock-outs implies that optimal behavior will be characterized by production smoothing even if the cost of production is linear. Two alternative definitions of production smoothing are presented and optimal behavior in the presence of stock-outs displays each type of smoothing

Download or read book Production Planning and Inventory Control written by John F. Magee and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Production and Inventory Management written by Donald W. Fogarty and published by Thomson South-Western. This book was released on 1983 with total page 738 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an excellent source for professionals preparing for professional certification examinations. This new edition has been significantly reorganizsed to reflect more closely the organisation of professional certification exams. Discussion follows the step-by-step decision-making process, including topics such as: establishment of management objectives, long-, medium-, and short-range planning, execution, and control. It also features increased emphasis on tactical and technological considerations.

Download or read book Can the Production Smoothing Model of Inventory Behavior be Saved written by Alan S. Blinder and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The production smoothing model of inventory behavior has a long and venerable history, and theoretical foundations which seem very strong. Yet certain overwhelming facts seem not only to defy explanation within the production smoothing framework, but actually to argue that the basic idea of production smoothing is all wrong. Most prominent wnong these is the fact that the variance of detrended production exceeds the variance of detrended sales. This paper first documents the stylized facts. Then it derives the production smoothing model rigorously and explains how the model can be amended to make it consistent with the facts. Next, estimates of stock adjustment equations derived from the theory are presented and evaluated. Finally, it reviews the theoretical and empirical evidence and tries to drawsome tentative conclusions.

Download or read book Best Practice in Inventory Management written by Antony Wild and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1997 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A groundbreaking, up-to-date look at the Best Practice in Inventory Management "This book is aimed to show how good inventory control can be used in practice. It is a result of working continuously on inventory control with a large number of companies over many years. It contains the distilled techniques which have been tried out and proved to work. . . . [It] is a driver's manual of inventory controllers. It will cover the working of the engine (how inventory control techniques work), how to use the controls (what the techniques do and how to manage them), and how to get the best out of the vehicle (how to optimize inventory). Understand the text and it will show the way to guaranteed improved inventory control, reduced stock levels, and higher availability."—from the Preface "The development of inventory management is a dynamic activity, with new approaches being made, techniques being refined, and new challenges being met. . . . It is imperative that [these] challenges are met, since continuing competitiveness is based on ever-improving customer service and ever-reducing inventory costs."—from the text As a vital function of an organization's operational structure, effective inventory management is key to improving a company's customer service, cash flow, and ultimately, its profitability margin. While it may sound simple, it is, in fact, far more complex than most managers perceive, requiring very specific knowledge and understanding. It is based upon a framework of unique tools and techniques essential to achieving complete success. Best Practice in Inventory Management gives you these essentials, with in-depth coverage of the latest practices in the field. The book delivers a wealth of solid solutions for lowering inventory overhead, bettering customer relations, and increasing productivity and performance. An ideal reference for APICS certification candidates, as well as participants in training programs, this authoritative resource outlines basic techniques, describes how and where to apply them, and explains how to ensure their effective implementation. The techniques are placed within the context of stores operations, which can be applied in a variety of situations, from manufacturing and distribution to warehousing, consumable stores, and spares and service. Best Practice in Inventory Management follows a logical progression, beginning with targets and moving forward through inventory structuring, individual item control, and coordination. In the process, it probes cutting-edge strategies, including Pareto analysis, Just in Time (JIT), and Material Requirements Planning (MRP), and offers a rational approach to the risks of stockouts. Aided by a host of new applications, practical methods, and real-world examples, you'll learn to implement a variety of processes vital to inventory structure and control. From effective stock monitoring to forecasting, setting, and assessing stock level guidelines, this book outlines the crucial steps in having suitable product available at an acceptable price and within a reasonable timescale.

Download or read book Two Studies of Inventory Investment written by Valerie Ann Ramey and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Seasonality Cost Shocks and the Production Smoothing Model of Inventories written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A great deal of research on the empirical behavior of inventories examines some variant of the production smoothing model of finished goods inventories. The overall assessment of this model that exists in the literature is quite negative: there is little evidence that manufacturers hold inventories of finished goods in order to smooth production patterns. This paper examines whether this negative assessment of the model is due to one or both of two features: costs shocks and seasonal fluctuations. The reason for considering costs shocks is that if firms are buffeted more by cost shocks than demand shocks, production should optimally be more variable than sales. The reasons for considering seasonal fluctuations are that seasonal fluctuations account for a major portion of the variance in production and sales, that seasonal fluctuations are precisely the kinds of fluctuations that producers should most easily smooth, and that seasonally adjusted data is likely to produce spurious rejections of the production smoothing model even when it is correct. We integrate cost shocks and seasonal fluctuations into the analysis of the production smoothing model in three steps. First, we present a general production smoothing model of inventory investment that is consistent with both seasonal and non-seasonal fluctuations in production, sales, and inventories. The model allows for both observable and unobservable changes in marginal costs. Second, we estimate this model using both seasonally adjusted and seasonally unadjusted data plus seasonal dummies. The goal here is to determine whether the incorrect use of seasonally adjusted data has been responsible for the rejections of the production smoothing model reported in previous studies. The third part of our approach is to explicitly examine the seasonal movements in the data. We test whether the residual from an Euler equation is uncorrelated with the seasonal component of contemporaneous sales. Even if unobservable seasonal cost shocks make the seasonal v.

Download or read book Constrained Inventory Rules for Production Smoothing written by PETER R. WINTERS and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Production smoothing means planning production levels for a factory that cut down the peaks and build up the valleys in translating sales into production. The term is usually used for a factory that manufactures to finished goods inventory; one of the principal reasons for the existence of this inventory is that it allows smoothing. When sales are low, the factory maintains its production level and builds up inventory, from which it will deliver when sales are at a peak. If inventory decisions are to be made sensibly, they must be consistent with aggregate factory plans; at the same time, aggregate plans must take into account how total production and inventory will be distributed among individual products. A method is presented which illustrates how it is possible, by limiting the extent of a constraint, to make nearly optimal decisions in a very simple way. Cost comparisons between the optimal and near-optimal methods are shown in graphs. (Author).

Download or read book Scientific Inventory Management written by Joseph Buchan and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Induced Seasonality and Production smoothing Models of Inventory Behavior written by Spencer D. Krane and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book On Saving the Production Smoothing Model of Inventory Behavior written by C. Y. Cyrus Chu and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Rational Expectations Equilibrium Inventory Model written by Tryphon Kollintzas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume consists of six essays that develop and/or apply "rational expectations equilibrium inventory models" to study the time series behavior of production, sales, prices, and inventories at the industry level. By "rational expectations equilibrium inventory model" I mean the extension of the inventory model of Holt, Modigliani, Muth, and Simon (1960) to account for: (i) discounting, (ii) infinite horizon planning, (iii) observed and unobserved by the "econometrician" stochastic shocks in the production, factor adjustment, storage, and backorders management processes of firms, as well as in the demand they face for their products; and (iv) rational expectations. As is well known according to the Holt et al. model firms hold inventories in order to: (a) smooth production, (b) smooth production changes, and (c) avoid stockouts. Following the work of Zabel (1972), Maccini (1976), Reagan (1982), and Reagan and Weitzman (1982), Blinder (1982) laid the foundations of the rational expectations equilibrium inventory model. To the three reasons for holding inventories in the model of Holt et al. was added (d) optimal pricing. Moreover, the popular "accelerator" or "partial adjustment" inventory behavior equation of Lovell (1961) received its microfoundations and thus overcame the "Lucas critique of econometric modelling.

Download or read book Production Smoothing and Inventory Control written by Martin J. Beckman and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A dynamic model for production smoothing and inventory control with stochastic demand written by Shyam L. Moondra and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Some Empirical Evidence on the Production Level and Production Cost Smoothing Models of Inventory Investment written by Martin S. Eichenbaum and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The production smoothing model of inventories has long been the basic paradigm within which empirical research on inventories has been conducted The basic hypothesis embedded In this model IS that inventories of finished goods serve primarily to smooth production levels in the face of fluctuating demand and convex cost functions. However once we allow for shocks to technology and the costs of producing output firms will also use inventories to shift production from periods in which production costs are relatively high to periods in which production costs are relatively low. In this sense inventories can serve to smooth production costs rather production levels. In this paper we examine the empirical plausibility of the production level and production cost smoothing models of inventories. Our basic strategy is to derive and contrast a set of unconditional moment restrictions Implied by these models in a way that minimizes the role of auxiliary assumptions regarding market structure and Industry demand. We find overwhelming evidence against the production level smoothing model and very little evidence against the production cost smoothing mode1 We conclude that the variance of production exceeds the variance of sales in most manufacturing industries because the production cost smoothing role of inventories is quantitatively more important than the production level smoothing role of inventories

Download or read book Production Smoothing and Inventory Control written by Martin Beckmann and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Production Smoothing and Inventory Behaviour written by Moheb Ghali and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: