Download or read book Interventions To Improve Cardiovascular Risk Factors in People With Serious Mental Illness written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Interventions to Improve Cardiovascular Risk Factors in People with Serious Mental Illness written by U. S. Department of Health and Human Services and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-07 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Serious mental illness (SMI) is defined generally as a major mental or behavioral disorder, causing substantial impairment in multiple areas of daily functioning. SMI affects about 4 to 8 percent of adults and includes disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder but not isolated substance abuse or developmental disorders. Individuals with SMI have shortened life expectancies relative to the general population to an extent that is not explained by suicide and accidents alone. This population experiences higher rates of morbidity from multiple general medical conditions, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Among patients using the public mental health system, heart disease was the leading cause of death. This excess of CVD-related mortality may be due to a number of factors, including direct effects of the illness, medications used to treat SMI, modifiable behavioral risk factors, and disparities in access and quality of health care. The review was designed to evaluate strategies to improve CVD risk factors in adults with SMI. SMI has been defined variously by different groups over time. For the purposes of this evidence review, people with SMI are defined as individuals who have: (1) schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (or other related primary psychotic disorder), (2) bipolar disorder, or (3) current major depression with psychotic features. We also included studies that enrolled adults with SMI or severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI) but did not specify diagnoses. The KQs considered in this comparative effectiveness review were: KQ 1: What is the effectiveness of weight-management behavioral interventions (e.g., behavioral counseling, health education), peer or family support interventions, pharmacological treatments (e.g., orlistat, topiramate), antipsychotic medication–-switching to an antipsychotic with a low or neutral impact on weight, or their combination on weight control and related physical health outcomes (e.g., health-related quality of life, mortality) compared with each other or with usual care (or other control) among adults with serious mental illness (SMI) who are overweight, obese, or taking antipsychotics? KQ 2: What is the effectiveness of diabetes-management behavioral interventions (e.g., behavioral counseling, health education), peer or family support interventions, pharmacological treatments (e.g., rosiglitazone, metformin), antipsychotic medication–switching to an antipsychotic with a low or neutral impact on glucose level, or their combination on glucose level control and related physical health outcomes (e.g., health-related quality of life, mortality) compared with each other or with usual care (or other control) among adults with SMI who have diabetes or are taking antipsychotics? KQ 3: What is the effectiveness of dyslipidemia-management behavioral interventions (e.g., behavioral counseling, health education), peer or family support interventions, pharmacological treatments (e.g., statins), antipsychotic medication–switching to an antipsychotic with a low or neutral impact on lipid levels, or their combination on lipid-level control and related physical health outcomes (e.g., health-related quality of life, mortality) compared with each other or with usual care (or other control) among adults with SMI who have dyslipidemia or are taking antipsychotics? KQ 4: What is the effectiveness of multicondition lifestyle interventions (e.g., combinations of smoking cessation, physical activity, and nutrition counseling with or without medication management) on cardiovascular risk factors and related physical health outcomes (e.g., health related quality of life, mortality) among adults with SMI who have cardiovascular disease, elevated cardiovascular risk (e.g., hypertension), or are taking antipsychotics?
Download or read book Interventions to Improve Cardiovascular Risk Factors in People with Serious Mental Illness written by Jennifer M. Gierisch and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OBJECTIVES: Individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) have excess mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and high rates of CVD risk factors such as diabetes, obesity, and hyperlipidemia. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate interventions to improve CVD risk factors in adults with SMI. DATA SOURCES: We searched PubMed(r), Embase(r), PsycINFO(r), and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for English-language trials published since 1980 that evaluated patient-focused behavioral interventions, peer or family support interventions, pharmacological treatments, and multicondition lifestyle interventions, or their combination, that targeted weight control, glucose levels, lipid levels, or CVD risk profile among adults with SMI at elevated risk of CVD. REVIEW METHODS: Two investigators screened each abstract and full-text article for inclusion, abstracted data, and performed quality ratings, efficacy-effectiveness ratings, and evidence grading. Qualitative and quantitative methods, using random-effects models, were used to summarize results. RESULTS: Of 35 eligible studies, most enrolled patients with schizophrenia who were prescribed antipsychotics. Most studies were designed to control weight (n=28); one study specifically addressed diabetes management, none targeted hyperlipidemia, and three were multicondition interventions. Most studies were efficacy trials comparing behavioral interventions with control; none evaluated peer and family support. There were few direct comparisons of active interventions; effects on overall CVD risk, physical functioning, or cardiovascular events were reported rarely. Compared with controls, behavioral interventions (mean difference [MD] 3.13 kg; 95% CI, 4.21 to 2.05), metformin (MD 4.13 kg; CI, 6.58 to 1.68), the anticonvulsive medications topiramate and zonisamide (MD 5.11kg; CI, 9.48 to 0.74), and adjunctive or antipsychotic switching to aripiprazole improved weight control. However, aripiprazole switching may be associated with higher rates of treatment failure. Nizatidine did not improve any outcome. The evidence was insufficient for all other interventions and effects on glucose and lipid control. CONCLUSIONS: Few studies have evaluated interventions to address one or more CVD risk factors in patients with SMI. Comparative effectiveness studies are needed to test multimodal strategies, agents known to be effective in non-SMI populations, and antipsychotic-management strategies.
Download or read book Reducing Risks for Mental Disorders written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The understanding of how to reduce risk factors for mental disorders has expanded remarkably as a result of recent scientific advances. This study, mandated by Congress, reviews those advances in the context of current research and provides a targeted definition of prevention and a conceptual framework that emphasizes risk reduction. Highlighting opportunities for and barriers to interventions, the book draws on successful models for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, injuries, and smoking. In addition, it reviews the risk factors associated with Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, alcohol abuse and dependence, depressive disorders, and conduct disorders and evaluates current illustrative prevention programs. The models and examination provide a framework for the design, application, and evaluation of interventions intended to prevent mental disorders and the transfer of knowledge about prevention from research to clinical practice. The book presents a focused research agenda, with recommendations on how to develop effective intervention programs, create a cadre of prevention researchers, and improve coordination among federal agencies.
Download or read book The Psychology of Cardiovascular Illness written by Mark P. Blanchard and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-03-17 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important book shows those working with clinical populations how to develop an understanding of the psychology of patients with cardiovascular problems to support appropriate medical care. An understanding of the psychological underpinnings of physical illness can alter the way clinicians conceptualize their patients and the communities they serve. Based on the latest research, this book offers suggestions about how to approach cardiovascular disease holistically in multidisciplinary medical settings with competence and professionalism in mind. With the escalating prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, this book flags the importance of understanding the psychological mechanisms at play in affected patients, highlighting the multifactorial pathways that lead to the development of physical health maladies and comorbid psychopathology. It describes the bidirectional relationship of cardiovascular disease with personality pathology and offers best practices in interacting between primary care, cardiology, psychologists, and other allied professionals. It also provides specific instruction about how to navigate the relationship with medical doctors while illustrating the unique ethical challenges or limitations of the health psychologist working with patients, their families, and providers in clinical practice. Moreover, it includes coverage of treatment plans taking into consideration individual differences in age, health status, and culture. This book will be of interest to anyone interested in furthering their knowledge about the complex interplay between cardiovascular problems and mental health conditions, especially clinical health psychologists who collaborate with social workers, primary care physicians, cardiologists, and surgeons alike.
Download or read book Comorbidity of Mental and Physical Disorders written by N. Sartorius and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2014-11-26 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication presents evidence about the magnitude and severe consequences of comorbidity of mental and physical illnesses from a personal and societal perspective. Leading experts address the huge burden of co-morbidity to the affected individual as well as the public health aspects, the costs to society and interaction with factors stemming from the context of socioeconomic developments. The authors discuss the clinical challenge of managing cardiovascular illnesses, cancer, infectious diseases and other physical illness when they occur with a range of mental and behavioral disorders, including substance abuse, eating disorders and anxiety. Also covered are the organization of health services, the training of different categories of health personnel and the multidisciplinary engagement necessary to prevent and manage comorbidity effectively. The book is essential reading for general practitioners, internists, public health specialists, psychiatrists, cardiologists, oncologists, medical educationalists and other health care professionals.
Download or read book Health and Wellness in People Living With Serious Mental Illness written by Patrick W. Corrigan, Psy.D. and published by American Psychiatric Pub. This book was released on 2021-03-03 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "People with serious mental illness get sick and die 10-20 years younger, compared to others in their same age cohort. The reasons, and possible interventions, are many, but further research is necessary for the continued development and evaluation of strategies to combat the health challenges faced by these patients. In thoroughly describing community-based participatory research (CBPR)-an approach that includes people in a community as partners in all facets of research, rather than just the subjects of that research-Health and Wellness in People Living With Serious Mental Illness provides a template for continued study. It is through this lens that this volume examines the health and concerns of people with mental illness, as well as possible solutions to these health problems. Through multiple case vignettes, the book delves into the challenges of health and wellness for people with mental illness, summarizing the research on mortality and morbidity in this group, as well as information about the status quo on wellness, and offers a grounded, real-world illustration of CBPR in practice"--
Download or read book The Social Determinants of Mental Health written by Michael T. Compton and published by American Psychiatric Pub. This book was released on 2015-04-01 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Social Determinants of Mental Health aims to fill the gap that exists in the psychiatric, scholarly, and policy-related literature on the social determinants of mental health: those factors stemming from where we learn, play, live, work, and age that impact our overall mental health and well-being. The editors and an impressive roster of chapter authors from diverse scholarly backgrounds provide detailed information on topics such as discrimination and social exclusion; adverse early life experiences; poor education; unemployment, underemployment, and job insecurity; income inequality, poverty, and neighborhood deprivation; food insecurity; poor housing quality and housing instability; adverse features of the built environment; and poor access to mental health care. This thought-provoking book offers many beneficial features for clinicians and public health professionals: Clinical vignettes are included, designed to make the content accessible to readers who are primarily clinicians and also to demonstrate the practical, individual-level applicability of the subject matter for those who typically work at the public health, population, and/or policy level. Policy implications are discussed throughout, designed to make the content accessible to readers who work primarily at the public health or population level and also to demonstrate the policy relevance of the subject matter for those who typically work at the clinical level. All chapters include five to six key points that focus on the most important content, helping to both prepare the reader with a brief overview of the chapter's main points and reinforce the "take-away" messages afterward. In addition to the main body of the book, which focuses on selected individual social determinants of mental health, the volume includes an in-depth overview that summarizes the editors' and their colleagues' conceptualization, as well as a final chapter coauthored by Dr. David Satcher, 16th Surgeon General of the United States, that serves as a "Call to Action," offering specific actions that can be taken by both clinicians and policymakers to address the social determinants of mental health. The editors have succeeded in the difficult task of balancing the individual/clinical/patient perspective and the population/public health/community point of view, while underscoring the need for both groups to work in a unified way to address the inequities in twenty-first century America. The Social Determinants of Mental Health gives readers the tools to understand and act to improve mental health and reduce risk for mental illnesses for individuals and communities. Students preparing for the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) will also benefit from this book, as the MCAT in 2015 will test applicants' knowledge of social determinants of health. The social determinants of mental health are not distinct from the social determinants of physical health, although they deserve special emphasis given the prevalence and burden of poor mental health.
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 5 written by Dorairaj Prabhakaran and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-17 with total page 948 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cardiovascular, respiratory, and related conditions cause more than 40 percent of all deaths globally, and their substantial burden is rising, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Their burden extends well beyond health effects to include significant economic and societal consequences. Most of these conditions are related, share risk factors, and have common control measures at the clinical, population, and policy levels. Lives can be extended and improved when these diseases are prevented, detected, and managed. This volume summarizes current knowledge and presents evidence-based interventions that are effective, cost-effective, and scalable in LMICs.
Download or read book First Episode Psychosis written by Katherine J. Aitchison and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-02-17 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new edition of this popular handbook has been thoroughly updated to include the latest data concerning treatment of first-episode patients. Drawing from their experience, the authors discuss the presentation and assessment of the first psychotic episode and review the appropriate use of antipsychotic agents and psychosocial approaches in effective management.
Download or read book Lifestyle Psychiatry written by Douglas L. Noordsy, M.D. and published by American Psychiatric Pub. This book was released on 2019-04-08 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With chapters that focus on developing a robust therapeutic alliance and inspiring patients to assume responsibility for their own well-being, this guide provides a framework for lasting, sustainable lifestyle changes.
Download or read book Mosby s Pocketbook of Mental Health written by Eimear Muir-Cochrane and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2010-04-20 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mosby's Pocketbook of Mental Health is a convenient, user-friendly resource for all health professionals. The potency of this text is in its easily accessible format which offers clear, concise guidance to students on clinical placements and practitioners. In sum a 'one stop shop' for essential knowledge and skills backed up by the latest scientific evidence. The text is consumer centred and context specific with practical advice supported by internationally accepted standards of evidence. Dot points, diagrams and tables are used to provide straightforward, readable, accessible, hands on material. Mosby's Pocketbook of Mental Health will complement a core text and offer a quick reference in clinical practice. - Bullet point layout for easy readability - Clear, concise presentation of information - Pocket-book sized to be taken on clinical rotation - Case Studies derived from a clinical setting to assist the reader link theory and practice - Figures and tables to clearly communicate current trends within the mental health sector - Multidisciplinary approach to illustrate the breadth and context of mental issues - Provides a framework for informative clinical decisions
Download or read book Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease written by Michael J. Wilkinson and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-13 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses all aspects of non-pharmacologic approaches to primary and secondary CVD prevention. It highlights the strength of evidence for particular diet styles in CVD prevention, including plant-based diets, the Mediterranean diet, the DASH diet, and low-carbohydrate diets. Chapters present evidence and future directions for diet and nutrition in diseases related to CVD, such as dyslipidemia, cardiometabolic disease (pre-diabetes, the metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes mellitus), and obesity. Finally, the book reviews novel and emerging aspects of dietary intervention in CVD prevention, such as dietary approaches to inflammation and the role of the microbiome in CVD. Up-to-date, evidence-based, and clinically oriented, Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease: Nutritional and Dietary Approaches is an essential resource for physicians, residents, fellows, and medical students in cardiology, clinical nutrition, family medicine, endocrinology, and lipidology.
Download or read book Effects of Care Models to Improve General Medical Outcomes for Individuals with Serious Mental Illness written by U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2013-05-29 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) have shortened life expectancies relative to the general population to an extent that is not explained by unnatural causes such as suicide or accidents. Epidemiological studies have estimated the life expectancy of individuals with schizophrenia to be 10 to 25 years less than the general population. Increased morbidity of both chronic and acute illnesses in individuals with SMI also reduces quality of life and increases the overall burden of disability beyond that of the SMI itself. SMIs have an overwhelming economic impact, as measured by direct and indirect costs, including health care costs, disability payments, lost productivity, and law enforcement costs. For example, one study estimated annual costs due to schizophrenia to be $62.7 billion annually in the U.S., and patients with bipolar disorder are estimated to have the highest total health care costs of any mental illness with up to 70 percent of these costs in non–mental health (e.g., primary care) settings. Given these issues, methods to improve general medical services for individuals with SMI is a pressing priority. The issues that influence general medical outcomes for individuals with SMI are complex and overlapping and likely vary by disease state. Relevant factors can be categorized to include population characteristics, contextual and system factors, provider factors, and community resources. Interventions aimed at improving general medical outcomes in this population could be directed at any one, or several, of these factors. The populations of individuals with SMI have consistently shown higher rates of illnesses, such as infectious disease, diabetes, respiratory illness, and cardiovascular disease, than the general population. Modifiable risk factors for poor health, such as smoking, obesity, alcohol and substance abuse, and lack of exercise, are highly prevalent in individuals with SMI—as are obstacles to optimal health care such as poverty, homelessness, and social isolation. Multiple studies show diminished guideline concordance of general medical care provided to individuals with SMI, as evidenced by reduced receipt of preventive medical services and lower quality of chronic disease management for illnesses such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease as well as acute illnesses such as myocardial infarction. In addition, psychiatric medications can be risk factors for poor health given the association with some pharmacological treatments and medical outcomes such as increased risk of sudden death, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and weight gain. We conducted a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature to answer the following key questions (KQs): KQ 1. What types of care models have been evaluated prospectively that integrate mental health care and primary medical care with the goal of improving general medical outcomes for individuals with serious mental illness (SMI)? KQ 2. Do models of integrated care for individuals with SMI improve the process of care for preventive services (e.g., colorectal cancer screening) and chronic disease management (e.g., annual eye examination in patients with diabetes mellitus [DM])? KQ 3. (3a) Do models of integrated care for individuals with SMI improve general functional status outcomes (e.g., as measured by SF-36) or disease-specific functional status outcomes (e.g., Seattle Angina Questionnaire) related to medical care for chronic medical conditions such as DM, hypertension, or heart failure? (3b) Do models of integrated care for individuals with SMI improve clinical outcomes related to preventive services (e.g., influenza rates) and chronic medical care (e.g., kidney disease, amputations, retinopathy in patients with coexisting DM)? KQ 4. What are the gaps in evidence for determining how best to integrate care to improve general medical outcomes for individuals with SMI?
Download or read book How to Implement Evidence Based Healthcare written by Trisha Greenhalgh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-05-23 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: British Medical Association Book Award Winner - President's Award of the Year 2018 From the author of the bestselling introduction to evidence-based medicine, this brand new title makes sense of the complex and confusing landscape of implementation science, the role of research impact, and how to avoid research waste. How to Implement Evidence-Based Healthcare clearly and succinctly demystifies the implementation process, and explains how to successfully apply evidence-based healthcare to practice in order to ensure safe and effective practice. Written in an engaging and practical style, it includes frameworks, tools and techniques for successful implementation and behavioural change, as well as in-depth coverage and analysis of key themes and topics with a focus on: Groups and teams Organisations Patients Technology Policy Networks and systems How to Implement Evidence-Based Healthcare is essential reading for students, clinicians and researchers focused on evidence-based medicine and healthcare, implementation science, applied healthcare research, and those working in public health, public policy, and management.
Download or read book Critical Inquiries for Social Justice in Mental Health written by Marina Morrow and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2017-01-01 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An exceptional showcase of interdisciplinary research, Critical Inquiries for Social Justice in Mental Health presents various critical theories, methodologies, and methods for transforming mental health research and fostering socially-just mental health practices. Marina Morrow and Lorraine Halinka Malcoe have assembled an array of international scholars, activists, and practitioners whose work exposes and disrupts the dominant neoliberal and individualist practices found in contemporary mental research, policy, and practice. The contributors employ a variety of methodologies including intersectional, decolonizing, indigenous, feminist, post-structural, transgender, queer, and critical realist approaches in order to interrogate the manifestation of power relations in mental health systems and its impact on people with mental distress. Additionally, the contributors enable the reader to reimagine systems and supports designed from the bottom up, in which the people most affected have decision-making authority over their formations. Critical Inquiries for Social Justice in Mental Health demonstrates why and how theory matters for knowledge production, policy, and practice in mental health, and it creates new imaginings of decolonized and democratized mental health systems, of abundant community-centred supports, and of a world where human differences are affirmed.
Download or read book Key Concepts in Mental Health written by David Pilgrim and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electronic Inspection Copy available for instructors here "This book wins on two levels: not only is there an extensive range of concepts presented (including some that are unexpected yet clearly relevant), there is also a succinct, thorough and critical dissection of each. Recommended, if not essential, reading for all student mental health professionals." - Dr Steven Pryjmachuk, Head of Mental Health Division, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester Mental health is an area that new students and trainee practitioners often find bewildering. This book cuts through the stigma associated with this topic. It delivers bite-sized chunks of information that cover the central concepts and debates which shape contemporary views about mental health and illness. As this book shows, these key concepts not only influence our understanding of mental health, but also govern the provision of services for people with mental-health problems. Drawing together perspectives from sociology, psychiatry, psychology and ethics, the vital topics in mental health are examined in three parts: - PART ONE: Mental Health and Mental-Health Problems explores theories and understandings of mental health and illness - PART TWO: Mental Health Services looks at the structure and organization of mental health service delivery, past and present - PART THREE: Mental Health and Society studies the social context. This new edition adds 10 new concepts as well as updating the previous entries. New topics include childhood adversity, recovery, spirituality, well-being, social and cultural capital, quality of mental-health services, evidence-based practice, and work and mental health. This book will be invaluable for trainee health professionals, including clinical psychologists, social workers, nurses, counsellors and psychotherapists.
