Download or read book Interventions to Improve Breastfeeding Outcomes written by Yvonne Anthonio and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Primary Care Interventions to Support Breastfeeding written by Carrie D. Patnode and published by . This book was released on with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OBJECTIVE: We conducted this systematic review to support the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) in updating its 2008 recommendation on counseling to promote and support breastfeeding. Our review addressed three questions: 1) What are the effects of prenatal, peripartum, and postpartum individual- and health care system-level interventions to promote and support breastfeeding on child and maternal health outcomes? 2) What are the effects of interventions on the initiation, duration, and exclusivity of breastfeeding? 3) Are there adverse events associated with interventions to promote and support breastfeeding? DATA SOURCES: We performed a search of MEDLINE, PubMed Publisher-Supplied, Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and PsycInfo for studies published between January 1, 2008, and September 25, 2015. Studies included in the original USPSTF review were re-evaluated for inclusion. We supplemented searches by examining bibliographies from retrieved articles and consulting outside experts. We searched federal and international trial registries for ongoing trials. STUDY SELECTION: Two researchers reviewed 2,769 abstracts and 211 articles against the prespecified inclusion criteria. Eligible studies included English-language studies conducted in a developed country that evaluated the effectiveness of an individual- or system-level breastfeeding intervention among pregnant women or mothers of full- or near-term infants. We included randomized or cluster randomized, controlled trials for individual-level interventions and controlled before-after or prospective cohort studies for health system or policy interventions that reported health or breastfeeding outcomes. We conducted dual, independent critical appraisal of all provisionally included studies and abstracted all important study details and results from fair- and good-quality studies. Data were independently abstracted by one reviewer and confirmed by another. DATA ANALYSIS: We narratively synthesized the results for health outcomes and adverse events. For breastfeeding outcomes, we synthesized the results by population (adults separately from adolescents or young adults) and intervention focus (individual- vs. system-level approaches). Because of the small number of system-level interventions, we report those results narratively and do not pool the data. For individual-level interventions, we conducted random effects meta-analyses using the DerSimonian and Laird method and calculated pooled risk ratios (RRs) for breastfeeding initiation and for any or exclusive breastfeeding at postpartum time points of less than 3 months, 3 to less than 6 months, and 6 months. We explored potential effect modification by various population and intervention characteristics, such as intention to breastfeed and intervention type, and timing through stratified analyses and meta-regression. We generated funnel plots and conducted tests for small-study effects for all pooled analyses. RESULTS: We included 52 studies that were reported in 57 publications. Thirty one studies were newly identified while 21 studies were carried forward from the previous review. The included studies were highly variable in terms of the country, study population, intervention and control conditions, specific outcome measures, and timing of measurements. Infant and maternal health outcomes. Six trials reported inconsistent effects of the interventions on a range of infant health outcomes, such as gastrointestinal illness, otitis media, respiratory tract illness, and health care use. None of the studies reported maternal health outcomes. Breastfeeding outcomes. On the basis of 43 trials, breastfeeding support and education interventions targeting individuals were associated with a statistically significant higher likelihood of any and exclusive breastfeeding for less than 3 months and at 3 to less than 6 months compared with usual care among adults. Pooled estimates indicated beneficial associations for any breastfeeding for less than 3 months (RR, 1.07 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03 to 1.11]; k=26; n=11,588) and at 3 to less than 6 months (RR, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.04 to 1.18]; k=23; n=8,942) and for exclusive breastfeeding for less than 3 months (RR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.11 to 1.33]; k=22; n=8,246) and at 3 to less than 6 months (RR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.05 to 1.38]; k=18; n=7,027). At 6 months, individual-level interventions among adults were associated with a 16 percent higher likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding (RR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.02 to 1.32]; k=17; n=7,690) but not any breastfeeding. Absolute differences in the rates of any breastfeeding ranged from 14.1 percent in favor of the control group to 18.4 percent in favor of the intervention group. The association between individual-level interventions and breastfeeding initiation was not statistically significant based on the pooled point estimate, but the CI did not rule out potential benefit (RR, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.99 to 1.02]; k=14; n=9,428). There was some suggestion that interventions that took place during a combination of prenatal, peripartum, or postpartum time periods were more effective than those that took place only during one time period. There was no indication of effect modification by other intervention characteristics or by population subgroups. All four trials of individual-level interventions among adolescents or young adults reported higher rates of breastfeeding among intervention versus control group participants. There was limited, mixed evidence from well-controlled studies of an association between system-level interventions and rates of breastfeeding. Adverse events. Two trials among adults reported on adverse events related to a breastfeeding support intervention. One trial found no significant differences between groups in maternal anxiety at 2 weeks. The other reported that a few mothers expressed feelings of anxiety and decreased confidence in their breastfeeding abilities despite breastfeeding going well and therefore discontinued their participation in the peer counseling intervention. LIMITATIONS: There were a number of threats to internal validity within the included studies. Details regarding the measurement of breastfeeding outcomes, sociodemographic and breastfeeding-related population characteristics, and intervention and usual care characteristics were lacking. Our pooled analyses relied on unadjusted breastfeeding rates and did not control for potential confounding. CONCLUSIONS: The body of fair- to good-quality evidence related to primary care interventions to support breastfeeding has nearly doubled since the release of the 2009 USPSTF review and recommendation. The updated evidence confirms that breastfeeding support and education provided by professionals and peers to individual women, regardless of the mother's age, is associated with an increase in the duration of any and exclusive breastfeeding. There are limited well-controlled studies examining the effectiveness of system-level policies and practices on rates of breastfeeding, as well as on child health, and none for maternal health.

Download or read book Improving Breastfeeding Outcomes written by Karen Ann McQueen and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breastfeeding is recommended as the optimal source of nutrition for newborns for the first 6 months of life and beyond with the addition of complementary foods. While breastfeeding initiation rates have been increasing, duration rates remain a concern as many women prematurely discontinue due to difficulties encountered rather than maternal choice. In addition, there is a sizable gap between rates of exclusive breastfeeding and current recommendations. Targeting modifiable variables that may be amenable to intervention is one strategy to improve breastfeeding outcomes. One such modifiable variable is breastfeeding self-efficacy. Although research has clearly shown that breastfeeding self-efficacy is predictive of breastfeeding duration and exclusivity, it is unknown whether it can be enhanced to improve breastfeeding outcomes. The purpose of this pilot randomized controlled trial was to examine the feasibility and compliance of a newly developed trial protocol and the acceptability of an intervention to increase breastfeeding self-efficacy in the immediate postpartum period. Secondary outcomes included determining whether there were any trends between groups related to breastfeeding self-efficacy, duration, and exclusivity. Participants included 150 primiparous mothers who were breastfeeding their healthy, full-term infants. Eligible and consenting mothers were randomized to either a control group (standard postpartum care) or an intervention group (standard postpartum care plus the self-efficacy intervention). Participants allocated to the intervention group received three individualized, self-efficacy enhancing sessions with the researcher; two sessions were conducted in hospital, and one was administered via telephone 1 week following hospital discharge. A research assistant blinded to group allocation collected outcome data at 4 and 8 weeks postpartum. The results suggested that the administration of the intervention was feasible and that there was a high degree of protocol compliance; the majority of participants reported that the intervention was beneficial. Secondary outcomes identified that there was a trend among participants in the intervention group to have improved breastfeeding outcomes, including higher rates of breastfeeding self-efficacy, duration, and exclusivity at 4 and 8 weeks postpartum. Preliminary evidence also suggested that the self-efficacy intervention may have assisted to decrease perceptions of insufficient milk supply among the intervention group participants. Overall, the findings from this pilot trial indicated that a larger trial is warranted.

Download or read book Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2003 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WHO and UNICEF jointly developed this global strategy to focus world attention on the impact that feeding practices have on the nutritional status, growth and development, health, and thus the very survival of infants and young children. The strategy is the result of a comprehensive two-year participatory process. It is based on the evidence of nutrition's significance in the early months and years of life, and of the crucial role that appropriate feeding practices play in achieving optimal health outcomes. The strategy is intended as a guide for action; it identifies interventions with a proven positive impact; it emphasizes providing mothers and families the support they need to carry out their crucial roles, and it explicitly defines the obligations and responsibilities in this regards of governments, international organizations, and other concerned parties.

Download or read book Infant and young child feeding written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Model Chapter on Infant and Young Child Feeding is intended for use in basic training of health professionals. It describes essential knowledge and basic skills that every health professional who works with mothers and young children should master. The Model Chapter can be used by teachers and students as a complement to textbooks or as a concise reference manual.

Download or read book Improving Breastfeeding Rates written by Emily H. Emmott and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-02-23 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breastfeeding is championed as an effective way to improve global health, associated with improved health outcomes for children and mothers. Various public health strategies to promote breastfeeding have been developed and implemented for over four decades, yet progress has stagnated, and exclusive breastfeeding rates remain low globally. From an evolutionary anthropological perspective, low breastfeeding rates seem like an 'evolutionary puzzle'; breastfeeding is a behaviour which confers survival and fitness advantage to children and mothers, yet so many mothers do not breastfeed exclusively or at all. Is this a globally maladaptive behaviour? Framing breastfeeding as a maternal investment behaviour, an evolutionary perspective directs us to consider the fitness costs of breastfeeding, together with the role of social learning and cultural norms. Indeed, an evolutionary anthropological perspective provides insights to why some breastfeeding-promotion strategies may have been ineffective, while pointing to potentially promising policies and practices which have been overlooked

Download or read book Interventions in Primary Care to Promote Breastfeeding written by Mei Chung and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CONTEXT: Breastfeeding decreases the risks of many diseases in mothers and infants. About 70 percent of US children have ever been breastfed. Thus, it is important to examine interventions that could promote and support breastfeeding in an effort to increase the breastfeeding rates and impact the public health. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review evidence for the effectiveness of primary care initiated interventions to promote and support breastfeeding. DATA SOURCES: We searched MEDLINE, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry, CINAHL, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for articles from September, 2001 to January, 2007 using the MeSH terms and keywords, such as "breastfeeding", "breast milk feeding", "breast milk", "human milk", "nursing", "lactation", "counseling", and "health education". For additional studies, we also examined the bibliographies in existing systematic reviews. STUDY SELECTION: We identified 21 RCTs, two clustered RCTs, two quasi-RCTs, four controlled, non-randomized studies, two before-and-after experimental studies (Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) only), four prospective observational studies with concurrent or historical (BFHI only) control, and one Cochrane systematic review. Seventeen studies were of good or fair internal validity according to US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) criteria. DATA EXTRACTION: Data elements were abstracted on to standardized forms and included information about the setting, study design, population characteristics, types of interventions, comparators, methods of analyses, loss to followup, breastfeeding outcomes in regards to initiation, duration, and exclusivity, and maternal or infant health outcomes. In addition to assessing the internal validity of the studies, we also assessed the applicability of the studies to the US primary care population. DATA SYNTHESIS: Comparing breastfeeding interventions to the control (usual care): prenatal breastfeeding intervention increased the rate of any short-term breastfeeding (pooled RR: 1.39; 95%CI 1.16-1.67); combination of pre- and postnatal breastfeeding interventions increased both the rate of intermediate and long-term any breastfeeding (pooled RR: 1.15; 95%CI 1.00-1.32, 1.38; 95%CI 1.33-1.43, respectively); postnatal breastfeeding interventions increased the rate of exclusive short-term breastfeeding (pooled RR: 1.21; 95%CI 1.08-1.36); structured breastfeeding education with or without other components increased the rate of any breastfeeding initiation (pooled RR: 1.15; 95%CI 1.02-1.30); individual level professional support with or without other components significantly increased the rate of any intermediate breastfeeding (pooled RR: 1.12; 95%CI 1.02-1.30); lay support with or without other components increased the rate of any short- and long-term breastfeeding (pooled RR: 1.26; 95%CI 1.07-1.48, 1.38; 95%CI 1.00-1.92, respectively) and the rate of short-term exclusive breastfeeding duration (pooled RR: 1.66; 95%CI 1.05-2.56); and BFHI increased the exclusive breastfeeding rates at 3 (43.3% vs. 6.4% (P

Download or read book Breastfeeding Programs and Policies Breastfeeding Uptake and Maternal Health Outcomes in Developed Countries written by Cynthia Feltner and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OBJECTIVES: To summarize the effectiveness of community, workplace, and health care system-based programs and policies aimed at supporting and promoting breastfeeding and determine the association between breastfeeding and maternal health. DATA SOURCES: We searched PubMed(r)/MEDLINE(r), the Cochrane Library, and CINAHL(r) from January 1, 1980, to October 12, 2017, for studies relevant to the effectiveness of health care system-based, workplace, and community breastfeeding programs and policies. For evidence on breastfeeding and maternal health, we updated the 2007 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality report on this topic and searched the same databases from November 1, 2005, to October 12, 2017. For studies of breastfeeding programs and policies, trials, systematic reviews, and observational studies with a control group were eligible; we excluded primary care-based programs delivered as part of routine care. For studies related to breastfeeding and maternal health, we included systematic reviews, case-control studies, and cohort studies. REVIEW METHODS: Pairs of reviewers independently selected, extracted data from, and rated the risk of bias of relevant studies; they graded the strength of evidence (SOE) using established criteria. We synthesized all evidence qualitatively. RESULTS: We included 128 studies (137 publications) and 10 systematic reviews. Of these, 40 individual studies were relevant to the effectiveness of breastfeeding programs or policies, and the remainder were relevant to one or more maternal health outcomes. Based on evidence from one large randomized controlled trial (RCT) (Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial [PROBIT], N=17,046) enrolling mothers who intended to breastfeed and nine cohort studies (1,227,182 women), we graded the SOE for the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) as moderate for improving rates of breastfeeding duration. Evidence from eight cohort studies of BFHI (135,983 women) also demonstrates improved rates of breastfeeding initiation (low SOE). Low SOE (k=4 studies; 1,532 women) supports the conclusion that health care education or training of staff alone (without additional breastfeeding support services) does not improve breastfeeding initiation rates. Women, Infants and Children (WIC, a Federal supplemental nutrition program) interventions that focus on peer support are effective in improving rates of breastfeeding initiation and duration (low SOE). We found limited evidence for other (community-based) interventions and no comparative studies on workplace or school-based interventions or harms associated with interventions. For maternal health outcomes, low SOE supports the conclusion that ever breastfeeding or breastfeeding for longer durations may be associated with lower rates of breast cancer, epithelial ovarian cancer, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes, but not fractures. Because of heterogeneity and inconsistent results, we found insufficient evidence on whether breastfeeding is associated with postpartum depression, cardiovascular disease, or postpartum weight change. CONCLUSIONS: The body of evidence for breastfeeding programs and policies was diverse in terms of interventions and settings. Current evidence supports the benefit of BFHI for improving rates of breastfeeding initiation and duration; however, evidence from one large RCT (PROBIT) has limited applicability, and observational studies do not clearly establish the magnitude of benefit. For women enrolled in WIC, low SOE supports peer-support interventions for improving breastfeeding outcomes. The identified associations between breastfeeding and improved maternal health outcomes are supported by evidence from observational studies, which cannot determine cause-and-effect relationships.

Download or read book Interventions in Primary Care to Promote Breastfeeding a Systematic Review written by U. S. Department of Health and Human Services and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-08-21 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human milk is the natural nutrition for all infants. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), it is the preferred choice of feeding for all infants. The goals of Healthy People 2010 for breastfeeding are initiation rate of 75% and continuation of breastfeeding of 50% at 6 months and 25% at 12 months postpartum. A survey of US children in 2002 indicated that 71% had ever been breastfed. The percentage of infants who continued to breastfeed to some extent are 35% at 6 months and 16% at 12 months. Although the breastfeeding initiation rate from this survey is close to the goal of 75%, the breastfeeding continuation rates at 6 and 12 months are short of the goals set by that of Healthy People 2010. Tufts-New England Medical Center Evidence-based Practice Center completed a review in 2006 examining the effects of breastfeeding on infant and maternal health outcomes in developed countries. The Center on Primary Care, Prevention and Clinical Partnerships at the Agency for Healthcare Quality and Research (AHRQ), on behalf of the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), requested an additional related evidence report on the effectiveness of interventions to promote breastfeeding. The topic, effectiveness of interventions to encourage and support breastfeeding, was last considered in 2003 by the USPSTF. The Task Force issued a B recommendation (fair evidence that the service improves important health outcomes) for structured education and behavioral counseling programs to promote breastfeeding, and an I recommendation (insufficient evidence to recommend for or against routinely providing the service) for other interventions. The present report will be used by the USPSTF to update its 2003 recommendation. According to AAP, some of the obstacles to initiation and continuation of breastfeeding include insufficient prenatal education about breastfeeding, disruptive maternity care practices, and lack of family and broad societal support. Effective interventions reported to date include changes in maternity care practices, like those implemented in pursuit of the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative designation, and worksite lactation programs. Some of the other interventions implemented include peer to peer support, maternal education and media marketing. This review focuses only on interventions that were initiated in a primary care setting. Any counseling or behavioral intervention initiated from a clinician's practice (office or hospital) to improve breastfeeding initiation, duration, or both will be considered. Interventions could be conducted by a variety of providers (lactation consultants, nurses, peer counselors, midwives or physicians) in a variety of settings (hospital, home, clinic, or elsewhere) as long as they originated from a health care setting. Health care system interventions, such as staff training, will also be included.

Download or read book Breastfeeding written by Kingsley Emwinyore Agho and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-05-28 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breastfeeding is the preferred method of feeding in early life. It is also one of the most cost-effective childhood survival interventions. Breastfeeding practices are important for preventing child mortality and morbidity, as well as ensuring the optimal growth, health, and development of infants. The public health benefits of breastfeeding have been well documented in the medical literature, and include the following: associations with decreased risk for early-life diseases such as otitis media, respiratory tract infection, diarrhoea, and early childhood obesity (to name but a few). This Special Issue book includes a collection of studies on the use of novel methods to improve breastfeeding rates, and research exploring the short- and long-term benefits of breastfeeding for both the infant and mother, including technology-based approaches.

Download or read book SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE EFFEC written by Lee-Man Yeung and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Interventions to Increase Women's Confidence in Breastfeeding" by Lee-man, Yeung, 楊莉敏, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Background Breastfeeding is the gold standard in infant nutrition. Despite increasing mothers choose to breastfeed, low exclusivity remains. One of the top-ranked and yet modifiable reasons is perceived insufficient milk that results in low confidence in breastfeeding. To date, no review examined the effectiveness of intervention in increasing women's confidence in breastfeeding. Purpose The purpose of this review was to examine intervention studies that aimed at enhancing women's confidence or self-efficacy in breastfeeding. Design and methods A systematic review was performed. Ten articles were identified through electronic database searches with a prior inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results Inconsistent findings were found in the review and could not conclude which particular intervention could improve maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy or confidence due to the wide variety of approaches tested. However, in studies that reported increase in breastfeeding self-efficacy after intervention, breastfeeding outcomes in terms of duration and exclusivity improved. Conclusion Future research with better design and longer follow-up is recommended to evaluate the long-term effect of these interventions. An environment conducive to building up women's confidence in breastfeeding is needed. Subjects: Breastfeeding

Download or read book Review of WIC Food Packages written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-08-06 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) began 40 years ago as a pilot program and has since grown to serve over 8 million pregnant women, and mothers of and their infants and young children. Today the program serves more than a quarter of the pregnant women and half of the infants in the United States, at an annual cost of about $6.2 billion. Through its contribution to the nutritional needs of pregnant, breastfeeding, and post-partum women; infants; and children under 5 years of age; this federally supported nutrition assistance program is integral to meeting national nutrition policy goals for a significant portion of the U.S. population. To assure the continued success of the WIC, Congress mandated that the Food and Nutrition Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) reevaluate the program's food packages every 10 years. In 2014, the USDA asked the Institute of Medicine to undertake this reevaluation to ensure continued alignment with the goals of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. This, the second report of this series, provides a summary of the work of phase I of the study, and serves as the analytical underpinning for phase II in which the committee will report its final conclusions and recommendations.

Download or read book Benefits of Exclusively Breastfeeding written by Marissa Ruiz and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The many benefits of breastfeeding have been recognized by organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund. The WHO recommends exclusively breastfeeding an infant for the first 6 months of life (WHO, 2011). Research studies recognize several risks of not breasfeeding for mothers and their infants (Stuebe, 2009). Despite the advantages of breastfeeding, there are barriers that prevent mothers from exclusively breastfeeding. New mothers express difficulties associated with breastfeeding, and infants are therefore, less likely able to obtain the long term benefits of exclusively breastfeeding without first addressing the obstacles pertaining to breastfeeding. Thus, there is a need for early implementation of evidence based interventions and strategies in order to have successful breastfeeding experience. A greater impact was seen when breastfeeding interventions were first started during the prenatal period. According to a study done with first time breastfeeding mothers, concluded that through the use of increased education, preparation of realistic breastfeeding expectations, and continued support have proven to be the most effective interventions in improving breastfeeding outcomes (Smith, Spencer, and Walsh, 2013) .

Download or read book A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Professional Breastfeeding Support Intervention to Increase the Exclusivity and Duration of Breastfeeding written by Chui-Yuk Idy Fu and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Professional Breastfeeding Support Intervention to Increase the Exclusivity and Duration of Breastfeeding" by Chui-yuk, Idy, Fu, 傅翠玉, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Breastmilk is the most natural and complete nutrition for infants, and breastfeeding incurs numerous benefits for both infants and mothers. The World Health Organization recommends that mothers exclusively breastfeed their infants for six months and continue breastfeeding for up to two years of age and beyond. More than 80% of Hong Kong mothers now initiate breastfeeding. However, overall breastfeeding duration remains short and rates of exclusive breastfeeding are low. Premature weaning is influenced by multiple factors, and mothers require additional support from healthcare professionals to overcome various lactation difficulties in the early postpartum period. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two postnatal professional support interventions on the duration of any and exclusive breastfeeding. We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of in-hospital support and post-discharge telephone support on breastfeeding outcomes among first-time mothers in Hong Kong. Seven hundred and twenty two mother-infant pairs with uncomplicated, full-term pregnancies were recruited from the postnatal units of three large public hospitals. With the hospital as the unit of randomization, participants were allocated to standard care (n=263), in-hospital support (n=191), or post-discharge telephone support (n=268). Mothers in the in-hospital group were given three individualized breastfeeding support sessions during the postnatal hospitalization, with two sessions given in first 24 hours after birth and one the following day, providing lactation knowledge and instructions on breastfeeding techniques. Participants in the telephone group were provided with weekly 30-minute breastfeeding counseling and support sessions for the first four weeks after delivery, with first contact initiated within 72 hours after discharge. The primary study outcomes were the prevalence of any and exclusive breastfeeding at one, two and three months postpartum. Seven hundred (97%) participants completed the six-month follow-up, while eleven had partial follow-up and eleven could not be contacted. The rates of any and exclusive breastfeeding were higher among participants in the two intervention groups at all follow-up points when compared with those who received standard care. Participants receiving the telephone support were significantly more likely to continue any breastfeeding at one month (76.2% vs. 67.3%; OR=1.63, 95% CI 1.10-2.41) and two months (58.6% vs. 48.9%; OR=1.48, 95% CI 1.04-2.10), and to be exclusively breastfeeding at one month (28.4% vs. 16.9%; OR=1.90, 95% CI 1.24-2.91). Participants in the in-hospital support group were also more likely to be breastfeeding at all time points in the first six months but the effect was not statistically significant. Early professional breastfeeding support, especially weekly telephone counseling, significantly increased the rates of any and exclusive breastfeeding in the early postpartum period and significantly increased overall breastfeeding duration in the first six months among first-time mothers. Additional postnatal professional support when given to breastfeeding mothers on a one-to-one basis can improve breastfeeding outcomes. While hospital practices need to be strengthened to further promote and support breastfeeding, more well-designed

Download or read book Breastfeeding and Maternal and Infant Health Outcomes in Developed Countries written by U.s. Department of Health and Human Services and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-06-28 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this report is to summarize the literature concerning the relationship of breastfeeding and various infant and maternal health outcomes. Two key questions are addressed: 1. What are the benefits and harms for infants and children in terms of short-term outcomes, such as infectious diseases (including otitis media, diarrhea, and lower respiratory tract infections), sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and infant mortality, and longer term outcomes such as cognitive development, childhood cancer (including leukemia), type I and II diabetes, asthma, atopic dermatitis, cardiovascular disease (including hypertension), hyperlipidemia, and obesity, compared among those who mostly breastfeed, mostly formula feed, and mixed feed; and how are these outcomes associated with duration of the type of feeding? Do the harms and benefits differ for any specific subpopulations based on socio-demographic factors? 2. What are the benefits and harms on maternal health short-term outcomes, such as postpartum depression and return to pre-pregnancy weight, and long-term outcomes, such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer, diabetes and osteoporosis, compared among breastfeeding, formula feeding, and mixed feeding, and how are these associated with duration of the type of feeding? Do the harms and benefits differ for any specific subpopulations based on socio-demographic factors?

Download or read book Breastfeeding Management for the Clinician written by Marsha Walker and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2011 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evidence-based guide that provides relevant information on breastfeeding and lactation blended with clinical suggestions for best outcomes. This includes reviews of literature, and covers the incidence, etiology, risk factors, prevention, prognosis and implications, interventions, expected outcomes, care plans, clinical algorithms, and more, providing clinicians a research-based approach to breastfeeding care.

Download or read book Infant and Young Child Feeding written by Fiona Dykes and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-08-14 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This exciting book, edited by Fiona Dykes and Victoria Hall Moran and with a foreword from Gretel Pelto, explores in an integrated context the varied factors associated with infant and child nutrition, including global feeding strategies, cultural factors, issues influencing breastfeeding, and economic and life cycle influences