Download or read book The Pricing of Internationally Traded Gas written by Jonathan Stern and published by Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. This book was released on 2012-11-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A volume on the pricing of gas in international trade. Gas accounts for around 25% of global energy demand and international gas trade is growing rapidly. The book covers the development of international gas pricing in all regions of the world where gas is traded, and considers whether gas could become a global market.
Download or read book Managing Risk And Uncertainty In International Trade written by Alan R Winberg and published by Westview Press. This book was released on 1987-01-18 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book China s Gas Development Strategies written by Shell International B.V. and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-23 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book examines how China can increase the share of natural gas in its energy system. China’s energy strategy has global ramifications and impact, and central to this strategy is the country’s transition from coal to gas. The book presents the culmination of a two-year collaboration between the Development Research Center of the State Council (DRC) and Shell. With the Chinese government’s strategic aim to increase the share of gas in the energy mix from 5.8% in 2014 to 10% and 15% in 2020 and 2030 respectively, the book outlines how China can achieve its gas targets. Providing both quantifiable metrics and policy measures for the transition, it is a much needed addition to the literature on Chinese energy policy. The research and the resulting recommendations of this study have fed directly into the Chinese government’s 13th Five-Year Plan, and provide unique insights into the Chinese government and policy-making. Due to its global impact, the book is a valuable resource for policy makers in both China and the rest of the world.
Download or read book Gas Trading Manual written by David Long and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-07-20 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its launch in 2001, Gas Trading Manual (GTM) has established itself as the leading information source on the international gas market. Compiled from the contributions of some of the most senior and widely respected figures in the trade, this edition provides detailed and accurate analysis on all aspects of this complex business from the geography of gas through to the markets, trading instruments, contracts, gas pricing, accounting and taxation. This edition further enhances its reputation as the indispensable practical companion for all those involved in the trading of gas.
Download or read book Obstacles to International Trade in Natural Gas written by André Barbé and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Natural Gas Deregulation written by United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee. Subcommittee on International Trade, Finance, and Security Economics and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book U s Natural Gas Exports written by Michael Ratner and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-07 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As estimates for the amount of U.S. natural gas resources have grown, so have the prospects of rising U.S. natural gas exports. The United States is expected to go from a net importer of natural gas to a net exporter by 2020. Projects to export liquefied natural gas (LNG) by tanker ship have been proposed—cumulatively accounting for about 12.5% of current U.S. natural gas production—and are at varying stages of regulatory approval. Projects require federal approval under Section 3 of the Natural Gas Act (15 U.S.C. §717b), with the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Fossil Energy and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission being the lead authorizing agencies. Pipeline exports, which accounted for 94% of all exports of U.S. produced natural gas in 2010, are also likely to rise. What effect exporting natural gas will have on U.S. prices is the central question in the debate over whether to export. A significant rise in U.S. natural gas exports would likely put upwards pressure on domestic prices, but the magnitude of any rise is currently unclear. There are numerous factors that will affect prices: export volumes, economic growth, differences in local markets, and government regulations, among others. With today's natural gas prices relatively low compared to global prices and historically low for the United States, producers are looking for new markets for their natural gas. Producers contend that increased exports will not raise prices significantly as there is ample supply to meet domestic demand, and there will be the added benefits of increased revenues, trade, and jobs, and less flaring. Consumers of natural gas, who are being helped by the low prices, fear prices will rise if natural gas is exported. Electric power generation represents potentially the greatest increase in natural gas consumption in the U.S. economy, primarily for environmental reasons. Natural gas emits much less carbon dioxide and other pollutants than coal when combusted. Other types of consumption are not likely to increase natural gas demand domestically for a long time. Use in the transportation sector to displace oil is likely to be small because expensive new infrastructure and technologies would be required. There is discussion of a possible revival of the U.S. petrochemicals sector, but the potential extent of a change is unclear. Getting natural gas to markets where it can be consumed, whether domestically or internationally, may be the industry's biggest challenge. Infrastructure constraints, environmental regulations, and other factors will influence how the market adjusts to balance supply and demand. Environmental groups are split regarding natural gas use, with some favoring increased use to curb emissions of certain pollutants, while others oppose expanded use of natural gas because it is not as clean as renewable forms of energy, such as wind or solar. The use of hydraulic fracturing to produce shale gas has also raised concerns among environmental groups particularly concerned with its possible impacts on water quality. The possibility of a significant increase in U.S. natural gas exports will factor into ongoing debates on the economy, energy independence, climate change, and energy security. As the proposed projects continue to develop, policymakers are likely to receive more inquiries about these projects. Proposals to expedite and expand LNG exports have already been raised in the 113th Congress, including in S. 192 and H.R. 580. Two other bills, H.R. 1189 and H.R. 1191, would reform the DOE's process for determining the public interest regarding LNG exports and prohibit exports of natural gas produced on federal lands.
Download or read book Regulation of Energy in International Trade Law written by Yulia Selivanova and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2011-07-28 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Starting from the premise that a multilateral legal framework is the surest way to achieve predictability and transparency under conditions of increasing reliance on internationally traded energy, the essays gathered in this book treat the many complex interlocking issues raised by examining that desideratum in the light of current reality. Concentrating on the application of WTO agreements to energy trade – as well as energy-related issues addressed in the current WTO negotiations – the authors offer in-depth discussion and analysis of such issues as the following: the effectiveness of existing WTO agreements in addressing issues pertinent to energy trade how restrictive practices of energy endowed countries can be tackled under existing international trade rules; existing frameworks for investment in highly capital-intensive energy infrastructure projects;and conditions for access to pipelines and transmission grids; regulation of energy services; bioenergy development and trade; energy issues addressed in the WTO accession negotiations of energy endowed countries; international instruments of resolution of energy-related disputes.
Download or read book International Trade in Natural Gas written by Yichen Du and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The introduction of liquefied natural gas (LNG) as an option for international trade has created a market for natural gas where global prices may eventually be differentiated by the transportation costs between world regions. LNG's trade share in 2013 was only about 30 percent of the total global trade in natural gas, but use of LNG is on the rise with numerous projects in planning or construction stages. Considering LNG projects that are under construction, planned, or proposed, we provide an analysis of LNG prospects for the next decade. LNG has substantial unexploited potential in terms of reducing capital requirements (especially for liquefaction projects), expanding new technology frontiers (e.g. floating LNG), serving new markets, and establishing new pricing schemes that better reflect the fundamentals of supply and demand. Trade volumes are projected to increase from about 240 Mt LNG in 2013 to about 340-360 Mt LNG in 2021. Despite potential challenges from weaker demand in Asia, longer-term projections show that LNG trade is bound to show substantial growth, partially due to geopolitical tensions that might increase LNG flows to Europe. However, these perspectives largely depend on demand choices, the availability and evolution of alternative fuels (e.g. renewable energies), and -- most importantly -- political decisions framing economic behavior.
Download or read book Monetizing Natural Gas in the New New Deal Economy written by Michelle Michot Foss and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-11 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural gas markets have undergone momentous changes, worldwide. This book updates and expands on the dynamics, performance and forward path of expanding natural gas use in the US and worldwide, including international trade. It brings together major research themes and findings with recent updates and analysis of new trends and developments. It also explores many considerations for natural gas market development, such as the importance of infrastructure, transparent pricing, and institutional capacity. This book is unique in providing background on the full natural gas value chain as well as information and analysis that can foster scenario-building and decision-making. Of particular value are the lessons learned and demonstrated for those countries that aspire to build effective natural gas markets and to expand natural gas development and use.
Download or read book Economic Theory and International Trade in Natural Exhaustible Resources written by Cees Withagen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study is concerned with the economic theory of exhaustible resources. My interest in exhaustible resources dates back several years when prof. dr. J. Cramer and prof. dr. C. von Weizsacker stimu lated me to direct my research, at the Faculty of Actuarial Science and Econometrics of the University of Amsterdam, to the exploitation of Dutch natural gas. This issue raised many theoretical problems, in which I got gradually more and more involved. I was lucky to find in prof. dr. H. Weddepohl a person prepared to listen patiently and to read and critisize my numerous attempts to solve these problems. The actual work on the present monograph started in 1982 at the Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Eindhoven University of Technology, in the context of the program "Equilibrium and Dis equilibrium" of the "voorwaardelijke financiering" (universitary financing system). I wish to thank here my supervisors prof. dr. P. Ruys and prof. dr. H. Weddepohl for their comments on earlier drafts of this monograph. When looking back, I realize that their remarks and our dis cussions have led to notable improvements. Also the Internation~l Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (Laxenburg, Austria) has made a valuable contribution by offering me the opportunity to spend three months in its serene academic environment in the summer of 1983. Thanks also to the energy group of I. I. A. S. A. and the I. I. A. S. A. foundation Netherlands.
Download or read book The New Geopolitics of Natural Gas written by Agnia Grigas and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover -- Title page -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Introduction: A New Era of Gas -- 1. The Changing Global Gas Sector -- 2. The Politics and Commerce of American LNG Exports -- 3. The Politics of Supply: Russiaand Gazprom -- 4. The Politics of Dependence Transformed: Europe -- 5. The Politics of Transit: Ukraine and Belarus -- 6. The Politics of Isolated Suppliers: The Caucasus and Central Asia -- 7. The Politics of Demand: China and Beyond -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Acknowledgments -- Index
Download or read book Summary of Trade and Tariff Information written by Cynthia B. Foreso and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Policy Options for Expanded Natural Gas Utilization and Implications for International Trade written by International Research Center for Energy and Economic Development and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Natural Gas and Geopolitics written by David G. Victor and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-06-29 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global consumption of natural gas is generally expected to double by 2030. However, in the areas of highest-expected demand, the consumption of gas is expected to far outstrip indigenous supplies. This book explores the political challenges which may accompany a shift to a gas-fed world.
Download or read book International Gas Trade in Europe written by Jonathan P. Stern and published by Heinemann Educational Publishers. This book was released on 1984 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The World Market for Natural Gas written by Thomas F. Enger and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
