Download or read book The Implementation and Effectiveness of International Environmental Commitments written by David G. Victor and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 766 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because environmental problems do not respect borders, their solutions often require international cooperation and agreements. The contributors to this book examine how international environmental agreements are put into practice. Their main concern is effectiveness -- the degree to which such agreements lead to changes in behavior that help to solve environmental problems. Their focus is on implementation -- the process that turns commitments into action, at both domestic and international levels. Implementation is the key to effectiveness because these agreements aim to constrain not just governments but a wide array of actors, including individuals, firms, and agencies whose behavior does not change simply because governments have made international commitments. The book is divided into two parts. Part I looks at international systems for implementation review, through which parties share information, review performance, handle noncompliance, and adjust commitments. Part II looks at implementation at the national level, with particular attention to participation by governmental and nongovernmental actors and to problems in states with economies in transition. The book includes fourteen case studies that cover eight major areas of international environmental regulation: conservation and preservation of fauna and flora, stratospheric ozone depletion, pollution in the Baltic Sea, pollution in the North Sea, trade in hazardous chemicals and pesticides, air pollution in Europe, whaling, and marine dumping of nuclear waste. ContributorsSteinar Andresen, Juan Carlos di Primio, Owen Greene, Ronnie Hjorth, Vladimir Kotov, John Lanchbery, Elena Nikitina, Kal Raustiala, Alexei Roginko, Jon Birger Skj�rseth, Eugene B. Skolnikoff, Olav Schram Stokke, David G. Victor, J�rgen Wettestad.Copublished with theInternational Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
Download or read book Conflicts in International Environmental Law written by Rüdiger Wolfrum and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-07-22 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is an important contribution to both theoretical and practical approaches to solving contradictions and conflicts between the approaches, principles, objectives and regulations of international environmental agreements. The issue of the coordination and streamlining of environmental agreements is of growing importance regarding the increasing number of international regulations on the one hand and the urgency for effective instruments in the light of continuing environmental degradation on the other. This study will become an essential reference for scholars as well as practitioners working in the field of international environmental law.
Download or read book International Environment written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International Environmental Agreements written by Steinar Andresen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-03-12 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International environmental agreements provide a practical basis for countries to address environmental issues on a global scale. This book explores the workings and outcomes of these agreements, and analyses key questions of why some problems are dealt with successfully and others ignored. By examining fundamental policies and issues in environmental protection this text gives an easily comprehensible introduction to international environmental agreements, and discusses problems in three areas: air, water and on land. It traces the history of agreements in broad thematic areas related to long-distance air pollution, ozone-depleting and greenhouse gases, ocean management, biological diversity, agricultural plant diversity and forest stewardship. Drawing on experts in their respective fields, this book provides an insightful evaluation of the successes and failures, and analysis of the reasons for this. Concluding with an insightful examination of research to show how performance of agreements can be improved in the future, this volume is a vital contribution to our understanding of the politics associated with establishing international environmental consensus. International Environmental Agreements will be of interest to scholars, students and researchers in global environmental politics, international relations and political science. Steinar Andresen is Senior Research Fellow at the Fridtjof Nansen Institute, Norway, and formerly professor at the Dept. of Political Science, University of Oslo. Elin Lerum Boasson is Research Fellow at the Fridtjof Nansen Institute, Norway. Geir Hønneland is Research Director at the Fridtjof Nansen Institute and adjunct professor at the University of Tromsø.
Download or read book International Environmental Law making and Diplomacy written by Tuomas Kuokkanen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-01-29 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing together contributions from diplomats, UN agency officials, lawyers and academics, this book provides insight into the evolution of international environmental law, diplomacy and negotiating techniques. Based on first-hand experiences and extensive research, the chapters offer a blend of practice and theory, history and analysis, presenting a range of historical episodes and nuances and drawing lessons for future improvements to the processes of law-making and diplomacy. The book represents a synthesis of the most important messages to emerge from the annual course on Multilateral Environmental Agreements, delivered to diplomats and negotiators from around the world for the last decade by the University of Eastern Finland and the United Nations Environment Programme. The book will be of interest as a guide for negotiators and as a supplementary textbook and a reference volume for a wide range of students of law and environmental issues.
Download or read book Economics of International Environmental Agreements written by M. Özgür Kayalıca and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-02-17 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International environmental agreements provide a basis for countries to address ecological problems on a global scale. However, countries are heterogeneous with respect to their economic structures and to the problems relating to the environment that they encounter. Therefore, economic externalities and global environmental conflicts are common and can cause problems in implementation and compliance with international agreements. Economics of International Environmental Agreements illuminates those issues and factors that might cause some countries or firms to take different positions on common problems. This book explores why international environmental agreements deal with some problems successfully but fail with others. The chapters address issues that are global in nature, such as: transboundary pollution, provision of global public goods, individual preferences of inequality- aversion, global cooperation, self-enforcing international environmental agreements, emission standards, abatement costs, environmental quota, technology agreement and adoption and international institutions. They examine the necessary conditions for the improved performance of international environmental agreements, how cooperation among countries can be improved and the incentives that can be created for voluntary compliance with international environmental agreements. This text is of great importance to academics, students and policy makers who are interested in environmental economics, policy and politics, as well as environmental law.
Download or read book Enforcement of International Environmental Law written by Martin Hedemann-Robinson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-07-16 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The international community has generated several hundred multilateral environmental agreements, yet it has been far less successful in developing means to ensure that contracting parties honour them in practice. The subject of law enforcement has traditionally attracted relatively little attention amongst international policy-makers at the formation stage of a multilateral environmental accord. Commonly, the question of how to secure collective adherence to environmental treaty regimes might well only be considered in depth at a much later stage of an environmental agreement’s evolution, if at all. At the same time, the significance of the issue of enforcement has gradually received more considered attention by states and international institutions. Providing an analysis of the nature, extent and current state of the international legal framework concerned with enhancing effective implementation of international environmental law, this book considers the scope and impact of international rules of law whose remit is to require or promote compliance by states with their international environmental legal obligations.
Download or read book International Environmental Treaties and State Behavior written by Denise DeGarmo and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-10-14 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the growing recognition of the importance of environmental issues for nation-state security, current research on international environmental security is insufficient. Although scholars in the field of International Relations believe that there is an appropriate role for international relations theory in analyzing global environmental concerns, the existing literature is predominantly descriptive or prescriptive rather than analytical. This study attempts to remedy this problem by conducting an empirical analysis of nation-state behavior in the international environmental realm.
Download or read book Ensuring Compliance With Multilateral Environmental Agreements written by Ulrich Beyerlin and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2006 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this publication, a number of recognized practitioners and scholars undertake to explore the realities and the conceptual underpinnings of environmental compliance mechanisms. In a relatively short period of time, such mechanisms were introduced in a wide range of new and existing environmental regimes. Yet, little is known about their function in practice and their implications. This is puzzling when considering, that the new mechanisms considerably depart from traditional patterns of counteraction and dispute settlement. Instead they build on partnership and cooperation and include a wide range of possible reactions, which range from those having coercive power to supportive measures. Quite a number of those mechanisms and their functioning are explained in the publication in order to lay ground for some cross-cutting analysis, which covers inter alia reporting, inspection and monitoring, supportive financial incentives and the interrelationship between compliance mechanisms and the principle of state responsibility and dispute settlement. Finally the role of non-governmental organizations is addressed. Practitioners and scholars in international environmental affairs and international law more generally will benefit significantly from the inside views and thorough reflection as provided for in this book.
Download or read book The Economics of International Environmental Agreements written by Amitrajeet A Batabyal and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-12-04 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title was first published in 2000: Conflicts between developed and developing countries over global environmental problems, and the fact that the co-operation required to solve environmental collective action problems is typically elusive in the world of international relations, suggests a research agenda regarding how one might hop to bring about co-operation in an inherently non-co-operative international setting. In particular, what can economic theory tell us about the design of international environmental agreements (IEAs) that will protect the world's fragile environmental resources? This book collects work on IEAs which demonstrates the value of rigorous microeconomic and econometric modelling in comprehending the many and varied facets of the design and implementation in IEAs.
Download or read book Conventions Treaties And Other Responses To Global Issues Volume I written by Gabriela Maria Kutting and published by EOLSS Publications. This book was released on 2009-08-25 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conventions, Treaties and other Responses to Global Issues is a component of Encyclopedia of Institutional and Infrastructural Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. This theme Conventions, Treaties and other Responses to Global Issues deals with the issue of international resource regimes. These are formal responses by states to the threats posed by trans-boundary pollution or the distribution of resources. In the past thirty years the number of international environmental agreements has steadily risen to reach record numbers and these agreements have secured a firm place in the hierarchy of international affairs. There is a loose assumption that this is a good thing and that this rise has resulted in a commensurable improvement in environmental protection and resource allocation. But is this actually the case? In fact, is there a positive correlation at all? Or are there negative correlations? What are the connections between environmental diplomacy and environmental protection and how can environmental protection be achieved? These are just a few of the questions that will be addressed in this theme, whilst at the same time giving an overview of the most important international resource regimes and the most influential international organizations having an environmental impact. The theme takes the following shape: the first section introduces issues of international environmental law and its history, showing that international law can take many different forms. Here we explain what policy tools states have in drafting responses to global environmental issues. The second section deals with the most prominent international environmental agreements and gives a state of the art overview of existing regimes. The third and last section of this theme introduces the key actors in the international arena besides states, such as international organizations and civil society actors, such as pressure groups. These two volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers and NGOs.
Download or read book International Environmental Agreements written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effectiveness of Multilateral Environmental Agreements written by Nordic Council Of Ministers Staff and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 1997 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International Environmental Law written by Pierre-Marie Dupuy and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-07 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A concise, clear, and legally rigorous introduction to international environmental law and practice covering the very latest developments.
Download or read book Global Environmental Diplomacy written by Mostafa K. Tolba and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2008-01-25 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foreword by Mario Molina As Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) from 1976 to 1992, Mostafa K. Tolba had as much insight into, and influence on, the development of international environmental policy as anyone. In this book, he tells the story of the negotiations that led to a number of landmark agreements, such as the Vienna Convention on Ozone and its Montreal Protocol, the Basel Convention on Hazardous Wastes, and the Biodiversity Convention. The book stands as the legacy of an important and charismatic figure who played a pivotal role during the first phase of global environmental diplomacy. Tolba concentrates on the context in which governments conclude that particular issues are ripe for binding international cooperation and on the factors that influence them during negotiations—such as science, the media, nongovernmental organizations, politicians, business and industry, and the public. The areas he discusses include the evolution of environmental law, environmental soft laws (principles and guidelines rather than treaties), binding regional regimes such as the Regional Seas Program and the Shared Freshwater Resources Program, the ozone layer, global warming, hazardous wastes, the loss of biological diversity, and ways to make international agreements work.
Download or read book The Common But Differentiated Responsibility Principle in Multilateral Environmental Agreements written by Tuula Honkonen and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Built in to every multilateral environmental agreement is a dilemma: how to incorporate justice and fairness on the one hand and effectiveness on the other. Our immense difficulty in meeting this two-edged imperative highlights the fact that we are, at best, at an early stage in the development of international environmental ethics, and that no coherent and effective ethical system yet exists in this context. This remarkable book starts from a conviction that the principle of common but differentiated responsibility (CBDR) offers the best way forward toward the much-desired goal of sustainable development. Presenting a full-scale, multidisciplinary assessment of the feasibility of the principle of CBDR in multilateral environmental agreements, encompassing legal and policy status perspectives as well as historical developments and future prospects, this study identifies issues and aspects in the theoretical and practical application of the CBDR principle. The author responds with in-depth knowledge and awareness to such specific questions as the following: What does the principle of common but differentiated responsibility entail in international environmental law, with special reference to international environmental treaties? How is the principle reflected in the burden-sharing design of current agreements? What problems and challenges does the practical application of the CBDR principle present to the international community and individual countries as well as to the international environmental regimes themselves? What factors should be taken into account when assessing the success or failure of the principle? What is the status of the principle in international environmental law (currently and possibly in the future), and what are its implications in the broader international context? The author examines methods for differentiation from both theoretical and actual treaty-level viewpoints. She offers examples from the negotiation history of international environmental treaties to shed light on the importance of information-sharing and wide participation during the negotiations. Recognizing that, in the international environmental field, problems of economic development and the geopolitics of global wealth distribution soon come to the fore, and that each stateands right to development should not be too heavily restricted under international environmental regimes, she demonstrates that the CBDR principle has a strong potential to formally integrate the environment and development at the international level. The study will be of immeasurable value in promoting understanding of how CBDR actually works. It will help lawyers and policymakers perceive how different parties want to use the principle, and to discern clearly what options could be chosen by the parties, which aspects are crucial, and what factors influence the effectiveness of the arrangements.
Download or read book Quotas in International Environmental Agreements written by Amanda Wolf and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-04-23 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quotas have been used in international environmental agreements for at least a century and, in tandem with incentive approaches, should continue to be crucial to realizing a sustainable environment. This text is a critical examination of quotas both as regulatory tools and as products of negotiation. It reviews the main features of environmental problems, the regulatory options and criteria used to judge them, and the various ways of explaining negotiated outcomes. Quotas in the management of fisheries, other resources, freshwater and marine pollution, and air pollution are also described. Selected examples are considered in detail to provide an understanding of how quotas were developed in scientific, political, economic and social context. An assessment of the key features of quotas in practice leads to the identification of an emerging approach, the negotiation of constrained local quotas. The approach is a practical way to balance efficiency and fairness in complex negotiations, without sacrificing environmental effectiveness.
