Download or read book International Control of Tritium for Nuclear Nonproliferation and Disarmament written by Martin B. Kalinowski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-03-29 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tritium is used by all nuclear weapons states to increase the explosive yield of atomic bombs and to miniaturize them. However, this radioactive material has not yet been put under appropriate international control comparable to the nuclear safeguards applied for plutonium and uranium. It is a neglected material in efforts to control the spread and
Download or read book Nuclear Nonproliferation written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nonproliferation Issues written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Subcommittee on Arms Control, International Organizations, and Security Agreements and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NUCLEAR NONPROLIFERATION Controls Over the Commercial Sale and Export of Tritium Can Be Improved written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report responds to February 8 and March 5, 1990, requests by Reps. Dingell and Markey that the General Accounting Office (GAO) examine the adequacy of existing controls by the Department of Energy (DOE) and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) on the commercial sales and exports of tritium, a radioactive isotope of hydrogen that can be used to enhance the explosive power of nuclear weapons. The Reprsentatives expressed concern about reported losses of radioactive tritium gas from DOE's Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Subsequently, GAO met with their offices and agreed to examine the following issues: The promptness and adequacy of DOE's and NRC's investigations into the major tritium discrepancies which occurred in 1988 at 0RNL, including any investigations into the possibility that the tritium might have been stolen or diverted; The weaknesses in the management and operation of the DOE isotope sales program that led to reported tritium discrepancies and the weaknesses in existing material controls over and accounting for tritium; Whether DOE and NRC should reevaluate their positions on the level of controls required for possessing and shipping tritium or the reporting requirements imposed on tritium licensees, including the feasibility and desirability of having NRC include a determination of tritium end use in its inspections of licensees to alleviate concerns that tritium might not be used as intended.
Download or read book Internationalization to Prevent the Spread of Nuclear Weapons written by Stockholm International Peace Research Institute and published by Crane Russak, Incorporated. This book was released on 1980 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Nonproliferation written by Stati Uniti. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Eliminating Nuclear Threats written by International Commission on Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tritium on Ice written by Kenneth D. Bergeron and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004-09-17 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dangers of a United States government plan to abandon its fifty-year policy of keeping civilian and military uses of nuclear technology separate. In December 1998, Energy Secretary Bill Richardson announced that the U.S. planned to begin producing tritium for its nuclear weapons in commercial nuclear power plants. This decision overturned a fifty-year policy of keeping civilian and military nuclear production processes separate. Tritium, a radioactive form of hydrogen, is needed to turn A-bombs into H-bombs, and the commercial nuclear power plants that are to be modified to produce tritium are called ice condensers. This book provides an insider's perspective on how Richardson's decision came about, and why it is dangerous. Kenneth Bergeron shows that the new policy is unwise not only because it undermines the U.S. commitment to curb nuclear weapons proliferation but also because it will exacerbate serious safety problems at these commercial power facilities, which are operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority and are among the most marginal in the United States. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission's review of the TVA's request to modify its plants for the new nuclear weapons mission should attract significant attention and opposition. Tritium on Ice is part expose, part history, part science for the lay reader, and part political science. Bergeron's discussion of how the issues of nuclear weapons proliferation and nuclear reactor safety have become intertwined illuminates larger issues about how the federal government does or does not manage technology in the interests of its citizens and calls into question the integrity of government-funded safety assessments in a deregulated economy.
Download or read book Nonproliferation Issues For Weapons of Mass Destruction written by Mark A. Prelas and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-01-12 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonproliferation Issues for Weapons of Mass Destruction provides an understanding of WMD proliferation risks by bridging complex technical and political issues. The text begins by defining the world conditions that foster proliferation, followed by an analysis of characteristics of various classes of WMDs, including nuclear, biological, and chemica
Download or read book Nuclear Proliferation and International Security written by Sverre Lodgaard and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-06-11 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty has long been key in non-proliferation and disarmament activities. The Treaty is the major international legal obstacle for states seeking nuclear weapon capabilities. In retrospect, and despite setbacks, the overall impact of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty has been significant and gratifying. Its continued success is by no means guaranteed. As old nuclear dangers persist and new ones evolve, policies to halt nuclear proliferation are more disparate than at any other time. Nuclear weapons remain an essential part of the security policies of leading states and many developmental states maintain strong nuclear weapon ambitions, while terrorists have actively been seeking nuclear capabilities. In search of an overarching strategy that recognizes both the flaws of the existing non-proliferation regime, and the value of some of the corrections proposed by regime critics, this volume assesses contemporary efforts to stem nuclear proliferation. In doing so, Nuclear Proliferation and International Security examines a number of cases with a view to recommending better non-proliferation tools and strategies. The contributors comprise renowned international scholars, who have been selected to obtain the best possible analyses of critically important issues related to international non-proliferation dynamics and the future integrity of the Non-Proliferation Treaty.
Download or read book The Nuclear Ban Treaty written by Ramesh Thakur and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-12-21 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contributors to this book describe, discuss, and evaluate the normative reframing brought about by the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (the Ban Treaty), taking you on a journey through its genesis and negotiation history to the shape of the emerging global nuclear order. Adopted by the United Nations on 7 July 2017, the Ban Treaty came into effect on 22 January 2021. For advocates and supporters, weapons that were always immoral are now also illegal. To critics, it represents a profound threat to the stability of the existing global nuclear order with the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty as the normative anchor. As the most significant leap in nuclear disarmament in fifty years and a rare case study of successful state-civil society partnership in multilateral diplomacy, the Ban Treaty challenges the established order. The book’s contributors are leading experts on the Ban Treaty, including senior scholars, policymakers and civil society activists. A vital guide to the Ban Treaty for students of nuclear disarmament, arms control and diplomacy as well as for policymakers in those fields.
Download or read book U N Special Session on Disarmament written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Non proliferation Treaty written by Jozef Goldblat and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Exporting the Bomb written by Matthew H. Kroenig and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2011-10-15 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a vitally important book for anyone interested in nuclear proliferation, defense strategy, or international security, Matthew Kroenig points out that nearly every country with a nuclear weapons arsenal received substantial help at some point from a more advanced nuclear state. Why do some countries help others to develop nuclear weapons? Many analysts assume that nuclear transfers are driven by economic considerations. States in dire economic need, they suggest, export sensitive nuclear materials and technology—and ignore the security risk—in a desperate search for hard currency. Kroenig challenges this conventional wisdom. He finds that state decisions to provide sensitive nuclear assistance are the result of a coherent, strategic logic. The spread of nuclear weapons threatens powerful states more than it threatens weak states, and these differential effects of nuclear proliferation encourage countries to provide sensitive nuclear assistance under certain strategic conditions. Countries are more likely to export sensitive nuclear materials and technology when it would have the effect of constraining an enemy and less likely to do so when it would threaten themselves. In Exporting the Bomb, Kroenig examines the most important historical cases, including France's nuclear assistance to Israel in the 1950s and 1960s; the Soviet Union's sensitive transfers to China from 1958 to 1960; China's nuclear aid to Pakistan in the 1980s; and Pakistan's recent technology transfers, with the help of "rogue" scientist A. Q. Khan, from 1987 to 2002. Understanding why states provide sensitive nuclear assistance not only adds to our knowledge of international politics but also aids in international efforts to control the spread of nuclear weapons.
Download or read book The New Nuclear Forensics written by Vitaly Fedchenko and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear material changes its form and properties as it moves through the nuclear fuel cycle, from one facility to another. Each step of the fuel cycle or each use of the material will inevitably leave its mark. The science of determining the history of a sample of nuclear material through the study of these characteristics is known as nuclear forensics. While nuclear forensic analysis has normally been associated with investigations and prosecutions in the contextof trafficking of nuclear materials or nuclear terrorism, it had wider applications in in national security contexts, such as nuclear non-proliferation, disarmament, and arms control. The New Nuclear Forensics is the first book to give a definitive guide to this broader definition of nuclear forensic analysis. This book describes the various methods used in nuclear forensics, giving first a broad introduction to the process followed by details of relevant measurement techniques and procedures. In each case, the advantages and limitations are outlined. To put these methods in context, the book also recounts the history of the discipline anddescribes the diverse contemporary applications of nuclear forensics.
Download or read book Coming to Terms with Security written by Steve Tulliu and published by United Nations Publications UNIDIR. This book was released on 2003 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This glossary provides clear and precise definitions of arms control terms and places them in a historical context. It introduces the reader to the primary themes and concepts in the field of arms control and explains relevant terminology. The publication looks at the major arms control and disarmament agreements related to conventional, biological, chemical and nuclear weapons. The information is presented in English and Spanish.
Download or read book Dismantling the Bomb and Managing the Nuclear Materials written by United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment and published by Congress. This book was released on 1993 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
