Download or read book International Airline Alliances EC Competition Law US Antitrust Law and International Air Transport written by Angela Cheng-Jui Lu and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new study takes a keen look at the problems facing the international community due to conflicts arising from applications of varying competition laws by different competition authorities to international airline alliances. As a result of privatisation, deregulation, liberalisation and globalisation, international air carriers form alliances with one another in order to cope with growing competition in the international air transport market. This book clearly provides an introduction to the background to and origin of airline alliances, different models of alliances and the related anti-competitive practices resulting from existing international airline alliances. The potential anti-competitive practices resulting from these cross-border alliances trigger a great deal of concern from various competition authorities. Thus, this study goes on to provide a detailed analysis regarding the relevant EC competition law and US antitrust law and their applications to alliance activities. The comparison of different applications of EC competition law and US antitrust law to international airline alliances provides leading research results first-hand. In the conclusion, the essential elements regarding establishing a level playing field in the international air transport market are identified and the author provides possible solutions for the harmonisation of different applications of competition law to international airline alliances.
Download or read book Harmonising Regulatory and Antitrust Regimes for International Air Transport written by Jan Walulik and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-11-29 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Harmonising Regulatory and Antitrust Regimes for International Air Transport addresses the timely and problematic issue of lack of uniformity in legal standards for international civil aviation. The book focuses on discrepancies within the regulatory and antitrust framework, comprehensively reveals the major legal limitations and conflicts, and presents possible solutions thereto. It discusses possible strategies for multilateralisation and defragmentation of air law, and for international harmonisation of airline economic regulation with fair competition standards. This discussion extends to competition between air transport law and other legal regimes as well as to specific regulatory problems related to air transport. The unique feature of the book is that it reconciles distinct perspectives on these issues presented by renowned aviation and aerospace experts who represent the world’s key air transport markets and air law academic centres. By providing unbiased solutions that could serve as a base for future international arrangements, this book will be invaluable for aviation professionals, as well as students and scholars with an interest in air law, economic regulation, antitrust studies, international relations, transportation policy and airline management.
Download or read book Competition and Regulation in the Airline Industry written by Steven Truxal and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-01-04 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of the relationship between competition and the deregulation and liberalisation of the US and European air transport sectors reveals that the structure of the air transport sector has undergone a number of significant changes. A growing number of airlines are entering into horizontal and vertical cooperative arrangements and integration including franchising, codeshare agreements, alliances, ‘virtual mergers’ and in some cases, mergers with other airlines, groups of airlines or other complementary lines of business such as airports. This book considers the current legal issues affecting the air transport sector incorporating recent developments in the industry, including the end of certain exemptions from EU competition rules, the effect of the EU-US Open Skies Agreement, the accession of new EU Member States and the Lisbon Treaty. The book explores the differing European and US regulatory approaches to the changes in the industry and examines how airlines have remained economically efficient in what is perceived as a complex and confused regulatory environment. Competition and Regulation in the Airline Industry will be of particular interest to academics and students of competition law as well as EU law.
Download or read book International Aviation Agreements and Antitrust Immunity written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Antitrust, Business Rights, and Competition and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book European Union Competition Law in the Airline Industry written by John Milligan and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2017-04-15 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the liberalisation of air transport in the EU in the late 1980s, with the application of competition law to agreements and practices within the EU, and between EU and non-EU airlines since 2004, competition has intensifi ed and the industry has evolved, with the emergence of low cost carriers, greater consolidation between full service carriers through mergers and alliances, and most recently, convergence of business models as airlines respond to competitive pressures. The enforcement of competition law has also increased within the EU – at EU and EU member state level and internationally. This practical and thoroughly researched book, minimising the need for cross-referencing, is the only current comprehensive study of European competition law from the perspective of the airline industry. Among the issues and topics covered are the following: - commercial agreements between airlines such as code-sharing, mergers and alliances and other joint ventures; - means of distribution such as computer reservation (or global distribution) systems and travel agents; - supply and distribution agreements; - abusive conduct by dominant companies including airports, airlines, or other companies; - cartels, including the Airfreight cartel case; - information exchange between competitors; - procedure, enforcement and private actions for damages; - state aid to airlines by Governments, through agreements between regional airports and low cost carriers, and aid to airports; and - subsidies by non-EU countries to airlines. The author also gives an overview of the liberalisation process, the European Common Aviation Area, agreements with non-EU countries, latest developments (including Brexit) and ongoing trends. As a practical guide to the application of competition law in relation to drafting commercial agreements, planning and structuring mergers and alliances, assessing existing agreements, or handling claims or disputes among airlines or airports, legal practitioners in the transport fi eld will fi nd this book to be of inestimable value, as will business persons at airlines and airports. For regulators, academics, and university libraries, this book will also prove itself indispensable.
Download or read book Transatlantic Airline Alliances Competitive Issues and Regulatory Approaches written by European Commission and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International Aviation Alliances written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Antitrust, Business Rights, and Competition and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book European Aviation Law written by Paul Stephen Dempsey and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Once a byword for the economic power of national government - with competition strictly regulated - European commercial aviation has now virtually become a market without state-imposed anticompetitive restrictions. Although intended to enhance competition, this situation has in fact driven airlines to form massive global alliances cartels that offer ever-shrinking benefits to the consumer. In this extraordinarily thorough, blow-by-blow analysis of how this happened ? or was allowed to happen ? one of the world?s most eminent aviation law authorities explores the subject with a lucid insight fully informed by historical breadth and a keen appreciation of current pressures. Commercial aviation emerges as the crucible par excellence of the convergence of prevailing global ideology, economics, and international law. Among the numerous interrelated topics investigated in depth by Professor Dempsey, the following may be mentioned: the principal actors, including scores of airlines, the European Union, and a number of air transport associations; the labyrinth of bilateral air transport agreements; the relevance of the Treaty of Rome?s competition rules and the EU merger regulations to air transport; the important Court of Justice cases that circumscribed the zone of application in which the competition rules can regulate air transport: French Seamen?s Case, Transport Policy Decision, Olympic Airway, Nouvelles Fronti?res, Ahmed Saeed, and the 2002 `Open Skies? Decision; the 1991 U.S.-EC agreement regarding the application of competition laws; the sequence of EU aviation regulatory `packages?; regulation of non-economic issues (air traffic congestion, noise limitations, air carrier liability, civil aviation accident/incident investigations, denied boarding compensation); the effect of the U.S. government?s increasing invocation of antitrust immunity; computer reservation systems (especially code-sharing procedures); jointly-owned web sites for ticket sales and other e-commerce joint ventures; frequent flyer program alliances; and the emergence of global megacarriers. The author?s presentation emphasizes the regulatory constructs that currently affect the European air transport market: pricing and tariffs, pooling of revenue, market access (licensing, capacity limits, traffic rights, slot allocation), ground handlings, cargo services, state aid, and the power of the EU to act on the commercial aviation world stage for Member States. Each of these areas of analysis begins with an overview of the general regulatory environment for that area followed by a detailed chronological delineation of relevant packages, proposals, resolutions, and regulations. Because of the enormous role played by international air transport with respect to gross national product, employment, and energy consumption, European Aviation Law is of great importance not only to European lawyers but to officials, policymakers, practitioners, and academics in a number of relevant fields worldwide.
Download or read book International Airline Alliances written by Angela Cheng-Jui Lu and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Evolution of European Competition Law written by Hanns Ullrich and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Professor Ullrich is thoughtful and attracted star scholars from many countries, so the papers and discussion are provocative and introduce recent economic thinking, although many are written by lawyers. . . The text is lucid and interesting, the thought innovative and anyone seriously interested in competition policy should read these papers and the comments with pleasure. Valentine Korah, World Competition This collection of papers and comments deserves to be widely read, and it should appeal to academics and practitioners alike. The great mix of topics and the variety of views offered make this a very stimulating contribution to the discussion of the new paradigm of EC competition law, the more economic approach, and its implications for the application and interpretation of the various EU antitrust rules. Thomas Eilmansberger, European Law Journal The editor should be congratulated for bringing together this diverse group of scholars whose spirited disagreements remind one of the many challenges faced in exploring the role and function of competition law. Giorgio Monti, European Review of Contract Law With contributions from leading scholars from all over Europe and the US, this book covers the major areas of substantive competition law from an evolutionary perspective. The leitmotiv of the book has been to assess the dividing line between safeguarding and regulating competition, which it does by reviewing the following subjects: foundations of competition policy in the EU and the US strategic competition policy the evolution of European competition law from a national (Italian) perspective the block exemption of vertical agreements after four years the new Technology Transfer Block Exemption cooperative networking mergers in the media sector abuse of market power concepts of competition in sector specific regulation competition, regulation and systems coherence efficiency claims in EU competition law and sector specific regulation. The Evolution of European Competition Law will be of great interest to lawyers, economists, academics, judges and public officials working in the fields of competition law and policy.
Download or read book Law and Policy of Substantial Ownership and Effective Control of Airlines written by Isabelle Lelieur and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The principle of airline substantial ownership and effective control is one of the biggest impediments to the air transport industry growth. Legitimately included in the bilateral agreements since 1946 for national security reasons, States have maintained the principle over the years and used it as a protectionist tool, as well as a bargaining chip. Today, considering that liberalization and globalization concepts are already well-established in the biggest industrial sectors, and a large number of cross-border investments occurs in most of the service sectors through mergers and acquisitions, the time is ripe to remove national restrictions on foreign investments from the airline industry. This comprehensive book identifies those factors that still justify the imposition of national ownership restrictions on airlines and examines the prospects for change in the current policies and regulatory regimes that support them. The readership includes specialists in government departments of transportation, civil aviation authorities and agencies, international organizations, airline executives concerned with general management, economic, legal and public affairs, aviation lawyers, airline pilot associations, law schools concerned with international aviation law.
Download or read book Fundamentals of International Aviation Law and Policy written by Benjamyn I. Scott and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of International Aviation Law and Policy offers students a systematic, tailored and dynamic approach to understanding the legal scenario concerning international civil aviation. The book dynamically covers the major areas of international aviation law, and provides an introduction to the multifaceted international regulation of aviation activities in the sphere of public and private law. The book is designed to provide the reader with the fundamental notions concerning international aviation law. It adopts an interactive approach, which aims at engaging the reader by way of using learning tools. The main areas of public and private aviation law are dealt with from a regulatory and practical perspective, and include detailed analyses of existing and applicable legislations, as well as landmark court cases and decisions. Each chapter is tailored to confer to readers a thorough knowledge of the international and, if any, the European applicable legislation. Delivery of these aims is attained through a dynamic and balanced use of didactic instruments and immediate information. The book is intended for a varied audience of students and professionals involved in the aviation world, without requiring the possession of specific legal knowledge or background. It also aims to constitute a useful reference material for those who are familiar with legal terminology and aviation specifics.
Download or read book Indian Review of Air and Space Law written by Adithya Variath and published by Centre for Research in Air and Space Law, MNLU Mumbai . This book was released on 2023-10-08 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indian Review of Air and Space Law published by the Centre for Research in Air and Space Law at Maharashtra National Law University Mumbai aims to provide a unique forum for practitioners, regulators, policymakers and academics who deal with international, regional and national aviation and space law and policy. It is an academically led peer-reviewed academic review that aims to publish high-quality scholarship on air and space law spanning all areas including comparative, international and multidisciplinary perspectives.
Download or read book Competition Law in Times of Crisis written by Conor Talbot and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2018-12-11 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the role and utility of competition law within the EU’s legislative and regulatory dialogue, using its response to crisis conditions as a test of its aims and abilities. As such, its main conclusion is that competition policy acts as a forum for debate as to the direction of the European integration project, while competition law can serve as a tool for aiding in the implementation of broader policy objectives. The analysis here explores the role of the general economic context in the application of competition law, the existence of identifiable baselines applicable in crisis conditions, the ability and role of national competition authorities in applying competition law, and the ways in which the European Commission’s overarching policy goals can influence the application of competition law. The decision to take an empirical approach to this research project stems from a conviction that an investigation into the real world situations faced by firms and consumers should underpin the evaluation of the applicable legal rules. Over the past number of years, the Commission has exerted more and more influence over the development of the regional and global airline industry, and this book identifies the emergence of an apparent overarching aim on the part of the Commission to create a market with a handful of ultra-competitive airlines with international reach serviced by an array of smaller feeder airlines on a regional basis. The study of Irish beef processing, on the other hand, identifies a high level of government involvement in providing the strategic thinking behind a crisis cartel scheme, and then demonstrates how the economic context exerted considerably more pressure on the government and the national court than on the competition authorities involved.
Download or read book RETRACTED The Regulation of Transnational Mergers in International and European Law written by Dimitris Liakopoulos and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2009-12-07 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The major problem associated with the regulation of transnational mergers, which affect several national markets, is the allocation of jurisdiction. Each country concerned may wish to exert jurisdiction and apply its national competition law to regulate the anti-competitive effects a merger may have in its territory. However, this approach may lead to risks of inconsistent decisions regarding the legality of mergers. Indeed, the national competition laws applied by the regulating authorities may diverge in several aspects, which raise the likelihood of inconsistency. Therefore it is desirable to opt for regulatory approaches which are more sensitive to the transnational nature of mergers and which allow cooperation between competition authorities. A possible solution may be bilateral cooperation agreements through which two countries coordinate the enforcement activities of their national competition authorities. However, the benefits of these agreements are enjoyed only by the signatory parties. The sole reliance upon bilateral agreements does not appear to be the optimal regulatory approach towards transnational mergers.
Download or read book Global Air Transport Management and Reshaping Business Models for the New Era written by Kankaew, Kannapat and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2022-05-27 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The air transport industry is highly vulnerable to environmental changes as was seen when the recent COVID-19 pandemic caused most airline operations to cease. However, for decades airlines have been collapsing around the globe as the business of managing airline operations has become stressed due to price competition. This is detrimental to air carriers since air transport products and services are the same. Moreover, it impacts other industries such as tourism, hotels, and restaurants, which contribute to the derailment of economic and social activities. Thus, it is essential to determine new practices and strategies that can allow air transport management to be enriched and to flourish. Global Air Transport Management and Reshaping Business Models for the New Era provides a comprehensive collection of knowledge on the new era of business management on air transport. It provides strategies, technologies, and tools used in the reshaping of the air transport business model. Covering topics such as customer experience, robotic process automation, and airline alliances, this major reference work is an essential resource for airline managers, supply chain specialists, air transport managers, students and faculty of higher education, libraries, researchers, economists, government officials, and academicians.
Download or read book Introduction to Air Law written by Pablo Mendes de Leon and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2022-08-11 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world of aviation has moved on rapidly since the appearance of the ninth edition of this pre-eminent resource five years ago. Those developments pertain to market access and market behaviour by air carriers, including competition, new perceptions of safety and security, among others, in relation to transparency of accident investigation and cybersecurity, case law in the area of airline liability, with new cases from the United States, product liability and insurance, the United Kingdom, and elsewhere, the growing importance of environmental concerns, the rights and obligations of passengers, also in the context of ‘unruly’ passengers, and innovative methods for financing aircraft. Special attention has been paid in this edition to regional integration movements, especially in Europe, affecting the mentioned subjects. The book’s extensive references to other sources in the field have been expanded and updated by the author and experts in specialised areas. The present edition addresses the following topics: the regulatory framework governing the operation of air services, including the principle of sovereignty in national airspace; the distinction between State and civil aircraft; dispute settlement in international civil aviation; economic regulation of international air transport services, including the establishment of air services agreements; inter-airline cooperation in the context of competition law regimes; liability of the various service providers, in particular airlines, and related insurance coverage; the promotion of safety standards; criminal acts affecting the safety of aviation; the role of international and regional organisations with particular reference to that of the European Union; liability of the aircraft manufacturer for equipment; and financial and security interests in mobile equipment. The many practitioners, officials, business people, and academics with a professional interest in aviation law will appreciate this new edition as one of the fundamental works in the field, and newcomers will discover an incomparable resource. This eleventh edition is ready to be of unmatched service to any practising member of the air law community anywhere in the world.
