Download or read book Internal Gravity Waves and Small scale Turbulence written by Peter Müller and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Internal Gravity Waves and Small Scale Turbulence Proceedings of Aha Huliko a Hawaiian Winter Workshop 2nd Held at Manoa on January 17 20 1984 written by P. Muller and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: Oceanic Shear Spectra from a Submarine; Towed Observations of Internal Waves and Patches of Fine-Scale Turbulence; The Transition from Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability to Turbulence; Internal Waves and Mixing in the Ocean: Observations and Speculations; Richardson Number Approach to Internal Wave Instability in the Ocean and Stratosphere; Recent Observations of Near-Inertial Frequency Internal Waves; The Wavenumber Frequency Spectrum of the Internal Wavefield; The Monthly Variability of the Upper-Ocean Internal Wave Energy: A Progress Report on the Correspondence with Wind Stress; Internal Wave Climatology: An Update; Estimates of Cross-Isopycnal Diffusivities from Climatological Hydrographic Data; Parameterizing the Effects of Internal Waves: Simple Ideas and Things We Need to Know; How Much Internal Wave Energy is Redistributed or Lost Through Bottom Reflection; Interaction of Internal Waves of Near-Inertial Frequencies; Transport of Small-Scale Internal Waves Toward Microstructure; Probing the Internal Wave Strong Interaction Regime by Numerical Experimentation; Small-Scale Vortical Motions; Stability of Inviscid Stratified Flows Under Nonlinear Perturbations; Closure for Turbulent Velocity/Pressure-Gradient Correlations in Nonuniform Flows; The Atmospheric Noise Spectrum-Waves or Stratified Turbulence?; New Directions in Internal Wave and Microstructure Research (reprinted from EOS).
Download or read book Internal Gravity Waves written by Bruce R. Sutherland and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-09-02 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of internal gravity waves provides many challenges: they move along interfaces as well as in fully three-dimensional space, at relatively fast temporal and small spatial scales, making them difficult to observe and resolve in weather and climate models. Solving the equations describing their evolution poses various mathematical challenges associated with singular boundary value problems and large amplitude dynamics. This book provides the first comprehensive treatment of the theory for small and large amplitude internal gravity waves. Over 120 schematics, numerical simulations and laboratory images illustrate the theory and mathematical techniques, and 130 exercises enable the reader to apply their understanding of the theory. This is an invaluable single resource for academic researchers and graduate students studying the motion of waves within the atmosphere and ocean, and also mathematicians, physicists and engineers interested in the properties of propagating, growing and breaking waves.
Download or read book Marine Turbulence written by J.C.J. Nihoul and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1980-01-01 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine Turbulence
Download or read book Small Scale Turbulence and Mixing in the Ocean written by J.C.J. Nihoul and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1988-05-01 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the proceedings of the 19th International Liège Colloquium on Ocean Hydrodynamics, the programme of which focused on the relationships between small-scale mixing and large-scale features, transports and processes. The presentation of papers on various methods of parameterization of small-scale turbulent mixing for numerical ocean models was particularly encouraged and this resulted in more than a third of the papers presented at the Colloquium dealing in one way or another with the parameterization problems; many of these papers demonstrate the direct results of modelling. These proportions are well reflected in this volume of proceedings and thus emphasize once more the importance of small-scale turbulence research for such vital practical applications as ocean modelling and forecasting.
Download or read book Instabilities Turbulence and Mixing from Internal Waves at Bottom Topography written by Vamsi Krishna Chalamalla and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study of nonlinear processes and turbulence associated with internal gravity waves has three phases. In the first phase, the reflection problem is studied with simulations involving laboratory-scale slopes whose inclination varies between critical (resonant case with slope angle equal to wave propagation angle) and somewhat off-critical values. We start with three-dimensional direct numerical simulation (DNS) and find strong nonlinearity in the response if the off-criticality is not too large: harmonics in the radiated wave field and cyclical near-bottom turbulence. Subharmonic frequencies are found slightly away from the interaction region in some cases, prompting a followup study with two-dimensional simulations where the underlying mechanism is identified as parametric subharmonic instability (PSI) of the reflected wave beam: the sum of the frequencies and the sum of the wave numbers of the daughter subharmonic waves equal the corresponding quantities for the reflected wave. This is the first demonstration that the reflected wave formed when a small-amplitude linear wave is incident on a slope becomes sufficiently nonlinear so as to suffer PSI. In the second phase, DNS and large eddy simulation (LES) are employed to study the turbulent dissipation and mixing brought about by convective overturns in a stratified, oscillatory bottom layer underneath internal waves. The phasing of turbulence, the onset and breakdown of convective overturns, and the pathway to irreversible mixing are quantified. $L_T$ decreases during the convective instability while $L_O$ increases, which implies that $L_T$ is not linearly related to $L_O$. Thus, the instantaneous Thorpe-inferred dissipation rates are quite different from the actual values. However, the ratio of their cycle-averaged values is found to be O(1). In the third phase, a novel modeling technique called SOMAR-LES has been developed wherein a three-dimensional, body-conforming Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model that resolves turbulence scales is coupled with the large-sale Stratified Ocean Model with Adaptive Refinement (SOMAR) to accurately represent small scale turbulence as well as its effect on flow evolution at large scale. Numerical simulations are performed with coupled SOMAR-LES to examine the flow at model Kaena ridge, a steep supercritical generation site.
Download or read book Internal Gravity Waves in the Ocean written by Jo Roberts and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Small Scale Processes in Geophysical Fluid Flows written by Lakshmi H. Kantha and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-08-07 with total page 921 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While ocean waves are the most visible example of oceanic mixing processes, this macroscale mixing process represents but one end of the spectrum of mixing processes operating in the ocean. At the scale of a typical phytoplanktoic diatom or larval fish inhabiting these seas, the most important mixing processes occur on the molecular scale - at the scale of turbulence. Physical-biological interactions at this scale are of paramount importance to the productivity of the seas (fisheries) and the heat balance that controls large scale ocean climate phenomena such as El Niño and tornadoes. This book grew out of the need for a comprehensive treatment of the diverse elements of geophysical fluid flow at the microscale. Kantha and Clayson have arranged a logial exposition of the various mixing processes operating within and between the oceans and its boundaries with the atmosphere and ocean floor. The authors' intent is to develop a volume that would provide a comprehensive treatment of the fundamental elements of ocean mixing so that students, academics, and professional fluid dynamicists and oceanographers can access this essential information from one source. This volume will serve as both a valuable reference tool for mathematically inclined limnologists, oceanographers and fluid modelers.* Simple models of oceanic and atmospheric boundary layers are discussed* Comprehensive and up-to-date review* Useful for graduate level course* Essential for modeling the oceans and the atmosphere* Color Plates
Download or read book Ocean Dynamics written by Dirk Olbers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-04-27 with total page 717 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ocean Dynamics’ is a concise introduction to the fundamentals of fluid mechanics, non-equilibrium thermodynamics and the common approximations for geophysical fluid dynamics, presenting a comprehensive approach to large-scale ocean circulation theory. The book is written on the physical and mathematical level of graduate students in theoretical courses of physical oceanography, meteorology and environmental physics. An extensive bibliography and index, extensive side notes and recommendations for further reading, and a comparison with the specific atmospheric physics where applicable, makes this volume also a useful reading for researchers. Each of the four parts of the book – fundamental laws, common approximations, ocean waves, oceanic turbulence and eddies, and selected aspects of ocean dynamics – starts with elementary considerations, blending then classical topics with more advanced developments of fluid mechanics and theoretical oceanography. The last part covers the theory of the global wind-driven circulation in homogeneous and stratified regimes, the circulation and overturning in the Southern Ocean, and the global meridional overturning and thermohaline-driven circulation. Emphasis is placed on simple physical models rather than access to extensive numerical results, enabling students to understand and reproduce the complex theory mostly by analytical means. All equations and models are derived in detail and illustrated by numerous figures. The appendix provides short excursions into the mathematical background, such as vector analysis, statistics, and differential equations
Download or read book Aeronomy of the Earth s Atmosphere and Ionosphere written by Mangalathayil Ali Abdu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-26 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a multi-author treatise on the most outstanding research problems in the field of the aeronomy of the Earth’s atmosphere and ionosphere, encompassing the science covered by Division II of the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA). It contains several review articles and detailed papers by leading scientists in the field. The book is organized in five parts: 1) Mesosphere-Lower Thermosphere Dynamics and Chemistry; 2) Vertical Coupling by Upward Propagating Waves; 3) Ionospheric Electrodynamics and Structuring; 4) Thermosphere- Ionosphere Coupling, Dynamics and Trends and 5) Ionosphere-Thermosphere Disturbances and Modeling. The book consolidates the progress achieved in the field in recent years and it serves as a useful reference for graduate students as well as experienced researchers.
Download or read book Turbulence and Internal Waves in Tidal Flow Over Topography written by Bishakhdatta Gayen and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) and Large Eddy Simulation (LES) are used to investigate and quantify the dynamical processes underlying turbulence formed during the generation of an internal wave beam and its subsequent interaction with a realistically stratified upper ocean. As a part of the thesis, a three-dimensional mixed spectral/finite difference code was developed, parallelized, validated and employed to study several geophysical problems relevant to internal tide generation and its nonlinear breaking. The thesis research has four phases. In the first phase, a study of a stratified non-sloping bottom boundary layer under an oscillating tide was completed. The focus is on the boundary layer response to an external stratification based on LES. Flow instabilities and turbulence in the bottom boundary layer are found to excite internal gravity waves that propagate away into the ambient with phase angle varying over the tidal cycle. Subsequent studies as part of the second phase consider a stratified oscillating flow over a sloping bottom wall to mimic the generation of baroclinic internal waves (IW) from the tide-topography interaction at a model continental slope. The DNS study shows transition to turbulence, which is present along the entire extent of the near-critical region of the slope in the regime of low background excursion number and Reynolds number. The transition is found to be initiated by a convective instability, which is closely followed by shear instability. The peak value of the near-bottom velocity is found to increase with increasing length of the critical region of the topography. The scaling law that is observed to link the near-bottom peak velocity to slope length is explained by an analytical boundary layer solution that incorporates an empirically obtained turbulent viscosity. As an extension of the second phase, the objective of the third phase work is to numerically model a near-bottom beam with a larger, more realistic width using LES and characterize its turbulence statistics. Maximum turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation rate are found just after the zero velocity point when flow reverses from downslope to upslope motion. The phasing and other characteristics of the turbulent mixing in the present simulations show remarkable similarity with that observed off Kaena Ridge in Hawaii taken during the hawaiian ocean mixing experiment (HOME), and may be explained by the beam-scale convective overturns found here. The objective of the final phase is to understand the interaction process between an IW beam and an upper ocean pycnocline and to further characterize the cascade to small scales in the context of IW beam degradation observed in the ocean.
Download or read book Environmental Stratified Flows written by Vincenzo Armenio and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-03-07 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the theory of stratified flows, from basic concepts to recent developments in environmental fluid mechanics. State-of-the-art numerical techniques suited for stratified flows are given, along with results of recent research in the areas of environmental stratified flows. The book offers a unified view of stratified turbulent flows, from small-scale mixing to large-scale environmental phenomena, including detailed discussion on interaction between turbulence and internal gravity waves.
Download or read book Turbulence in Rotating Stratified and Electrically Conducting Fluids written by P. A. Davidson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-09-12 with total page 701 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are two recurring themes in astrophysical and geophysical fluid mechanics: waves and turbulence. This book investigates how turbulence responds to rotation, stratification or magnetic fields, identifying common themes, where they exist, as well as the essential differences which inevitably arise between different classes of flow. The discussion is developed from first principles, making the book suitable for graduate students as well as professional researchers. The author focuses first on the fundamentals and then progresses to such topics as the atmospheric boundary layer, turbulence in the upper atmosphere, turbulence in the core of the earth, zonal winds in the giant planets, turbulence within the interior of the sun, the solar wind, and turbulent flows in accretion discs. The book will appeal to engineers, geophysicists, astrophysicists and applied mathematicians who are interested in naturally occurring turbulent flows.
Download or read book Internal Gravity Waves in the Equatorial Pacific written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mixing in the ocean surface layer is an important process in the transport of heat, momentum, and CO[sub 2] into the deep ocean, For example, the flux of heat into the cold, upwelling water in equatorial regions provides one of the major heat sources driving the ocean circulation. Direct measurements of the ocean mixed layer have provided good estimates of the bulk layer properties. However, estimates of the small-scale effects of intenial waves and related turbulence have remained ambiguous because of the difficulty in observing these processes. Until more detailed measurements become available, numerical models can provide a convenient and cost-effective way to analyze the details of the surface mixed layer. Modeling the surface layer of the equatorial Pacific Ocean is challenging because of the strong vertical current shear and density stratification common to the region. The primary zonal current is the eastward flowing Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) centered at roughly 120 m depth, with a speed of about 1.5 ms[sup [minus]1] as shown in Figure 1. The EUC is forced by a zonal pressure gradient resulting from the westward directed surface wind stress. Above the EUC, the wind stress directly forces thee South Equatorial Current (SEC), which flows westward with a speed of about 0.5 ms[sup [minus]1]. The shear zone generated by these currents is marginally stable and exhibits a diurnal cycle of turbulence dependent on convection forced by surface cooling. In addition, surface convection forces internal gravity waves, which can transport momentum away from the surface current to deeper waters. In this report, we discuss recent modeling results for the equatorial Pacific showing the generation of convection, turbulence, and internal waves.
Download or read book Progress in Turbulence III written by Joachim Peinke and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-28 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This third issue on “progress in turbulence” is based on the third ITI conference (ITI interdisciplinary turbulence initiative), which took place in Bertinoro, North Italy. Researchers from the engineering and physical sciences gathered to present latest results on the rather notorious difficult and essentially unsolved problem of turbulence. This challenge is driving us in doing basic as well as applied research. Clear progress can be seen from these contributions in different aspects. New - phisticated methods achieve more and more insights into the underlying compl- ity of turbulence. The increasing power of computational methods allows studying flows in more details. Increasing demands of high precision large turbulence - periments become aware. In further applications turbulence seem to play a central issue. As such a new field this time the impact of turbulence on the wind energy conversion process has been chosen. Beside all progress our ability to numerically calculate high Reynolds number turbulent flows from Navier-Stokes equations at high precision, say the drag co- ficient of an airfoil below one percent, is rather limited, not to speak of our lack of knowledge to compute this analytically from first principles. This is rather - markable since the fundamental equations of fluid flow, the Navier-Stokes eq- tions, have been known for more than 150 years.
Download or read book Dynamics of Internal Gravity Waves in the Ocean written by Yu.Z. Miropol'sky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph creates a systematic interpretation of the theoretical and the most actual experimental aspects of the internal wave dynamics in the ocean. Firstly, it draws attention to the important physical effects from an oceanographical point of view which are presented in mathematical descriptions. Secondly, the book serves as an introduction to the range of modern ideas and the methods in the study of wave processes in dispersive media. The book is meant for specialists in physics of the ocean, oceanography, geophysics, hydroacoustics.
Download or read book The Turbulent Ocean written by S. A. Thorpe and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-10-27 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subject of ocean turbulence is in a state of discovery and development with many intellectual challenges. This book describes the principal dynamic processes that control the distribution of turbulence, its dissipation of kinetic energy and its effects on the dispersion of properties such as heat, salinity, and dissolved or suspended matter in the deep ocean, the shallow coastal and the continental shelf seas. It focuses on the measurement of turbulence, and the consequences of turbulent motion in the oceanic boundary layers at the sea surface and near the seabed. Processes are illustrated by examples of laboratory experiments and field observations. The Turbulent Ocean provides an excellent resource for senior undergraduate and graduate courses, as well as an introduction and general overview for researchers. It will be of interest to all those involved in the study of fluid motion, in particular geophysical fluid mechanics, meteorology and the dynamics of lakes.
