Download or read book Intermediate Scale Laboratory Testing to Understand Mechanisms of Capillary and Dissolution Trapping During Injection and Post Injection of CO2 in Heterogeneous Geological Formations written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) represents a technology aimed to reduce atmospheric loading of CO2 from power plants and heavy industries by injecting it into deep geological formations, such as saline aquifers. A number of trapping mechanisms contribute to effective and secure storage of the injected CO2 in supercritical fluid phase (scCO2) in the formation over the long term. The primary trapping mechanisms are structural, residual, dissolution and mineralization. Knowledge gaps exist on how the heterogeneity of the formation manifested at all scales from the pore to the site scales affects trapping and parameterization of contributing mechanisms in models. An experimental and modeling study was conducted to fill these knowledge gaps. Experimental investigation of fundamental processes and mechanisms in field settings is not possible as it is not feasible to fully characterize the geologic heterogeneity at all relevant scales and gathering data on migration, trapping and dissolution of scCO2. Laboratory experiments using scCO2 under ambient conditions are also not feasible as it is technically challenging and cost prohibitive to develop large, two- or three-dimensional test systems with controlled high pressures to keep the scCO2 as a liquid. Hence, an innovative approach that used surrogate fluids in place of scCO2 and formation brine in multi-scale, synthetic aquifers test systems ranging in scales from centimeter to meter scale developed used. New modeling algorithms were developed to capture the processes controlled by the formation heterogeneity, and they were tested using the data from the laboratory test systems. The results and findings are expected to contribute toward better conceptual models, future improvements to DOE numerical codes, more accurate assessment of storage capacities, and optimized placement strategies. This report presents the experimental and modeling methods and research results.

Download or read book PVT and Phase Behaviour Of Petroleum Reservoir Fluids written by Ali Danesh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1998-05-07 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book on PVT and Phase Behaviour Of Petroleum Reservoir Fluids is volume 47 in the Developments in Petroleum Science series. The chapters in the book are: Phase Behaviour Fundamentals, PVT Tests and Correlations, Phase Equilibria, Equations of State, Phase Behaviour Calculations, Fluid Characterisation, Gas Injection, Interfacial Tension, and Application in Reservoir Simulation.

Download or read book Geologic Carbon Sequestration written by V. Vishal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-11 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This exclusive compilation written by eminent experts from more than ten countries, outlines the processes and methods for geologic sequestration in different sinks. It discusses and highlights the details of individual storage types, including recent advances in the science and technology of carbon storage. The topic is of immense interest to geoscientists, reservoir engineers, environmentalists and researchers from the scientific and industrial communities working on the methodologies for carbon dioxide storage. Increasing concentrations of anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are often held responsible for the rising temperature of the globe. Geologic sequestration prevents atmospheric release of the waste greenhouse gases by storing them underground for geologically significant periods of time. The book addresses the need for an understanding of carbon reservoir characteristics and behavior. Other book volumes on carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) attempt to cover the entire process of CCUS, but the topic of geologic sequestration is not discussed in detail. This book focuses on the recent trends and up-to-date information on different storage rock types, ranging from deep saline aquifers to coal to basaltic formations.

Download or read book Geological Carbon Storage written by Stéphanie Vialle and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-11-15 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geological Carbon Storage Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity Seals and caprocks are an essential component of subsurface hydrogeological systems, guiding the movement and entrapment of hydrocarbon and other fluids. Geological Carbon Storage: Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity offers a survey of the wealth of recent scientific work on caprock integrity with a focus on the geological controls of permanent and safe carbon dioxide storage, and the commercial deployment of geological carbon storage. Volume highlights include: Low-permeability rock characterization from the pore scale to the core scale Flow and transport properties of low-permeability rocks Fundamentals of fracture generation, self-healing, and permeability Coupled geochemical, transport and geomechanical processes in caprock Analysis of caprock behavior from natural analogues Geochemical and geophysical monitoring techniques of caprock failure and integrity Potential environmental impacts of carbon dioxide migration on groundwater resources Carbon dioxide leakage mitigation and remediation techniques Geological Carbon Storage: Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity is an invaluable resource for geoscientists from academic and research institutions with interests in energy and environment-related problems, as well as professionals in the field.

Download or read book Geological Storage of Carbon Dioxide CO2 written by J Gluyas and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-11-23 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geological storage and sequestration of carbon dioxide, in saline aquifers, depleted oil and gas fields or unminable coal seams, represents one of the most important processes for reducing humankind's emissions of greenhouse gases. Geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) reviews the techniques and wider implications of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS).Part one provides an overview of the fundamentals of the geological storage of CO2. Chapters discuss anthropogenic climate change and the role of CCS, the modelling of storage capacity, injectivity, migration and trapping of CO2, the monitoring of geological storage of CO2, and the role of pressure in CCS. Chapters in part two move on to explore the environmental, social and regulatory aspects of CCS including CO2 leakage from geological storage facilities, risk assessment of CO2 storage complexes and public engagement in projects, and the legal framework for CCS. Finally, part three focuses on a variety of different projects and includes case studies of offshore CO2 storage at Sleipner natural gas field beneath the North Sea, the CO2CRC Otway Project in Australia, on-shore CO2 storage at the Ketzin pilot site in Germany, and the K12-B CO2 injection project in the Netherlands.Geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) is a comprehensive resource for geoscientists and geotechnical engineers and academics and researches interested in the field. - Reviews the techniques and wider implications of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) - An overview of the fundamentals of the geological storage of CO2 discussing the modelling of storage capacity, injectivity, migration and trapping of CO2 among other subjects - Explores the environmental, social and regulatory aspects of CCS including CO2 leakage from geological storage facilities, risk assessment of CO2 storage complexes and the legal framework for CCS

Download or read book How to Store CO2 Underground Insights from early mover CCS Projects written by Philip Ringrose and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the scientific basis and engineering practice for CO2 storage, covering topics such as storage capacity, trapping mechanisms, CO2 phase behaviour and flow dynamics, engineering and geomechanics of geological storage, injection well design, and geophysical and geochemical monitoring. It also provides numerous examples from the early mover CCS projects, notably Sleipner and Snøhvit offshore Norway, as well as other pioneering CO2 storage projects.

Download or read book Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-04-08 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To achieve goals for climate and economic growth, "negative emissions technologies" (NETs) that remove and sequester carbon dioxide from the air will need to play a significant role in mitigating climate change. Unlike carbon capture and storage technologies that remove carbon dioxide emissions directly from large point sources such as coal power plants, NETs remove carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere or enhance natural carbon sinks. Storing the carbon dioxide from NETs has the same impact on the atmosphere and climate as simultaneously preventing an equal amount of carbon dioxide from being emitted. Recent analyses found that deploying NETs may be less expensive and less disruptive than reducing some emissions, such as a substantial portion of agricultural and land-use emissions and some transportation emissions. In 2015, the National Academies published Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration, which described and initially assessed NETs and sequestration technologies. This report acknowledged the relative paucity of research on NETs and recommended development of a research agenda that covers all aspects of NETs from fundamental science to full-scale deployment. To address this need, Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda assesses the benefits, risks, and "sustainable scale potential" for NETs and sequestration. This report also defines the essential components of a research and development program, including its estimated costs and potential impact.

Download or read book Porous Media written by F. A.L. Dullien and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the relationship between transport properties and pore structure of porous material. Models of pore structure are presented with a discussion of how such models can be used to predict the transport properties of porous media. Portions of the book are devoted to interpretations of experimental results in this area and directions for future research. Practical applications are given where applicable, and are expected to be useful for a large number of different fields, including reservoir engineering, geology, hydrogeology, soil science, chemical process engineering, biomedical engineering, fuel technology, hydrometallurgy, nuclear reactor technology, and materials science. - Presents mechanisms of immiscible and miscible displacement (hydrodynamic dispersion) process in porous media - Examines relationships between pore structure and fluid transport - Considers approaches to enhanced oil recovery - Explores network modeling and perolation theory

Download or read book Geophysics and Geosequestration written by Thomas L. Davis and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-09 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of the geophysical techniques and analysis methods for monitoring subsurface carbon dioxide storage for researchers and industry practitioners.

Download or read book Microvisual Investigations to Assess and Understand Enhanced Oil Recovery Processes Using Etched Silicon Micromodels written by Markus Buchgraber and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conventional oil production is in decline and demand for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is increasing. Highly calibrated simulation models are built as decision tools for investments and further field developments. Because EOR reservoir mechanisms are more complicated than primary and secondary recovery mechanisms, a more detailed physical understanding is required to design accurate simulation models. EOR flow processes need to be investigated, represented accurately, and calibrated at multiple scales before testing on a field-wide project. Experimental results at different scales deliver the basic construct of each simulation model. Examples are micro-scale pore size phenomena observations for pore network simulations and core-scale for material balance calculations. This study focuses on the microscale investigation of multiphase fluid flow using etched-silicon micromodels to assess the flow behavior on a pore scale. Micromodels have the pore network patterns of a porous medium etched to a silicon wafer and hence are representative of the two dimensional structure of the porous medium. The patterns used in the construction of the porous medium may be prepared from thin sections of any given rock or reservoir type. They represent the medium or, in several cases, are geometrically constructed as a series of repeatable simple or complex geometric figure aggregates. Geometrical and topological properties and pore roughness are close to the original core sample. The various micromodel pore networks (sandstone, unconsolidated sandstone, carbonate and fracture models) are tested with different fluid and fluid pairs and pore scale behavior like sweep efficiency, snap off, micro scale saturations and so on are qualitatively described and characterized. Measured parameters and descriptions aid simulation development to create a fully functional physical model. Experiments reported in this thesis are relevant to a variety of EOR topics: a.)gas trapping and dissolution of CO2 water systems during carbon sequestration or a WAG EOR process, b.)gas exsolution behavior of supersaturated CO2 water when traveling from a high to a a low pressure region, c.) front stability and micro displacement efficiency of unstable displacement process during gas injection, d.) foam injection in fractured reservoirs to control mobility after premature gas breakthrough, e.) rheological behavior of polymer solution at near critical conditions in porous medium and in fractures, and f.) multiphase flow behavior in an intermediate wet dual porosity system similar to an ARAB-D carbonate rock. Understanding the immobilization and trapping of carbon dioxide is not only crucial in estimating storage capacity and security during CCS but also an important factor to operate a CO2 EOR flood in the most efficient manner. Residual and dissolution trapping are time dependent and need to be better understood for better predictions. A set of CO2-water imbibition experiments were conducted in micromodels whose homogeneous pore space is geometrically and topologically similar to Berea sandstone to investigate the pore-scale events of residual and capillary trapping. Microvisual data, photographs and video footage, describes the trapping mechanism and, especially, the disconnection and shrinkage of the CO2 phase in various phase conditions. Results show that, depending on the flow rate of the imbibing water, different trapping mechanisms are observed. Lower flow rates, comparable to the trailing edge of a CO2 plume, lead to more snap-off events. During snap off, the wetting fluid swells at the pore walls until the critical capillary pressure is reached, where the interface collapses. The non wetting fluid is then forced into the pore and the wetting fluid fills the pore throat, resulting in greater trapped residual saturation. Rates comparable to the near wellbore area during enhanced sequestration showed sweep out displacement of gas bubbles. Sweep out is characterized when the interface does not collapse and instead the whole non wetting phase is displaced by the wetting phase leaving no trapped saturation behind, and greater dissolution that ultimately leads to very low or zero gas saturations. Furthermore, complete dissolution events showed that homogeneous as well as heterogeneous dissolution occurs. Whereas the latter is subdivided into microbubble formation and dissolution on crevices or pore roughness, the former occurs without the influence of pore walls. After sequestration, CO2 concentrations of 50 g/l or more may to be found in saline aquifers. Although dissolved CO2 does not bear an obvious risk there are plausible mechanisms by which the CO2 laden brine could be transported to a shallower depth, where the CO2 would come out of solution/exsolve, and form a mobile CO2 gas phase. This significant mechanism for drinking water contamination has received little attention, and there are basic science and reservoir engineering questions that need to be addressed in order to reduce risks to underground drinking water supplies. This study investigates the conditions under which dissolved CO2 brines can impact drinking water aquifers. It develops a fundamental understanding of the fate of dissolved and exsolving CO2 at pore scale, called nucleation using micromodel experiments. Exsolution experiments showed similar pore scale events as in the dissolution study. Bubble nucleation was observed for three different types homogenous and heterogeneous type I and type II. The injection of CO2 into saline aquifers exhibits a strong unstable displacement due to the viscosity difference of the water and the CO2 phase that leads to unfavorable mobility ratios (M> 1). Although the subsurface flow of different fluids has been investigated in a large scale in the oil and gas industry, the characteristics of the water-CO2 fluid pair that lead to highly unstable fluid fronts is still not fully understood. So far, most modeling of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) relies on the linear displacement theory from Buckley and Leverett. Based on In this work, laboratory experiments using a wide range of mobility and capillary numbers to show displacement fronts of stable and unstable drainage process are reported. Experiments were conducted in etched silicon micromodels with Berea sandstone-like pore structures and geometry. Experimental data in the form of macroscale front displacement videos and micro scale saturation pictures were collected and analyzed. Drainage results showed that there was an increase in finger number and finger size with an increase in capillary number. Capillary number did not influence areal sweep efficiency but showed significant effects on micro saturation where low capillary numbers led to snap off and small pores left undrained whereas large capillary numbers swept out small and large pore structures leaving less wetting saturation behind. Fractal analyses were used to evaluate unstable displacement fronts. Results showed that the average saturation does not scale with wave speed. Moreover the displacement pattern follows a fractal pattern. Foam as a gas-mobility control agent is successful in enhanced oil recovery processes. In fractured reservoirs, foam acts as a blocking agent slowing and redirecting the transport of the aqueous phase in high transmissibility fractures. Foam allows more time for the liquid/foamer agent to imbibe into the matrix blocks and drain remaining oil. In this work, the behavior of foam flow in fractures at various foam qualities and liquid and gas velocities is investigated. Laboratory experiments with different fracture replicates etched in silicon micromodels were used. Different micromodel fractures (smooth surfaces, rough surfaces and different apertures) were used to observe pre-generated foam in terms of texture, pressure drop and flow behavior. Mobility reduction factors for a wide range of foam qualities and flow rates were analyzed. Measured pressure drops increase linearly with an increase in foam quality up to 90%. At qualities greater than 90%, mobility reduction is only slightly reduced further. In general mobility reduction factor (MRF) of 10-400 times were measured for low to high quality foams respectively. Additionally, video footage of foam at micro and macro scale is used to tie rheology to bubble shape and size. Polymer flooding has the potential to recover bypassed oil faster and therefore boosts the economics significantly in an EOR project. The success, however, depends on the injectivity of polymer solution volumes. Injection into porous media at conditions above a critical rate may lead to mechanical degradation of the polymer in solution resulting in a loss of viscosity. The resulting increase in mobility ratio may result in an uneconomical project. Therefore, the investigation of the rheological behavior of polymer solutions at different rate conditions is critical in designing a polymer flood project. Micromodel experiments were used to assess degradation of polymer solutions in fractures as well as in porous media. Only minor, mechanical degradation was found. Polymer solutions exhibit, depending on fracture roughness, shear thinning behavior. In contrast, polymers exhibit shear thickening behavior when flowing through porous media up to a factor 10 when comparing with an equivalent reservoir shear rate in the rheometer. In addition results showed that plugging, that leads to loss of injectivity, can be a critical issue in polymer injection. Currently around 6.25% of the world oil production are delivered from the Ghawar field in Saudi Arabia. The majority of the estimated 100 billion barrels of oil in place are trapped in an Arab-D carbonate formation. The creation and testing of an etched-silicon micromodel that has the features and characteristics of a dual porosity pore system such as might be found in a Arab-D carbonate rock was investig ...

Download or read book Characterization Modeling Monitoring and Remediation of Fractured Rock written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2021-01-29 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fractured rock is the host or foundation for innumerable engineered structures related to energy, water, waste, and transportation. Characterizing, modeling, and monitoring fractured rock sites is critical to the functioning of those infrastructure, as well as to optimizing resource recovery and contaminant management. Characterization, Modeling, Monitoring, and Remediation of Fractured Rock examines the state of practice and state of art in the characterization of fractured rock and the chemical and biological processes related to subsurface contaminant fate and transport. This report examines new developments, knowledge, and approaches to engineering at fractured rock sites since the publication of the 1996 National Research Council report Rock Fractures and Fluid Flow: Contemporary Understanding and Fluid Flow. Fundamental understanding of the physical nature of fractured rock has changed little since 1996, but many new characterization tools have been developed, and there is now greater appreciation for the importance of chemical and biological processes that can occur in the fractured rock environment. The findings of Characterization, Modeling, Monitoring, and Remediation of Fractured Rock can be applied to all types of engineered infrastructure, but especially to engineered repositories for buried or stored waste and to fractured rock sites that have been contaminated as a result of past disposal or other practices. The recommendations of this report are intended to help the practitioner, researcher, and decision maker take a more interdisciplinary approach to engineering in the fractured rock environment. This report describes how existing tools-some only recently developed-can be used to increase the accuracy and reliability of engineering design and management given the interacting forces of nature. With an interdisciplinary approach, it is possible to conceptualize and model the fractured rock environment with acceptable levels of uncertainty and reliability, and to design systems that maximize remediation and long-term performance. Better scientific understanding could inform regulations, policies, and implementation guidelines related to infrastructure development and operations. The recommendations for research and applications to enhance practice of this book make it a valuable resource for students and practitioners in this field.

Download or read book Geochemistry of Geologic CO2 Sequestration written by Donald J. DePaolo and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 77 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry focuses on important aspects of the geochemistry of geological CO2 sequestration. It is in large part an outgrowth of research conducted by members of the U.S. Department of Energy funded Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC) known as the Center for Nanoscale Control of Geologic CO2 (NCGC). Eight out of the 15 chapters have been led by team members from the NCGC representing six of the eight partner institutions making up this center - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (lead institution, D. DePaolo - PI), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, The Ohio State University, the University of California Davis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, and Washington University, St. Louis.

Download or read book An Introduction to Reservoir Simulation Using MATLAB GNU Octave written by Knut-Andreas Lie and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-08-08 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents numerical methods for reservoir simulation, with efficient implementation and examples using widely-used online open-source code, for researchers, professionals and advanced students. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Download or read book Compaction of Argillaceous Sediments written by H.H. Rieke and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1974-01-01 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compaction of Argillaceous Sediments

Download or read book Petroleum Reservoir Simulation written by K. Aziz and published by Springer. This book was released on 1979 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book contains a relatively complete treatment of finite-difference models of black-oil type rservoirs.

Download or read book Carbonate Petroleum Reservoirs written by P.O. Roehl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The case history approach has an impressive record of success in a variety of disciplines. Collections of case histories, casebooks, are now widely used in all sorts of specialties other than in their familiar application to law and medicine. The case method had its formal beginning at Harvard in 1871 when Christopher Lagdell developed it as a means of teaching. It was so successful in teaching law that it was soon adopted in medical education, and the col lection of cases provided the raw material for research on various diseases. Subsequently, the case history approach spread to such varied fields as busi ness, psychology, management, and economics, and there are over 100 books in print that use this approach. The idea for a series of Casebooks in Earth Sciences grew from my ex perience in organizing and editing a collection of examples of one variety of sedimentary deposits. The project began as an effort to bring some order to a large number of descriptions of these deposits that were so varied in pre sentation and terminology that even specialists found them difficult to compare and analyze. Thus, from the beginning, it was evident that something more than a simple collection of papers was needed. Accordingly, the nearly fifty contributors worked together with George de Vries Klein and me to establish a standard format for presenting the case histories.

Download or read book Introduction to Permanent Plug and Abandonment of Wells written by Mahmoud Khalifeh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-27 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book offers a timely guide to challenges and current practices to permanently plug and abandon hydrocarbon wells. With a focus on offshore North Sea, it analyzes the process of plug and abandonment of hydrocarbon wells through the establishment of permanent well barriers. It provides the reader with extensive knowledge on the type of barriers, their functioning and verification. It then discusses plug and abandonment methodologies, analyzing different types of permanent plugging materials. Last, it describes some tests for verifying the integrity and functionality of installed permanent barriers. The book offers a comprehensive reference guide to well plugging and abandonment (P&A) and well integrity testing. The book also presents new technologies that have been proposed to be used in plugging and abandoning of wells, which might be game-changing technologies, but they are still in laboratory or testing level. Given its scope, it addresses students and researchers in both academia and industry. It also provides information for engineers who work in petroleum industry and should be familiarized with P&A of hydrocarbon wells to reduce the time of P&A by considering it during well planning and construction.