Download or read book Intergenerational mobility among three generations of immigrants written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Intergenerational Mobility and the Earnings Position of First Second and Third Generation Immigrants written by Mats Hammarstedt and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immigrants' labour market situation has been in the focus of research in economics as well as in other sciences, and the labour market situation of immigrants and their children (i.e. first- and second-generation immigrants) is relatively well documented in many countries today. However, less attention has up to now been paid to the labour market and earnings situation among the grandchildren of immigrants, i.e. third-generation immigrants. Against this background, this paper studies intergenerational earnings mobility and the earnings position of three generations of immigrants in Sweden. The results indicate a regression towards the native earnings mean in immigrant earnings across the first two generations in the sense that immigrants earn more than natives in the first generation while there are small ethnic earnings in the second generation. Furthermore, immigrants earn less than natives in the third generation. Thus, the results suggest a downward trend in immigrants' relative earnings across generations. One conclusion of the study is that ethnic differences in earnings may occur beyond the second generation of immigrants and that the problem with integration of immigrants therefore may last for several generations.

Download or read book The Intergenerational Im Mobility of Immigrants written by Pascal Achard and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies the influence of pre-migration social background on the longterm economic assimilation of immigrants. I use unique French survey data to trace family histories over three generations, before and after migration. While many immigrants experience an occupational downgrading at migration, their children benefit from the high socio-economic status their family had in the origin country. As a result, characteristics of immigrant grandparents are more predictive of their grandchildren's educational attainment than are characteristics of native grandparents.

Download or read book Inside Ethnic Families written by Edite Noivo and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 1999-04 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Noivo (sociology, U. of Montreal) describes perceptions and life experience and offers a perspective on family related issues such as housework, ageing, gender relations, and family violence. She analyzes the multiple burdens generated by migration, class, gender, generation, and minority status and discusses the interplay between family and economic life. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Download or read book Parents Without Papers written by Frank D. Bean and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2015-10-01 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For several decades, Mexican immigrants in the United States have outnumbered those from any other country. Though the economy increasingly needs their labor, many remain unauthorized. In Parents Without Papers, immigration scholars Frank D. Bean, Susan K. Brown, and James D. Bachmeier document the extent to which the outsider status of these newcomers inflicts multiple hardships on their children and grandchildren. Parents Without Papers provides both a general conceptualization of immigrant integration and an in-depth examination of the Mexican American case. The authors draw upon unique retrospective data to shed light on three generations of integration. They show in particular that the “membership exclusion” experienced by unauthorized Mexican immigrants—that is, their fear of deportation, lack of civil rights, and poor access to good jobs—hinders the education of their children, even those who are U.S.-born. Moreover, they find that children are hampered not by the unauthorized entry of parents itself but rather by the long-term inability of parents, especially mothers, to acquire green cards. When unauthorized parents attain legal status, the disadvantages of the second generation begin to disappear. These second-generation men and women achieve schooling on par with those whose parents come legally. By the third generation, socioeconomic levels for women equal or surpass those of native white women. But men reach parity only through greater labor-force participation and longer working hours, results consistent with the idea that their integration is delayed by working-class imperatives to support their families rather than attend college. An innovative analysis of the transmission of advantage and disadvantage among Mexican Americans, Parents Without Papers presents a powerful case for immigration policy reforms that provide not only realistic levels of legal less-skilled migration but also attainable pathways to legalization. Such measures, combined with affordable access to college, are more important than ever for the integration of vulnerable Mexican immigrants and their descendants.

Download or read book The Next Generation written by Richard Alba and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2011-04-04 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Next Generation brings together top immigration scholars to explore how the integration of immigrants affects the generations that come after. The original essays explore the early beginnings of the second generation in the United States and Western Europe, showing that variations in second-generation trajectories are of the utmost importance for the future, for they will determine the degree to which contemporary immigration will produce either durable ethno-racial cleavages or mainstream integration.

Download or read book Putting People in Their Place Intergenerational Inequality in the Age of Mass Migration written by Dylan Shane Connor and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The identity of the United States as a land of opportunity and a nation of immigrants is once again being contested. As of 2013, income inequality and the foreign-born share of the American population are at levels not seen since the end of the Age of Mass Migration (1850-1914), and intergenerational mobility is at a historical low. These changes have provoked calls for restrictive and selective immigration policies, which are better designed to attract immigrants equipped to "make it in America". Underlying these calls, however, is an assumption that the outcomes of immigration depend on who migrates rather than what opportunities people encounter or create for themselves after arrival. This dissertation focuses on the difference that place and context make to the lives of people. Broadly, it asks: are intergenerational inequalities in income, education and location mainly driven by individual and family characteristics, or are they driven by people's access to opportunity and their interaction with places? This dissertation uses cutting-edge techniques and newly available data sources from the Age of Mass Migration to tackle these questions. These data shed light on the problem of people and place by helping to address three crucial questions. First, how do places affect decisions to migrate? Second, is immigrant social mobility mainly driven by family characteristics or opportunities at settlement locations? Third, how do differences in the opportunity structures of places emerge? The following five chapters address these three questions. Chapter 1 provides the conceptual apparatus for understanding how the characteristics of place and people shape inequality in life chances. Chapters 2 and 3 examine these questions using newly assembled data on three generations of Irish American families from 1901 to 1940. Chapter 4 exploits records from the Industrial Removal Office, an organization which helped 40,000 struggling Jewish households leave New York in the early twentieth century, as a natural experiment to study the effect of place on immigrant assimilation. Finally, Chapter 5 studies how long-run development processes have shaped intergenerational mobility outcomes from the Age of Mass Migration to today.

Download or read book Catching Up Intergenerational Mobility and Children of Immigrants written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2017-12-21 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication includes cross-country comparative work and provides new insights on the complex issue of the intergenerational transmission of disadvantage for native-born children of immigrants.

Download or read book Intergenerational Mobility of Second Generation Migrants from the Middle East to the United States written by Hisham S. Foad and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the key issues in the immigration debate is the extent to which second generation immigrants (native born, but to immigrant parents) are able to assimilate in terms of education and income. Many of these studies have focused on the difficulties and educational achievement gap faced by 2nd generation immigrants from the Middle East (MENA) living in Europe. My study considers 2nd generation immigrants from the MENA living in the United States. These two groups originate in the same place, but could not be more different in terms of their educational outcomes. Whereas 2nd generation MENA migrants in Europe tend to have less education than their native peers, MENA migrants in the US have higher levels of education and are more likely to have undergraduate and graduate degrees. In this study I estimate several models examining the determinants of education. I find that for the overall US population, parents' education, parents' income, and residence in an ethnic enclave all have positive effects on educational achievement. The impact of parents' education and income is no different for MENA migrants, suggesting that the education premium accruing to this group is likely to persist. However, any advantage of living in an ethnic enclave appears to disappear for MENA migrants, suggesting that these enclaves are failing to live up to their potential as incubators of immigrant human capital.

Download or read book Intergenerational Education Mobility Among the Children of Canadian Immigrants written by Abdurrahman Bekir Aydemir and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this research is to focus on the education outcomes of the children of immigrants. The authors ask three questions. First, what is the degree of intergenerational education mobility, and is it different among immigrants and their children? Second, what factors are most tightly related to the schooling outcomes of second generation Canadians, parental earnings or parental education? And third, has the strength of the tie between the education of immigrant parents and their Canadian-born children changed over time? They answer these questions by employing the regression to the mean model to measure mobility in education across the generations.--Document.

Download or read book The Rise of the New Second Generation written by Min Zhou and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-04-29 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this age of migration, more and more children are growing up in immigrant or transnational families. The "new second generation" refers to foreign-born and native-born children of immigrants who have come of age at the turn of the twenty-first century. This book is about this new generation in the world's largest host country of international migration – the United States. Recognizing that immigration is an intergenerational phenomenon – and one that is always evolving – the authors begin by asking "Do members of the new second generation follow the same pathways taken by the 'old' second generation?" They consider the relevance of assimilation approaches to understanding the lived experiences of the new second generation, and show that the demographic characteristics of today's immigrant groups and changing social, economic, and cultural contexts require new thinking and paradigms. Ultimately, the book offers a view of how American society is shaping the life chances of members of this new second generation and how today's second generation, in turn, is shaping a new America. Designed as a rich overview for general readers and students, and as a concise summary for scholars, this book will be an essential work for all interested in contemporary issues of race, ethnicity, and migration.

Download or read book Intergenerational Poverty Public Assistance Use and Earnings Among Second Generation Immigrants written by Kendal Lowrey and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current dissertation focuses on the socioeconomic outcomes of second generation immigrants, while paying special attention to their outcomes in childhood. Most previous research on intergenerational mobility is unable to link individuals within families, and therefore lacks a generational approach that follows immigrant families over time. In the current project, I utilize several census datasets that allow for immigrants to be linked to their adult children from one data source to the next. The first empirical chapter investigates the degree to which second generation immigrants of various modes of entry compare to the U.S.-born in their rates of poverty, conditional on their poverty rates in childhood. I find that of three different mode of entry groups, labor migrants have the greatest difficulty in reducing their rates of poverty relative to the U.S.-born. While refugees and labor migrants alike often arrive with high levels of poverty, refugees' high rates of adulthood poverty are accounted for by their poor initial socioeconomic conditions. Other immigrants appear most similar to the U.S.-born with minimal differences in rates of poverty relative to natives. Overall, this research highlights the complexities that surround socioeconomic integration relative to mode of entry status. The second empirical chapter evaluates the degree to which second generation immigrants of various modes of entry compare to the U.S.-born in their public assistance use, conditional on their public assistance use in childhood. I find that overall, immigrants use less cash public assistance use than the U.S.-born, however they utilize more Medicaid benefits due to their higher rates of poverty in childhood. By mode of entry group, however, only refugees and labor migrants have higher public assistance use relative to the U.S.-born, which is due to refugees' high rates of poverty and labor migrants' low levels of education. In sum, results display that immigrants do not pose an undue economic burden on the U.S. as they would fare similarly to the U.S.-born with higher levels of socioeconomic status. The third empirical chapter questions whether integration in earnings occurs similarly between past and present time periods for the same immigrant groups. I find differences in integration patterns between European and non-European immigrant groups that are consistent between both "then" and "now" time periods. Within-group patterns of integration are relatively stable across time periods, yet an increase in the importance of education suggests that integration now may be especially difficult for immigrants who arrive with low socioeconomic status, such as Mexicans. I find that while all immigrant groups observed do improve their earnings across generations, not all are able to integrate to U.S.-born levels in either era.

Download or read book Dreams Achieved and Denied written by Robert Courtney Smith and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2024-09-06 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: U.S.-born Mexicans in New York City have achieved one of the biggest one-generation jumps in mobility in American immigration history. In 2020, 42-percent of U.S.-born Mexican men and 49-percent of U.S.-born Mexican women in New York City had graduated from college. This high level of educational attainment is dramatically higher than their U.S.- and foreign-born counterparts in other places. How did U.S.-born Mexicans in New York City achieve such remarkable mobility? In Dreams Achieved and Denied, sociologist Robert Courtney Smith examines the laws, policies, and individual and family practices that promoted–and inhibited–their social mobility. For over twenty years, Smith followed nearly one hundred children of Mexican immigrants in New York City to learn what determined their ability to move up the social ladder. Smith finds that legal status was fundamental in shaping opportunities for mobility. Having or gaining legal status enabled individual and family efforts for mobility to be rewarded and by allowing efficacious use of New York City and New York State policies and practices that support mobility. Lacking legal status, however, blocked mobility, even for those individuals and families engaging in the same strategies, limiting the benefit derived from those mobility-promoting city and state policies. The young people that Smith followed employed a number of strategies to pursue advancement. Smith finds that having strong mentors, picking better high schools, and the desire to keep the immigrant family bargain–the expectation that children of immigrants will redeem their parents’ sacrifice by doing well in school, helping their parents and younger siblings, and becoming ethical, well-educated people–all led to better adult lives and outcomes. The ability to successfully utilize these strategies was aided by New York City and State policies that are immigrant-inclusive and mobility promoting, including New York State laws that offers undocumented New Yorkers in-state tuition at public universities, allows them to get standard driver’s licenses, and access state health insurance programs, as well as New York City’s school choice system, which allows for students to attend better schools outside of their designated school catchment zone. Dreams Achieved and Denied is a fascinating exploration of the historic upward mobility of Mexicans in New York City, which counters the dominant story research and public discourse tell about Mexican mobility in the United States.

Download or read book Persistence Privilege and Parenting written by Timothy Smeeding and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2011-09-01 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Americans like to believe that theirs is the land of opportunity, but the hard facts are that children born into poor families in the United States tend to stay poor and children born into wealthy families generally stay rich. Other countries have shown more success at lessening the effects of inequality on mobility—possibly by making public investments in education, health, and family well-being that offset the private advantages of the wealthy. What can the United States learn from these other countries about how to provide children from disadvantaged backgrounds an equal chance in life? Making comparisons across ten countries, Persistence, Privilege, and Parenting brings together a team of eminent international scholars to examine why advantage and disadvantage persist across generations. The book sheds light on how the social and economic mobility of children differs within and across countries and the impact private family resources, public policies, and social institutions may have on mobility. In what ways do parents pass advantage or disadvantage on to their children? Persistence, Privilege, and Parenting is an expansive exploration of the relationship between parental socioeconomic status and background and the outcomes of their grown children. The authors also address the impact of education and parental financial assistance on mobility. Contributors Miles Corak, Lori Curtis, and Shelley Phipps look at how family economic background influences the outcomes of adult children in the United States and Canada. They find that, despite many cultural similarities between the two countries, Canada has three times the rate of intergenerational mobility as the United States—possibly because Canada makes more public investments in its labor market, health care, and family programs. Jo Blanden and her colleagues explore a number of factors affecting how advantage is transmitted between parents and children in the United States and the United Kingdom, including education, occupation, marriage, and health. They find that despite the two nations having similar rates of intergenerational mobility and social inequality, lack of educational opportunity plays a greater role in limiting U.S. mobility, while the United Kingdom’s deeply rooted social class structure makes it difficult for the disadvantaged to transcend their circumstances. Jane Waldfogel and Elizabeth Washbrook examine cognitive and behavioral school readiness across income groups and find that pre-school age children in both the United States and Britain show substantial income-related gaps in school readiness—driven in part by poorly developed parenting skills among overburdened, low-income families. The authors suggest that the most encouraging policies focus on both school and home interventions, including such measures as increases in federal funding for Head Start programs in the United States, raising pre-school staff qualifications in Britain, and parenting programs in both countries. A significant step forward in the study of intergenerational mobility, Persistence, Privilege, and Parenting demonstrates that the transmission of advantage or disadvantage from one generation to the next varies widely from country to country. This striking finding is a particular cause for concern in the United States, where the persistence of disadvantage remains stubbornly high. But, it provides a reason to hope that by better understanding mobility across the generations abroad, we can find ways to do better at home.

Download or read book The New Second Generation written by Alejandro Portes and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 1996-05-10 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The children of the past decade's influx of immigrants comprise a second generation far different than any this country has known before. Largely non-white and from the world's developing nations, these children struggle with complex problems of racial and ethnic relations in multicultural urban neighborhoods, attend troubled inner city schools, and face discriminatory labor markets and an economy that no longer provides the abundant manufacturing jobs that sustained previous generations of immigrants. As the contributors to The New Second Generation make clear, the future of these children is an open question that will be key to understanding the long-range consequences of current immigration. The New Second Generation chronicles the lives of second generation youth in Miami, New York City, New Orleans, and Southern California. The contributors balance careful analysis with the voices of the youngsters themselves, focusing primarily on education, career expectations, language preference, ethnic pride, and the influence of their American-born peers. Demographic portraits by Leif Jensen and Yoshimi Chitose and by Charles Hirschman reveal that although most immigrant youths live at or below the official poverty line, this disadvantage is partially offset by the fact that their parents are typically married, self-employed, and off welfare. However, the children do not always follow the course set by their parents, and often challenge immigrant ethics with a desire to embrace American culture. Mary Waters examines how the tendency among West Indian teens to assume an American black identity links them to a legacy of racial discrimination. Although the decision to identify as American or as immigrant usually presages how well second generation children will perform in school, the formation of this self-image is a complex process. M. Patricia Fernandez-Kelly and Richard Schauffler find marked differences among Hispanic groups, while Ruben G. Rumbaut explores the influence of individual and family characteristics among Asian, Latin, and Caribbean youths. Nativists frequently raise concerns about the proliferation of a non-English speaking population heavily dependent on welfare for economic support. But Alejandro Portes and Richard Schauffler's historical analysis of language preferences among Miami's Hispanic youth reveals their unequivocal preference for English. Nor is immigrationan inevitable precursor to a swollen welfare state: Lisandro Perez and Min Zhou and Carl L. Bankston demonstrate the importance of extended families and ethnic community solidarity in improving school performance and providing increased labor opportunities. As immigration continues to change the face of our nation's cities, we cannot ignore the crucial issue of how well the second generation youth will adapt. The New Second Generation provides valuable insight into issues that may spell the difference between regeneration and decay across urban America.

Download or read book Persistence Privilege and Parenting written by Timothy Smeeding and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2011-09-01 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Americans like to believe that theirs is the land of opportunity, but the hard facts are that children born into poor families in the United States tend to stay poor and children born into wealthy families generally stay rich. Other countries have shown more success at lessening the effects of inequality on mobility—possibly by making public investments in education, health, and family well-being that offset the private advantages of the wealthy. What can the United States learn from these other countries about how to provide children from disadvantaged backgrounds an equal chance in life? Making comparisons across ten countries, Persistence, Privilege, and Parenting brings together a team of eminent international scholars to examine why advantage and disadvantage persist across generations. The book sheds light on how the social and economic mobility of children differs within and across countries and the impact private family resources, public policies, and social institutions may have on mobility. In what ways do parents pass advantage or disadvantage on to their children? Persistence, Privilege, and Parenting is an expansive exploration of the relationship between parental socioeconomic status and background and the outcomes of their grown children. The authors also address the impact of education and parental financial assistance on mobility. Contributors Miles Corak, Lori Curtis, and Shelley Phipps look at how family economic background influences the outcomes of adult children in the United States and Canada. They find that, despite many cultural similarities between the two countries, Canada has three times the rate of intergenerational mobility as the United States—possibly because Canada makes more public investments in its labor market, health care, and family programs. Jo Blanden and her colleagues explore a number of factors affecting how advantage is transmitted between parents and children in the United States and the United Kingdom, including education, occupation, marriage, and health. They find that despite the two nations having similar rates of intergenerational mobility and social inequality, lack of educational opportunity plays a greater role in limiting U.S. mobility, while the United Kingdom’s deeply rooted social class structure makes it difficult for the disadvantaged to transcend their circumstances. Jane Waldfogel and Elizabeth Washbrook examine cognitive and behavioral school readiness across income groups and find that pre-school age children in both the United States and Britain show substantial income-related gaps in school readiness—driven in part by poorly developed parenting skills among overburdened, low-income families. The authors suggest that the most encouraging policies focus on both school and home interventions, including such measures as increases in federal funding for Head Start programs in the United States, raising pre-school staff qualifications in Britain, and parenting programs in both countries. A significant step forward in the study of intergenerational mobility, Persistence, Privilege, and Parenting demonstrates that the transmission of advantage or disadvantage from one generation to the next varies widely from country to country. This striking finding is a particular cause for concern in the United States, where the persistence of disadvantage remains stubbornly high. But, it provides a reason to hope that by better understanding mobility across the generations abroad, we can find ways to do better at home.

Download or read book The Intergenerational Mobility of Immigrants written by George J. Borjas and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes the intergenerational mobility of immigrants. Using the 1940-1970 Censuses, the study reveals an important link between the earnings of immigrants and the earnings of their American-born children. Although there is some regression towards the mean, the earnings of second-generation Americans are strongly affected by variables describing economic conditions in the source countries of their parents. Current immigration policy, therefore, determines not only how immigrants perform in the labor market, but also determines tomorrow's differences in the labor market experiences of American-born ethnic groups.