Download or read book Interfacial Chemistry of Liquid Metals Eutectic Gallium Indium E GaIn written by Logan Ali Stewart and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gallium-based liquid metal alloys have garnered attention for their use in self-healing and flexible electronics, soft robotics, catalysis, and biomedicine. Advances in these next-generation materials have only been made possible through understanding the liquid-metal interfaces and the interactions of matter with these liquids. We propose that liquid metal chemistry of gallium and gallium-based alloys can be subdivided into a series of interfacial phenomenon. To study the interfacial properties of liquid metal, eutectic gallium indium (E-GaIn), a non-toxic liquid metal alloy comprised of ~75% gallium and ~25% indium, and has a melting temperature of 15.5 C, was employed for its liquid state at room temperature. With an overview of the breadth of chemistry involved within liquid metal systems, we first consider the oxidation of liquid metals in air. Room-temperature liquid metals, their interactions in air, and the kinetics of oxidation are critical first steps towards understanding the materials properties of liquid metals, such as surface-energy/surface-tension that originate at the metal-oxide interface. Once understood, this oxidation can be prevented via surface-bound ligands. We employed gallium-thiol chemistry and bi-functional thiol molecules as capping ligands for the surface stabilization of gallium-based liquid-metal nanostructures. These surface stabilization effects, within mixtures of liquid metal and polar solution, such as water and ethanol, are examined as a new type of emulsified system. These emulsified systems, with the help of surface-active molecules, can exist in both their singly and doubly emulsified forms. Like mercury and other liquid metals, E-GaIn has a high surface tension, which when broken can form ultra-small droplets, ~4 nm. These ultra-small liquid metal droplets were found to undergo higher order assemblies in the form of fractal aggregates under evaporation of the surrounding solvent. When examining the doubly emulsified form, these liquid metal droplets present a novel approach for the encapsulation of cargo. The material properties of E-GaIn present an interesting avenue for the study of nanocarriers. Eutectic gallium indium, which has low toxicity, enable considering this liquid metal for drug-delivery applications. Furthermore, where traditional nanoparticle carriers typically have cargo decorated on the surface, or within pores and imperfections; liquid-metal double emulsions, which have a non-metallic phase embedded within the core of the liquid metal droplets, allow for cargo loading much larger than the surface of the nanostructure. Lastly, competition for interfaces and the role of self-assembly at metallic interfaces presents a scaffold for the post-encapsulation functionalization of liquid metal carriers. The 'skin' of liquid E-GaIn, whether comprised of metal oxide, metal thiolate, or pristine surface can act as a barrier for reaction kinetics, such as in the case of surface oxidation and the prevention of it with thiol/thiolate assemblies at the liquid metal interface, or a regenerative reactive interface, as in the case of surface-initiated galvanic reduction. Galvanic reduction with gallium, as the name implies, can act as a free-electron surface for the reduction of simple metal salts. Similar to hanging mercury drop experiments, liquid metals provide a pristine, self-regenerating, liquid metal surface. We explore the galvanic reduction of silver salts on nanoscopic liquid metal seeds via solution-liquid-solid-growth of silver nanovines. We found these arboriform liquid metal structures were grown as diffusion-limited aggregates and we were able to impart control on both the growth front thickness and aspect ratio. The manipulation of liquid metals with surface-active molecules will have applications in next-generation devices and soft robotics. By incorporating liquid metal as the conductive contacts, we enable malleable devices. Liquid metals enable new applications of traditional conductive materials with certain advantages. We envision robots, sensors, and a variety of future prospects where liquid metal can open new doors to a variety of applications. In an effort to explore these devices, we have shown that E GaIn is an ideal contact material for an ultra-thin indium oxide based field-effect transistor (FET). These liquid-metal-enabled devices provide lower barriers to charge transfer, yielding lower power devices as compared to gold. Liquid-metal-enabled emulsions, materials, and devices present new chapters in inorganic chemistry, materials chemistry, engineering, nanoscience, and medicine. By looking at the interfacial phenomenon that dictates the interactions of liquid metal with the environment, we explore these avenues of control and application. With the rise in availability for three-dimensional (3-D) printers, liquid metal and hybrid materials comprised of liquid-metal-based emulsions are a new frontier. The field of liquid-metal-enabled materials remains relatively unexplored.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-03-29 with total page 5276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry: Surface Science and Electrochemistry, Seven Volume Set summarizes current, fundamental knowledge of interfacial chemistry, bringing readers the latest developments in the field. As the chemical and physical properties and processes at solid and liquid interfaces are the scientific basis of so many technologies which enhance our lives and create new opportunities, its important to highlight how these technologies enable the design and optimization of functional materials for heterogeneous and electro-catalysts in food production, pollution control, energy conversion and storage, medical applications requiring biocompatibility, drug delivery, and more. This book provides an interdisciplinary view that lies at the intersection of these fields. Presents fundamental knowledge of interfacial chemistry, surface science and electrochemistry and provides cutting-edge research from academics and practitioners across various fields and global regions
Download or read book Liquid Metal Alloys in Electronics written by David J. Fisher and published by Materials Research Forum LLC. This book was released on 2020-03-15 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid metal alloys are of rapidly increasing interest in electronics because they combine the high electrical conductivity of metals with the ease of manipulation and reconfiguration of liquids. The book focuses on such issues as self-assembled monolayers, energy-harvesting, reconfigurable and flexible antennae, sensors, conformable electronics, the creation of non-wetting super-hydrophobic or super-lyophobic surfaces, vacuum-assisted infiltration techniques, development of microfluidics, deformable electrodes and wearable electronics. The book references 270 original resources and includes their direct web link for in-depth reading. Keywords: Liquid Metals, Gallium-Indium Alloys, Galinstan, EGaIn, Self-Assembled Monolayers, Energy-Harvesting, Reconfigurable Antennae, Sensors, Conformable Electrodes, Stretchable Wires and Interconnects, Self-Healing Circuits, Gallium-Lyophilic Surfaces, Wettability of Liquid Metal, Substrate Topology, Selective Wetting Deposition Technique, Gallium-Indium Droplets on Thin Metal Films, Substrate Texture upon Wetting, Dielectrophoresis, Microfluidics, Deformable Electrodes, Wearable Electronics, Flexible Antennae, Surface Oxidation of Alloys.
Download or read book Liquid Metal Soft Machines written by Jing Liu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-19 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the core principles and practical applications of a brand new machine category: liquid-metal soft machines and motors. After a brief introduction on the conventional soft robot and its allied materials, it presents the new conceptual liquid-metal machine, which revolutionizes existing rigid robots, both large and small. It outlines the typical features of the soft liquid-metal materials and describes the various transformation capabilities, mergence of separate metal droplets, self-rotation and planar locomotion of liquid-metal objects under external or internal mechanism. Further, it introduces a series of unusual phenomena discovered while developing the shape changeable smart soft machine and interprets the related mechanisms regarding the effects of the shape, size, voltage, orientation and geometries of the external fields to control the liquid-metal transformers. Moreover, the book illustrates typical strategies to construct a group of different advanced functional liquid-metal soft machines, since such machines or robots are hard to fabricate using rigid-metal or conventional materials. With highly significant fundamental and practical findings, this book is intended for researchers interested in establishing a general method for making future smart soft machine and accompanying robots.
Download or read book Functional Organic Liquids written by Takashi Nakanishi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-03-12 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book to comprehensively cover the burgeoning new class of soft materials known as functional organic liquids Functional organic liquids, a new concept in soft matter materials science, exhibit favorable properties compared to amorphous polymers and ionic liquids. They are composed of a functional core unit and a side chain, which induces fluidity even at room temperature. Due to their fluidity, functional organic liquids can adopt any shape and geometry and fulfill their function in stretchable and bendable devices for applications in photovoltaics, organic electronics, biomedicine, and biochemistry. Presented in five parts, this book starts with an overview of the design methods and properties of functional organic liquids. The next three parts focus on the applications of this exciting new class of soft materials in the fields of energy conversion, nanotechnology, and biomaterials. They study the liquids for energy conversion, those containing inorganic nanoclusters, and solvent-free soft biomaterials. Functional Organic Liquids concludes with a comparison in terms of properties and application potential between functional organic liquids and more conventional soft matter such as ionic liquids and liquid metals. -Examines the current state of science and technology for functional organic liquids -Focuses on potential and already realized applications such as functional organic liquids for energy conversion -Stimulates researchers to move forward on future development and applications Functional Organic Liquids is an excellent book for materials scientists, polymer chemists, organic chemists, physical chemists, surface chemists, and surface physicists.
Download or read book A Study of Eutectic Gallium Indium Liquid Metal in Microsystems and Interfaces written by Mohammed Gamal Abdel Naser Mohammed and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Semiconductors Dielectrics and Metals for Nanoelectronics 15 In Memory of Samares Kar written by D. Misra and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Controlling the Shape and Interfacial Properties of Eutectic Gallium Indium written by Ju-Hee So and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advanced Liquid Metal Cooling For Chip Device And System written by Jing Liu and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2022-04-08 with total page 961 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This compendium summarizes the core principles and practical applications of a brand-new advanced chip cooling category — liquid metal cooling. It illustrates the science and art of room temperature liquid metal enabled cooling for chip, device and system. The concise volume features unique scientific and practical merits, and clarified intriguing liquid metal coolant or medium behaviors in making new generation powerful cooling system.With both uniquely important fundamental and practical values, this useful reference text benefits researchers to set up their foundation and then find new ways of making advanced cooling system to fulfil the increasingly urgent needs in modern highly integrated chip industry.
Download or read book Liquid Metal Biomaterials written by Jing Liu and published by Springer Series in Biomaterial. This book was released on 2019-08-08 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first-ever book to illustrate the principles and applications of liquid metal biomaterials. Room-temperature liquid metal materials are rapidly emerging as next-generation functional materials that display many unconventional properties superior to those of conventional biomaterials. Their outstanding, unique versatility ("one material, diverse capabilities") opens many exciting opportunities for the medical sciences. The book reviews representative applications of liquid metal biomaterials from both therapeutic and diagnostic aspects. It also discusses related efforts to employ liquid metals to overcome today's biomedical challenges. It will provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the technical advances and fundamental discoveries on the frontier, and thus equip them to investigate and utilize liquid metal biomaterials to tackle various critical problems.
Download or read book Stretchable Systems written by Yogeenth Kumaresan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-01-27 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stretchable electronics is one of the transformative pillars of future flexible electronics. As a result, the research on new passive and active materials, novel designs, and engineering approaches has attracted significant interest. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of new approaches that enable the integration of high-performance materials, including, organic and inorganic compounds, carbon-based and layered materials, and composites to serve as conductors, semiconductors or insulators, with the ability to accommodate electronics on stretchable substrates. This Element presents a discussion about the strategies that have been developed for obtaining stretchable systems, with a focus on various stretchable geometries to achieve strain invariant electrical response, and summarises the recent advances in terms of material research, various integration techniques of high-performance electronics. In addition, some of the applications, challenges and opportunities associated with the development of stretchable electronics are discussed.
Download or read book Liquid Metal Alloys in Electronics written by David J. Fisher and published by Materials Research Forum LLC. This book was released on 2020-03-15 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid metal alloys are of rapidly increasing interest in electronics because they combine the high electrical conductivity of metals with the ease of manipulation and reconfiguration of liquids. The book focuses on such issues as self-assembled monolayers, energy-harvesting, reconfigurable and flexible antennae, sensors, conformable electronics, the creation of non-wetting super-hydrophobic or super-lyophobic surfaces, vacuum-assisted infiltration techniques, development of microfluidics, deformable electrodes and wearable electronics. The book references 270 original resources and includes their direct web link for in-depth reading. Keywords: Liquid Metals, Gallium-Indium Alloys, Galinstan, EGaIn, Self-Assembled Monolayers, Energy-Harvesting, Reconfigurable Antennae, Sensors, Conformable Electrodes, Stretchable Wires and Interconnects, Self-Healing Circuits, Gallium-Lyophilic Surfaces, Wettability of Liquid Metal, Substrate Topology, Selective Wetting Deposition Technique, Gallium-Indium Droplets on Thin Metal Films, Substrate Texture upon Wetting, Dielectrophoresis, Microfluidics, Deformable Electrodes, Wearable Electronics, Flexible Antennae, Surface Oxidation of Alloys.
Download or read book The Physical Properties of Liquid Metals written by Takamichi Iida and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1988 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the first comprehensive critical survey of the microstructural characteristics of liquid metals which determine properties of viscosity, surface tension, density, heat capacity, thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity, diffusion, and velocity of sound transmission. The experimental techniques used to obtain these data are also reviewed. The result is a valuable set of correlations and reference data which enable the reader to understand the basic phenomena underlying the properties of liquid metals. As such, the book will be invaluable for metallurgists and materials engineers working in this area.
Download or read book Chemistry of Aluminium Gallium Indium and Thallium written by A.J. Downs and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1993-05-31 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Boron has all the best tunes. That may well be the first impression of the Group 13 elements. The chemical literature fosters the impression not only in the primary journals, but also in asteady outflowofbooks focussing more or less closely on boron and its compounds. The same preoccupation with boron is apparent in the coverage received by the Group 13 elements in the comprehensive and regularly updated volume of the Gmelin Handbook. Yet such an imbalance cannot be explained by any inherent lack ofvariety, interest or consequence in the 'heavier elements. Aluminium is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust; in the industrialised world the metal is second only to iron in its usage, and its compounds can justifiably be said to touch our lives daily - to the potential detriment of those and other lives, some would argue. From being chemical curios, gallium and indium have now gained considerably prominence as sources of compound semiconductors like gallium arsenide and indium antimonide. Nor is there any want ofincident in the chemistriesofthe heavier Group 13 elements. In their redox, coordination and structural properties, there is to be found music indeed, notable not always for its harmony but invariably for its richness and variety. Thisbook seeks to redress the balance with a definitive, wide-rangingand up-to-date review of the chemistry of the Group 13 metals aluminium, gallium, indium and thallium.
Download or read book A Study of Electrochemically Controlled Interfacial Tension of Eutectic Gallium Indium written by Praneshnandan Nithyanandam and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Introduction to Condensed Matter Chemistry written by Jihong Yu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-06-10 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Condensed Matter Chemistry offers a general view of chemistry from the perspective of condensed matter chemistry, analyzing and contrasting chemical reactions in a more realistic setting than traditional thinking. Readers will also find discussions on the goals and major scientific questions in condensed matter chemistry and the molecular engineering of functional condensed matter. Processes and products of chemical reactions should not be determined solely by the structure and composition of these basic species but also by the complex and possibly multilevel structured physical and chemical environment, together referred to as their condensed state. Relevant matters in condensed state should be the main bodies of chemical reactions, which is applicable not only to solids and liquids but also to gas molecules as reactions among gas molecules can take place only in the presence of catalysts in specific condensed states or after their state transition under extreme reaction conditions. This book provides new insights on the liquid state chemistry, definitions, aspects, and interactions, summarizing fundamentals of main chemical reactions from a new perspective. Helps to establish the new field of Condensed Matter Chemistry Highlights the molecular engineering of functional condensed matter Focuses on both liquid and solid state chemistry
Download or read book Chemistry of Functional Materials Surfaces and Interfaces written by Andrei Honciuc and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-02-19 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemistry of Functional Materials Surfaces and Interfaces: Fundamentals and Applications gives a descriptive account of interfacial phenomena step-by-step, from simple to complex, to provide readers with a strong foundation of knowledge in interfacial materials chemistry. Many case studies are provided to give real-world examples of problems and their solutions, allowing readers to make the connection between fundamental understanding and applications. Emerging applications in nanomaterials and nanotechnology are also discussed. Throughout the book, the author explains the common interface and surface equations, models, methods, and applications in the creation of functional materials. The goal of Chemistry of Functional Materials Surfaces and Interfaces is to provide readers with the basic understanding of the common tools of surface and interface chemistry for application in materials science and nanotechnology. This book is suitable for researchers and practitioners in the disciplines of materials science and engineering and surface and interface chemistry. Includes numerous real-world examples and case studies throughout Addresses emerging applications of interfacial materials chemistry in nanomaterials and nanotechnology Provides the foundational concepts of surface and interfacial science with models, equation, and methods
