Download or read book Intercellular Communication in the Nervous System written by Robert Malenka and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-05-22 with total page 777 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intercellular communication is part of a complex system of communication that governs basic cellular activities and coordinates cell actions. The ability of cells to perceive and correctly respond to their environment is the basis of growth and development, tissue repair, and immunity as well as normal tissue homeostasis. Errors in cellular information processing are responsible for diseases such as cancer, autoimmunity, diabetes, and neurological and psychiatric disorders. There is substantial drug development concentrating on this and intercellular communication is the basis of much of neuropharmacology. By understanding cell signaling, diseases may be treated effectively and, theoretically, artificial tissues may be yielded. Neurotransmitters/receptors, synaptic structure and organization, gap junctions, neurotrophic factors and neuropeptides are all explored in this volume, as are the ways in which signaling controls neuroendocrinology, neuroimmunology and neuropharmacology. Intercellular Communication in the Nervous System provides a valuable desk reference for all scientists who consider signaling. - Chapters offer impressive scope with topics addressing neurotransmitters/receptors, synaptic structure and organization, neuropeptides, gap junctions, neuropharmacology and more - Richly illustrated in full color with over 200 figures - Contributors represent the most outstanding scholarship in the field, with each chapter providing fully vetted and reliable expert knowledge

Download or read book Intercellular Signaling in the Developing Nervous System written by Norman Ng and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Noradrenergic Signaling and Astroglia written by Nina Vardjan and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-07-13 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Noradrenergic Signaling and Astroglia integrates what is known about the active role of astroglia in the locus coeruleus-noradrenergic system and outlines the most recent advances in the field. It discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying norepinephrine-induced receptor activation in astroglia, cellular metabolism and CNS energy provision, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models, gliosignalling and neuronal activity, and astroglial networks, gap junctions, and morphological plasticity. The book also addresses the role of astroglial adrenergic receptor activation in memory formation, cognition, regulation of sleep homeostasis, and lastly in neurological disorders, including trauma (cellular edema), neurodegeneration (Alzheimer's disease), and neuroinflammation (multiple sclerosis). Noradrenergic Signaling and Astroglia is a valuable source of new knowledge for a wide audience, including graduate students, post-doctoral fellows, and researchers in neuroscience, life sciences, and the biological and biomedical sciences. - Covers what is currently known about the role of astroglia in the noradrenergic system - Provides biochemical and physiological mechanistic data to understand how noradrenergic signals acting on astroglia produce observed effects - Includes figures and tables of structures, mechanisms and processes related to astroglia and noradrenergic signaling in CNS

Download or read book Cellular and Molecular Analysis of Motor Neuron Development in the Zebrafish Hindbrain written by Stephanie Bingham and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proper development of the nervous system depends upon the production of neurons in the correct numbers, and in the correct locations. Many cell fate decisions in the developing nervous system depend on intercellular signaling mediated by the transmembrane proteins Notch and Delta. Failure of Notch signaling in zebrafish mind bomb ( mib ) mutants generates a neurogenic phenotype in the hindbrain characterized by the overproduction of some neuronal cell types, and accompanied by a significant loss of motor neurons and neuroepithelial cells. Genetic mosaic analysis indicates that hindbrain motor neuron patterning and fusion defects in mib mutants arise non-cell autonomously, partly due to the differentiation of midline neuroepithelial cells into neurons. These results highlight the importance of non-neuronal cells to rhombomere boundaries formation and midline tissues which are the sources of signals for numerous patterning mechanisms within the developing brain. Additional signaling pathways act on these neuronal precursors to induce the formation of specific neuronal types. For example, motor neurons are induced by secreted proteins encoded by the hedgehog gene family. Mutations in shh alone lead to reduced induction of hindbrain motor neurons, while reduction of twhh expression does not affect motor neuron number. However, when both functions of twhh and shh are disrupted, there is a complete failure to induce hindbrain motor neurons. These results demonstrate that shh and twhh play a cooperative role in zebrafish hindbrain motor neuron induction, and suggest that hindbrain motor neuron induction in zebrafish may be dependent on the concentration of total hedgehog activity, rather than different hedgehog proteins. A subset of motor neurons migrates tangentially into more caudal hindbrain locations following induction in anterior hindbrain regions in the wild-type zebrafish but fail to do so in the trilobite mutant. Genetic mosaic analysis revealed that the neuronal migration defect in tri mutants is due to the loss of cell autonomous and non-cell autonomous tri function. In vivo time-lapse and molecular analyses demonstrate that mutations in the zebrafish gene trilobite ( tri ) specifically affect the ability of motor neurons in the hindbrain to polarize their protrusions, leading to the elimination of tangential motor neuron migration. We now know that tri encodes the Planar Cell Polarity gene, Strabismus , previously unidentified for its role in mediating neuronal cell movements. tri therefore represents an important genetic tool in understanding the mechanisms underlying tangential neuronal migration.

Download or read book Roles for EphA4 mediated Intercellular Signaling in Corticogenesis and in the Development of the Peripheral Somatosensory System written by Hilary North and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases and its ligands, the ephrins, serve a variety of purposes during the development of many biological systems. Here, we have examined their role in nervous system development. Specifically, we used mice lacking one receptor, EphA4, to determine the function of that family member during normal development of the mouse. While many neurological phenotypes such as improper corticospinal and anterior commissure decussation, dendritic spine formation and auditory brainstem axon targeting have been attributed to insufficient EphA4 function during embryonic and neural development, we discovered two novel roles over the course of our investigation: EphA4 is essential to the proliferation of cortical progenitor cells during the development of the mammalian cerebral cortex and to the proper formation of the trigeminal somatosensory system's primary sensory organ, the maxillary vibrissae. Our investigation of these two systems revealed a number of noteworthy additional findings including a novel Eph receptor/ ephrin ligand binding pair, EphA4 and ephrin-B1, and possible evidence that neuronal presence may induce formation of target organs during vibrissal development. The two distinct studies presented in this doctoral dissertation have generated excitement in their respective fields, underscoring the continued relevance of the Eph/ephrin family of molecules to mammalian nervous system development.

Download or read book Anatomy and Physiology written by J. Gordon Betts and published by . This book was released on 2013-04-25 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Purinergic Signalling and the Nervous System written by Geoffrey Burnstock and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-05 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first 20 years that followed the purinergic signalling hypothesis in 1972, most scientists were sceptical about its validity, largely because ATP was so well established as an intracellular molecule involved in cell biochemistry and it seemed unlikely that such a ubiquitous molecule would act as an extracellular signalling molecule. However, after the receptors for ATP and adenosine were cloned and characterized in the early 1990s and ATP was established as a synaptic transmitter in the brain and sympathetic ganglia, the tide turned. More recently it has become clear that ATP is involved in long-term (trophic) signalling in cell proliferation, differentiation and death, in development and regeneration, as well as in short-term signalling in neurotransmission and secretion. Also, important papers have been published showing the molecular structure of P2X receptors in primitive animals like Amoeba and Schistosoma, as well as green algae. This has led to the recognition of the widespread nature of the purinergic signalling system in most cell types and to a rapid expansion of the field, including studies of the pathophysiology as well as physiology and exploration of the therapeutic potential of purinergic agents. In two books, Geoffrey Burnstock and Alexej Verkhratsky have aimed at drawing together the massive and diverse body of literature on purinergic signalling. The topic of this first book is purinergic signalling in the peripheral and central nervous systems and in the individual senses. In a second book the authors focus on purinergic signalling in non-excitable cells, including those of the airways, kidney, pancreas, endocrine glands and blood vessels. Diseases related to these systems are also considered.

Download or read book From Neurons to Neighborhoods written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-11-13 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How we raise young children is one of today's most highly personalized and sharply politicized issues, in part because each of us can claim some level of "expertise." The debate has intensified as discoveries about our development-in the womb and in the first months and years-have reached the popular media. How can we use our burgeoning knowledge to assure the well-being of all young children, for their own sake as well as for the sake of our nation? Drawing from new findings, this book presents important conclusions about nature-versus-nurture, the impact of being born into a working family, the effect of politics on programs for children, the costs and benefits of intervention, and other issues. The committee issues a series of challenges to decision makers regarding the quality of child care, issues of racial and ethnic diversity, the integration of children's cognitive and emotional development, and more. Authoritative yet accessible, From Neurons to Neighborhoods presents the evidence about "brain wiring" and how kids learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior. It examines the effect of the climate-family, child care, community-within which the child grows.

Download or read book The Neuron written by Irwin B. Levitan and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2002 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intended for use by advanced undergraduate, graduate and medical students, this book presents a study of the unique biochemical and physiological properties of neurons, emphasising the molecular mechanisms that generate and regulate their activity.

Download or read book Extracellular and Intracellular Signaling written by James D. Adams and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2011 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intracellular cell signaling is a well understood process. However, extracellular signals such as hormones, adipokines, cytokines and neurotransmitters are just as important but have been largely ignored in other works. Aimed at medical professionals and pharmaceutical specialists, this book integrates extracellular and intracellular signalling processes and offers a fresh perspective on new drug targets.

Download or read book Mayo Clinic Medical Neurosciences written by Eduardo E. Benarroch and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 850 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fully updated and revised according to student feedback, the sixth edition of Mayo Clinic Medical Neurosciences: Organized by Neurologic System and Level provides a systematic approach to anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the nervous system inspired by the neurologist's approach to solving clinical problems. This volume has 4 sections: 1) an overview of the neurosciences necessary for understanding anatomical localization and pathophysiologic characterization of neurologic disorders; 2) an approach to localizing lesions in the 7 longitudinal systems of the nervous system; 3) an approach to localizing lesions in the 4 horizontal levels of the nervous system; and 4) a collection of clinical problems. This book provides the neuroscience framework to support the neurologist in a clinical setting and is also a great resource for neurology and psychiatry board certifications. This is the perfect guide for all medical students and neurology, psychiatry, and physical medicine residents at early stages of training. New to This Edition - A chapter devoted to multiple-choice questions for self-assessment - Discussion of emerging concepts in molecular, cellular, and system neurosciences - New chapters on emotion and consciousness systems - Incorporation of new discoveries in neuroimaging and an appendix for tables of medications commonly used to treat neurologic disorders

Download or read book Insulin Insulin Like Growth Factors and Their Receptors in the Central Nervous System written by Mohan Raizada and published by . This book was released on 1987-11-01 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mechanosensitivity of the Nervous System written by Andre Kamkin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-22 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the latest findings in mechanosensitivity of the nervous system. The nervous system stands out from a number of tissues because besides reacting to the mechanical stress it is transmitting its own response to other organs and tissues, which are located downstream of its signaling pathway. For this reason any type of mechanical stimulation of the nervous system, which is capable of triggering a physiological response, has high scientific and practical significance, since it allows its use beyond a particular experimental model anywhere where it is contributing to a particular pathological condition. This book is a unique collection of reviews outlining the current knowledge and the future developments in this rapidly growing field. Currently, investigations of the effects of mechanical stress on the nervous system are focused on several issues. The majority of studies investigate the effects of mechanical stimulation on mechanosensitive channels, as its primary target and interactive agent, and aim on description of downstream intracellular signaling pathways together with addressing general issues of biomechanics of the nervous system. Knowledge of biomechanics, and mechanisms, which underlie it on organism, organ, tissue and cellular level, is necessary for understanding of the normal functioning of living organisms and allows to predict changes which arise due to alterations of their environment, and possibly will allow to develop new methods of artificial intervention. The book brings up the problem closer to the experts in related medical and biological sciences as well as practicing doctors besides just presenting the latest achievements in the field.

Download or read book Astrocytes in Patho Physiology of the Nervous System written by Vladimir Parpura and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-11 with total page 701 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Astrocytes were the original neuroglia that Ramón y Cajal visualized in 1913 using a gold sublimate stain. This stain targeted intermediate filaments that we now know consist mainly of glial fibrillary acidic protein, a protein used today as an astrocytic marker. Cajal described the morphological diversity of these cells with some ast- cytes surrounding neurons, while the others are intimately associated with vasculature. We start the book by discussing the heterogeneity of astrocytes using contemporary tools and by calling into question the assumption by classical neuroscience that neurons and glia are derived from distinct pools of progenitor cells. Astrocytes have long been neglected as active participants in intercellular communication and information processing in the central nervous system, in part due to their lack of electrical excitability. The follow up chapters review the “nuts and bolts” of ast- cytic physiology; astrocytes possess a diverse assortment of ion channels, neu- transmitter receptors, and transport mechanisms that enable the astrocytes to respond to many of the same signals that act on neurons. Since astrocytes can detect chemical transmitters that are released from neurons and can release their own extracellular signals there is an increasing awareness that they play physiological roles in regulating neuronal activity and synaptic transmission. In addition to these physiological roles, it is becoming increasingly recognized that astrocytes play critical roles during pathophysiological states of the nervous system; these states include gliomas, Alexander disease, and epilepsy to mention a few.

Download or read book Neuromorphic Olfaction written by Krishna C. Persaud and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many advances have been made in the last decade in the understanding of the computational principles underlying olfactory system functioning. Neuromorphic Olfaction is a collaboration among European researchers who, through NEUROCHEM (Fp7-Grant Agreement Number 216916)-a challenging and innovative European-funded project-introduce novel computing p

Download or read book Biology for AP Courses written by Julianne Zedalis and published by . This book was released on 2017-10-16 with total page 1923 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biology for AP® courses covers the scope and sequence requirements of a typical two-semester Advanced Placement® biology course. The text provides comprehensive coverage of foundational research and core biology concepts through an evolutionary lens. Biology for AP® Courses was designed to meet and exceed the requirements of the College Board’s AP® Biology framework while allowing significant flexibility for instructors. Each section of the book includes an introduction based on the AP® curriculum and includes rich features that engage students in scientific practice and AP® test preparation; it also highlights careers and research opportunities in biological sciences.