Download or read book Interactions of Engineered Silica Nanoparticles with Cell Membrane Models written by Ali Asghari Adib and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ubiquity of engineered nanomaterials in industrial and biomedical applications has led to higher chances of exposure, raising concerns regarding their cytotoxicity. In this thesis, interactions of engineered silica nanoparticles (104 ± 5 nm), coated with different surface functional groups [hydroxyl, amine, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 2K, PEG 5K, PEG 20K], with lipid monolayer and lipid bilayer membrane models are investigated.
Download or read book Interactions of Engineered Nanomaterials with the Cell Plasma Membrane written by Saeed Nazemidashtarjandi and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With increasing industrial and biomedical applications of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), concerns have been raised regarding increased risk of exposure. Exposure to ENMs can potentially lead to adverse health effects including cell toxicity. The plasma membrane, a lipid-protein bilayer surrounding all cells, is the first cellular entity that comes into direct contact with foreign particles. Membrane damage by ENMs is one of the potential mechanisms through which ENMs induce cytotoxicity. In recent years, significant effort has been focused on elucidating the complex interactions at the particle-plasma membrane interface. Such studies have primarily relied on membrane models to tease out what particle physicochemical properties might perturb the structure and function of the cell plasma membrane. However, the role of membrane lipid asymmetry, the fact that the plasma membrane has a different lipid composition in the exofacial leaflet compared to the cytofacial leaflet, in regulating nanoparticle-membrane interactions has remained obscure. In the first aim of this dissertation research, the role of individual membrane leaflets in regulating the interactions of membrane models and erythrocytes with engineered silica nanoparticles (50 and 100 nm) was examined. It was found that silica nanoparticles bind to and disrupt synthetic vesicles mimicking the exofacial leaflet but not those mimicking the cytofacial leaflet of the erythrocyte plasma membrane. Nanoparticles that disrupted vesicles mimicking the exofacial leaflet also induced hemolysis in erythrocytes, suggesting that the exofacial leaflet is the primary regulator of nanoparticle-induced membrane damage. This was confirmed by demonstrating that nanoparticles caused similar disruptive behavior in symmetric and asymmetric vesicles, which had similar outer leaflet, but different inner leaflet lipid compositions. Together, these studies reveal that membrane lipid asymmetry plays a minor role in nanoparticle-induced membrane disruption with the exofacial leaflet being the primary regulator of interactions.
Download or read book Characterizing Nanoparticle Interactions at the Cellular Membrane written by Arielle Christen Mensch and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the use of nanotechnology continues to rise, the release of engineered nanomaterials into the environment becomes inevitable. A need exists to understand the implications of engineered nanomaterials and to develop sustainable alternatives as adverse impacts are uncovered. In order to reduce any negative impacts of nanomaterials and exploit any beneficial impacts, the field of environmental nanotechnology must aim to understand the behavior of nanomaterials in complex environments through the use of [in situ] analytical methods and utilize model systems (both in terms of nanomaterials and organisms) to determine the chemical factors that drive nanoparticle behavior. The work presented here focuses on the cellular membrane, which is hypothesized to be the first point of contact between a nanomaterial and an organism. The characterization of different models cellular membranes and the characterization of nanoparticle interactions at these model membranes are presented. First, we investigated the impact of natural organic matter (NOM), which is found ubiquitously in the environment, on the interactions between polymer wrapped diamond nanoparticles (DNPs) and lipopolysaccharide-containing supported lipid bilayers, a model for Gram-negative bacteria cell membranes. To demonstrate the relevance of our model system we extended our study to include experiments using a Gram-negative bacterium, [Shewanella oneidensis] MR-1. We found that NOM impacted the hydrodynamic and electrokinetic properties of DNPs in a concentration dependent manner, which altered subsequent interactions with both model and actual biological membranes. Our results demonstrate that the effects of NOM coronas on nanoparticle properties and interactions with biological surfaces can depend on the relative amounts of NOM and nanoparticles. We then examined the impact of polymer wrapped quantum dots (QDs) on supported lipid bilayers containing important biomolecules found in the outer membrane of eukaryotic cells (cholesterol and sphingomyelin). We used [in situ] analytical methods to study these interactions in real time and found that the QDs caused structural changes to the bilayers studied. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring coupled with nanoplasmonic sensing revealed favorable interaction between the QDs and the bilayers. Increases in dissipation and apparent mass gains upon rinse suggested structural rearrangement was occurring. Time-lapsed atomic force microscopy confirmed this hypothesis and revealed the disappearance of phase-segregated domains upon interaction with the QDs. Our results demonstrate the importance of using complementary [in situ] analytical methods to understand the complex interactions that occur at the cellular membrane. We next demonstrate the powerful capabilities of atomic force microscopy for imaging and characterizing biological membranes. We investigate the impact of the substrate in the formation and characteristics of phase-segregated domains in supported lipid bilayers. We considered commonly used substrates in different analytical techniques (e.g., mica, silica, and glass). We discussed the importance of considering the substrate in drawing conclusions across different techniques. We also demonstrated the spatial and temporal correlation of atomic force and fluorescence microscopy. Finally, we extended our work using atomic force microscopy and developed a protocol to image and characterize the mechanical properties of fixed and live rainbow trout ([Oncorhynchus mykiss]) gill epithelial cells. We discussed various experimental variables such as instrumental parameters, type of AFM probe used, and the confluency of the cells on the substrate. We found that the ideal imaging conditions included using an AFM probe with a low spring constant and relatively dull tip, working with cells grown to ~75% confluency, and scanning at low speeds, high amplitudes, and minimal forces. We showed that fixed trout gill cells had an increased height and modulus value as compared to live cells. This work demonstrated the first example of AFM imaging and mechanical mapping on either fixed or live trout gill cells and set a protocol to examine the impacts of different stressors, such as nanomaterials, on trout gill cells.
Download or read book Colloidal Silica written by Horacio E. Bergna and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-12-19 with total page 926 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In spite of the apparent simplicity of silica's composition and structure, scientists are still investigating fundamental questions regarding the formation, constitution, and behavior of colloidal silica systems. Colloidal Silica: Fundamentals and Applications introduces new information on colloid science related to silica chemistry as well
Download or read book Modeling of Interactions Between Nanoparticles and Cell Membranes written by Young-Min Ban and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hydrophobic interaction between the particles and membrane core induces the strong coupling between the nanoparticle motion and membrane deformation. It is observed that the considered nanoparticles affect several physical properties of the membrane. The nanoparticles embedded into the membrane interior lead to the membrane softening, which becomes more significant with increase in CNT length and concentration. The lateral pressure profile and membrane energy in the membrane containing the nanoparticles exhibit localized perturbation around the nanoparticle. The nanoparticles are not likely to affect membrane protein function by the weak perturbation of the internal stress in the membrane. Due to the short-ranged interactions between the nanoparticles, the nanoparticles would not form aggregates inside membranes. The effect of lipid peroxidation on cell membrane deformation is assessed. The peroxidized lipids introduce a perturbation to the internal structure of the membrane leading to higher amplitude of the membrane fluctuations. Higher concentration of the peroxidized lipids induces more significant perturbation. Cumulative effects of lipid peroxidation caused by nanoparticles are examined for the first time. The considered amphiphilic particle appears to reduce the perturbation of the membrane structure at its equilibrium position inside the peroxidized membrane. This suggests a possibility of antioxidant effect of the nanoparticle.
Download or read book Biophysical Interactions Between Engineered Nanoparticles and Biomimetic Model Membranes written by Marcos Arribas Perez and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Magnetic Nanomaterials written by Yanglong Hou and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-10-23 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Timely and comprehensive, this book presents recent advances in magnetic nanomaterials research, covering the latest developments, including the design and preparation of magnetic nanoparticles, their physical and chemical properties as well as their applications in different fields, including biomedicine, magnetic energy storage, wave-absorbing and water remediation. By allowing researchers to get to the forefront developments related to magnetic nanomaterials in various disciplines, this is invaluable reading for the nano, magnetic, energy, medical, and environmental communities.
Download or read book Micro Raman Spectroscopy written by Jürgen Popp and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-02-10 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Micro-Raman Spectroscopy introduces readers to the theory and application of Raman microscopy. Raman microscopy is used to study the chemical signature of samples with little preperation in a non-destructive manner. An easy to use technique with ever increasing technological advances, Micro-Raman has significant application for researchers in the fields of materials science, medicine, pharmaceuticals, and chemistry.
Download or read book Bioactivity of Engineered Nanoparticles written by Bing Yan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-17 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together reviews from international experts who are exploring the biological activities of nanomaterials for medical applications or to better understand nanotoxicity. Topics include but are not limited to the following: 1) mechanistic understanding of nanostructure-bioactivity relationships; 2) the regulation of nanoparticles’ bioactivity by means of chemical modification; 3) the new methodologies and standard methods used to assess nanoparticles’ bioactivity; 4) the mechanisms involved in nanoparticle-biomolecule interactions and nanoparticle-cell interactions; and 5) biomedical applications of nanotechnology. The book will be a valuable resource for a broad readership in various subfields of chemical science, engineering, biology, environment, and medicine.
Download or read book Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano and Microsystems written by Leena Peltonen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-12-21 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn about the analytical tools used to characterize particulate drug delivery systems with this comprehensive overview Edited by a leading expert in the field, Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano- and Microsystems provides a complete description of the analytical techniques used to characterize particulate drug systems on the micro- and nanoscale. The book offers readers a full understanding of the basic physicochemical characteristics, material properties and differences between micro- and nanosystems. It explains how and why greater experience and more reliable measurement techniques are required as particle size shrinks, and the measured phenomena grow weaker. Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano- and Microsystems deals with a wide variety of topics relevant to chemical and solid-state analysis of drug delivery systems, including drug release, permeation, cell interaction, and safety. It is a complete resource for those interested in the development and manufacture of new medicines, the drug development process, and the translation of those drugs into life-enriching and lifesaving medicines. Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano- and Microsystems covers all of the following topics: An introduction to the analytical tools applied to determine particle size, morphology, and shape Common chemical approaches to drug system characterization A description of solid-state characterization of drug systems Drug release and permeation studies Toxicity and safety issues The interaction of drug particles with cells Perfect for pharmaceutical chemists and engineers, as well as all other industry professionals and researchers who deal with drug delivery systems on a regular basis, Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano- and Microsystems also belongs on bookshelves of interested students and faculty who interact with this topic.
Download or read book Phospholipid Bilayers written by Gregor Cevc and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1987-05-04 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduces the principles underlying the fundamental physical properties of phospholipid bilayer membranes and summarizes current research in the field and directions for research. Covers the various methods of approach, summarizes a range of specific models, and gives detailed accounts of those models most useful for future work. Introduces the subject in a way that is accessible to those with little background in the subject, while presenting information at the forefront of current knowledge concerning it.
Download or read book Unraveling the Safety Profile of Nanoscale Particles and Materials written by Andreia Ferreira de Castro Gomes and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-03-21 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As nanomaterials become increasingly present in our daily lives, pertinent questions regarding their safety arise. Nanomaterial risk assessment, as in other areas, directs much of the effort worldwide in defining guidelines that may be translated into national or international directives. Nanomaterials encompass different entities, from nanoparticles to nanostructured materials, with specific effects over cells, tissues, organisms and ecosystems depending on their biophysical characteristics. Such interactions will directly affect the impact of novel nanotechnologies. This book aims to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art in nanotoxicology, featuring the most important developments and critical issues regarding the use of and exposure to nanoparticles.
Download or read book Protein Nanoparticle Interactions written by Masoud Rahman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-24 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the fabrication of nanomaterials and exploration of their properties have attracted the attention of various scientific disciplines such as biology, physics, chemistry, and engineering. Although nanoparticulate systems are of significant interest in various scientific and technological areas, there is little known about the safety of these nanoscale objects. It has now been established that the surfaces of nanoparticles are immediately covered by biomolecules (e.g. proteins, ions, and enzymes) upon their entrance into a biological medium. This interaction with the biological medium modulates the surface of the nanoparticles, conferring a “biological identity” to their surfaces (referred to as a “corona”), which determines the subsequent cellular/tissue responses. The new interface between the nanoparticles and the biological medium/proteins, called “bio-nano interface,” has been very rarely studied in detail to date, though the interest in this topic is rapidly growing. In this book, the importance of the physiochemical characteristics of nanoparticles for the properties of the protein corona is discussed in detail, followed by comprehensive descriptions of the methods for assessing the protein-nanoparticle interactions. The advantages and limitations of available corona evaluation methods (e.g. spectroscopy methods, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, electron microscopy, X-ray crystallography, and differential centrifugal sedimentation) are examined in detail, followed by a discussion of the possibilities for enhancing the current methods and a call for new techniques. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of protein-nanoparticle interaction phenomena are explored and discussed, with a focus on the biological impacts.
Download or read book Microbial Interactions at Nanobiotechnology Interfaces written by R. Navanietha Krishnaraj and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-11-02 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MICROBIAL INTERACTIONS AT NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY INTERFACES This book covers a wide range of topics including synthesis of nanomaterials with specific size, shape, and properties, structure-function relationships, tailoring the surface of nanomaterials for improving the properties, interaction of nanomaterials with proteins/microorganism/eukaryotic cells, and applications in different sectors. This book also provides a strong foundation for researchers who are interested to venture into developing functionalized nanomaterials for any biological applications in their research. Practical concepts such as modelling nanomaterials, and simulating the molecular interactions with biomolecules, transcriptomic or genomic approaches, advanced imaging techniques to investigate the functionalization of nanomaterials/interaction of nanomaterials with biomolecules and microorganisms are some of the chapters that offer significant benefits to the researchers.
Download or read book Nanoparticle Protein Corona written by Ashutosh Kumar and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2019-07-26 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanoparticles have numerous biomedical applications including drug delivery, bone implants and imaging. A protein corona is formed when proteins existing in a biological system cover the nanoparticle surface. The formation of a nanoparticle–protein corona, changes the behaviour of the nanoparticle, resulting in new biological characteristics and influencing the circulation lifetime, accumulation, toxicity, cellular uptake and agglomeration. This book provides a detailed understanding of nanoparticle–protein corona formation, its biological significance and the factors that govern the formation of coronas. It also explains the impact of nanoparticle–protein interactions on biological assays, ecotoxicity studies and proteomics research. It will be of interest to researchers studying the application of nanoparticles as well as toxicologists and pharmaceutical chemists.
Download or read book In Vitro Transcription and Translation Protocols written by Martin J. Tymms and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-02 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most laboratories conducting studies that use molecular biology techniques employ in vitro transcription and translation systems as a routine part of their day-to-day research. The commercial availability of purified bacterial RNA polymerase and the availability of robust tra- lation systems has made in vitro systems attractive not only as an alt- native to the in vivo expression of genes, but also as good model systems for studying specific aspects of transcription and translation. Although fairly efficient eukaryotic translation systems have been established for a number of years, reconstitution of transcription in vitro has proved to be more difficult. Recent improvements in fractionation techniques and the cloning of proteins involved in transcription have made this a fast moving area of research. Considerable progress has also been made in recent years in developing in vitro systems to study transcription and translation in chloroplasts and mitochondria, together with systems for the study of protein import. In Vitro Transcription and Translation Protocols provides many detailed experimental procedures for prokaryotic transcription and translation systems, together with protocols for many key techniques used in the analysis of eukaryotic transcription. In keeping with the successful format of preceding volumes of the Methods in Molecular Biology series, step-by-step instructions are provided, together with extensive notes that cover troubleshooting and special tips considered important.
Download or read book Algae written by Nooruddin Thajuddin and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-06-29 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Algae - Organisms for Imminent Biotechnology will be useful source of information on basic and applied aspects of algae for post graduate students, researchers, scientists, agriculturists, and decision makers. The book comprises a total of 12 chapters covering various aspects of algae particularly on microalgal biotechnology, bloom dynamics, photobioreactor design and operation of microalgal mass cultivation, algae used as indicator of water quality, microalgal biosensors for ecological monitoring in aquatic environment, carbon capture and storage by microalgae to enhancing CO2 removal, synthesis and biotechnological potentials of algal nanoparticles, biofilms, silica-based nanovectors, challenges and opportunities in marine algae, and genetic identification and mass propagation of economically important seaweeds and seaweeds as source of new bioactive prototypes.
