Download or read book Interactions of Engineered Nanomaterials with the Cell Plasma Membrane written by Saeed Nazemidashtarjandi and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With increasing industrial and biomedical applications of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), concerns have been raised regarding increased risk of exposure. Exposure to ENMs can potentially lead to adverse health effects including cell toxicity. The plasma membrane, a lipid-protein bilayer surrounding all cells, is the first cellular entity that comes into direct contact with foreign particles. Membrane damage by ENMs is one of the potential mechanisms through which ENMs induce cytotoxicity. In recent years, significant effort has been focused on elucidating the complex interactions at the particle-plasma membrane interface. Such studies have primarily relied on membrane models to tease out what particle physicochemical properties might perturb the structure and function of the cell plasma membrane. However, the role of membrane lipid asymmetry, the fact that the plasma membrane has a different lipid composition in the exofacial leaflet compared to the cytofacial leaflet, in regulating nanoparticle-membrane interactions has remained obscure. In the first aim of this dissertation research, the role of individual membrane leaflets in regulating the interactions of membrane models and erythrocytes with engineered silica nanoparticles (50 and 100 nm) was examined. It was found that silica nanoparticles bind to and disrupt synthetic vesicles mimicking the exofacial leaflet but not those mimicking the cytofacial leaflet of the erythrocyte plasma membrane. Nanoparticles that disrupted vesicles mimicking the exofacial leaflet also induced hemolysis in erythrocytes, suggesting that the exofacial leaflet is the primary regulator of nanoparticle-induced membrane damage. This was confirmed by demonstrating that nanoparticles caused similar disruptive behavior in symmetric and asymmetric vesicles, which had similar outer leaflet, but different inner leaflet lipid compositions. Together, these studies reveal that membrane lipid asymmetry plays a minor role in nanoparticle-induced membrane disruption with the exofacial leaflet being the primary regulator of interactions.
Download or read book Handbook Of Immunological Properties Of Engineered Nanomaterials Second Edition In 3 Volumes written by Marina A Dobrovolskaia and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016-01-28 with total page 1184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book provides comprehensive overview of the field of immunology related to engineered nanomaterials used for biomedical applications. It contains literature review, case studies and protocols. The book can serve as a source of information about nanoimmunotoxicology for both junior scientists and experts in the field. The authors have more than 10 years of experience with preclinical characterization of engineered nanomaterials used for medical applications, and they share their experience with the readers. In addition, the international team of experts in the field provides the opinion and share the expertise on individual topics related to nanoparticle physicochemical characterization, hematocompatibility, and effects on the immune cell function . The second edition contains updated chapters from the first edition plus new chapters covering areas of tumor immunology, nanoparticle interaction with lymphatic system, mathematical modeling of protein corona, utilization of nanoparticles for the delivery of antiviral drugs, extensive analysis of nanoparticle anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, novel ways of protecting therapeutic nanoparticles from the immune recognition, as well as case studies regarding nanoparticle sterilization, complement activation, protein binding and immunotherapy of cancer. The second edition comes in 3 volumes. Volume 1 is focused on nanoparticle characterization, sterility and sterilization, pyrogen contamination and depyrigenation. It also contains overview of regulatory guidelines, protocols for in vitro and in vivo immunotoxicity studies, and correlation between in vitro and in vivo immunoassays. Volume 2 is focused on hematocompatibility of nanomaterials. It provides comprehensive review and protocols for investigating nanoparticle interaction with erythrocytes, platelets, endothelial cells, plasma coagulation factors and plasma proteins forming so called 'corona' around nanoparticles. Volume 3 is dedicated to nanoparticle interaction with and effects on the immune cell function. It also contains examples of nanoparticle use for delivery of antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs.
Download or read book Handbook of Immunological Properties of Engineered Nanomaterials written by Marina Dobrovolskaia and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013 with total page 721 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Immunological Properties of Engineered Nanomaterials provides a comprehensive overview of the current literature, methodologies, and translational and regulatory considerations in the field of nanoimmunotoxicology. The main subject is the immunological properties of engineered nanomaterials. Focus areas include interactions between engineered nanomaterials and red blood cells, platelets, endothelial cells, professional phagocytes, T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, complement and coagulation systems, and plasma proteins, with discussions on nanoparticle sterility and sterilization. Each chapter presents a broad literature review of the given focus area, describes protocols and resources available to support research in the individual focus areas, highlights challenges, and outlines unanswered questions and future directions. In addition, the Handbook includes an overview of and serves a guide to the physicochemical characterization of engineered nanomaterials essential to conducting meaningful immunological studies of nanoparticles. Regulations related to immunotoxicity testing of materials prior to their translation into the clinic are also reviewed.The Handbook is written by top experts in the field of nanomedicine, nanotechnology, and translational bionanotechnology, representing academia, government, industry, and consulting organizations, and regulatory agencies. The Handbook is designed to serve as a textbook for students, a practical guide for research laboratories, and an informational resource for scientific consultants, reviewers, and policy makers. It is written such that both experts and beginners will find the information highly useful and applicable.
Download or read book Engineered Nanoparticles written by Ashok K. Singh and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-11-24 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engineered Nanoparticles: Structure, Properties and Mechanisms of Toxicity is an indispensable introduction to engineered nanomaterials (ENM) and their potential adverse effects on human health and the environment. Although research in the area of pharmacology and toxicology of ENM is rapidly advancing, a possible correlation between their physicochemical properties and biomedical properties or toxicity is not yet fully understood. This understanding is essential to develop strategies for the safe applications and handling of ENM. The book comprehensively defines the current understanding of ENM toxicity, first describing these materials and their physicochemical properties, and then discussing the toxicological theory and methodology before finally demonstrating the potential impact of ENM on the environment and human health. It represents an essential reference for students and investigators in toxicology, pharmacology, chemistry, material sciences, medicine, and those in related disciplines who require an introduction to ENM and their potential toxicological effects. - Provides state-of-the-art physicochemical descriptions and methodologies for the characterization of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) - Describes the potential toxicological effects of ENM and the nanotoxicological mechanisms of action - Presents how to apply theory to practice in a public health and risk assessment setting
Download or read book In Vitro Characterizations of the Interactions Between Selected Engineered Nanomaterials and Cells written by Katherine Anne Clark and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biomolecular Interactions and Responses of Human Epithelial and Macrophage Cells to Engineered Nanomaterials written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are increasingly being used in commercial products, particularly in the biomedical, cosmetic, and clothing industries. For example, pants and shirts are routinely manufactured with silver nanoparticles to render them 'wrinkle-free.' Despite the growing applications, the associated environmental health and safety (EHS) impacts are completely unknown. The significance of this problem became pervasive within the general public when Prince Charles authored an article in 2004 warning of the potential social, ethical, health, and environmental issues connected to nanotechnology. The EHS concerns, however, continued to receive relatively little consideration from federal agencies as compared with large investments in basic nanoscience R & D. The mounting literature regarding the toxicology of ENMs (e.g., the ability of inhaled nanoparticles to cross the blood-brain barrier; Kwon et al., 2008, J. Occup. Health 50, 1) has spurred a recent realization within the NNI and other federal agencies that the EHS impacts related to nanotechnology must be addressed now. In our study we proposed to address critical aspects of this problem by developing primary correlations between nanoparticle properties and their effects on cell health and toxicity. A critical challenge embodied within this problem arises from the ability to synthesize nanoparticles with a wide array of physical properties (e.g., size, shape, composition, surface chemistry, etc.), which in turn creates an immense, multidimensional problem in assessing toxicological effects. In this work we first investigated varying sizes of quantum dots (Qdots) and their ability to cross cell membranes based on their aspect ratio utilizing hyperspectral confocal fluorescence microscopy. We then studied toxicity of epithelial cell lines that were exposed to different sized gold and silver nanoparticles using advanced imaging techniques, biochemical analyses, and optical and mass spectrometry methods. Finally we evaluated a new assay to measure transglutaminase (TG) activity; a potential marker for cell toxicity.
Download or read book Physicochemical Interactions of Engineered Nanoparticles and Plants written by Guadalupe De La Rosa and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-10-12 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physicochemical Interactions of Engineered Nanoparticles and Plants: A Systemic Approach, Volume Four in the Nanomaterial-Plant Interactions series, presents foundational information on how ENMs interact with the surrounding environment. Key themes include source, fate and transport of ENMs in the environment, biophysicochemical transformations of ENMs, and chemical reactions and mechanisms of ENMs transport in plants. This book is an essential read for any scientist or researcher looking to understand the molecular interactions between ENMs and Plants. Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) reach plant ecosystems through intentional or unintentional pathways. In any case, after release, these materials may be transformed in the environment by physical, chemical and biochemical processes. Once in contact with plant systems, biotransformation may still occur, affecting or stimulating plant metabolism. Since plants are the producers to the food chain, it is of paramount importance to understand these mechanisms at the molecular level. - Presents data, predictions and modeling regarding the presence of ENMs in air, water and soil - Explains, at the molecular level, the biogeochemical cycle of ENMs before plant exposure - Focuses on the reactions and mechanisms of ENMs and plants
Download or read book Biophysical Interactions Between Engineered Nanoparticles and Biomimetic Model Membranes written by Marcos Arribas Perez and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Protein Nanoparticle Interactions written by Masoud Rahman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-24 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the fabrication of nanomaterials and exploration of their properties have attracted the attention of various scientific disciplines such as biology, physics, chemistry, and engineering. Although nanoparticulate systems are of significant interest in various scientific and technological areas, there is little known about the safety of these nanoscale objects. It has now been established that the surfaces of nanoparticles are immediately covered by biomolecules (e.g. proteins, ions, and enzymes) upon their entrance into a biological medium. This interaction with the biological medium modulates the surface of the nanoparticles, conferring a “biological identity” to their surfaces (referred to as a “corona”), which determines the subsequent cellular/tissue responses. The new interface between the nanoparticles and the biological medium/proteins, called “bio-nano interface,” has been very rarely studied in detail to date, though the interest in this topic is rapidly growing. In this book, the importance of the physiochemical characteristics of nanoparticles for the properties of the protein corona is discussed in detail, followed by comprehensive descriptions of the methods for assessing the protein-nanoparticle interactions. The advantages and limitations of available corona evaluation methods (e.g. spectroscopy methods, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, electron microscopy, X-ray crystallography, and differential centrifugal sedimentation) are examined in detail, followed by a discussion of the possibilities for enhancing the current methods and a call for new techniques. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of protein-nanoparticle interaction phenomena are explored and discussed, with a focus on the biological impacts.
Download or read book Safety Aspects of Engineered Nanomaterials written by Wolfgang Luther and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contributions from leading researchers and government experts involved with the safety assessment of nanomaterials, this book gives an up-to-date review on the safety of engineered nanomaterials and their impact on health and the environment. It covers the whole nanomaterial life cycle-from production, transport, and distribution in the enviro
Download or read book Engineering Cell Membrane by Liposomal Treatment Modulates Endocytosis of Nanomaterials in Tumor Cells written by Shengnan Xiang and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Nanomedicines, including liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles, can target tumor cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis. However, the role of biophysics of cell lipid bilayer in nanoparticle uptake pathway remains unexplored. Nanomedicines are taken up mainly via clathrin/caveolae-mediated endocytosis, which depends on membrane deformation. Since phase behavior influences deformability of lipid bilayers, we postulated that phase behavior of cell membranes could impact endocytosis of nanomedicines. In second section of the dissertation, we inquired whether endocytosis of liposomes, a lipid bilayer-derived vesicle, depends on their phase behavior. First, it was shown that the endocytosis of liposomes was related to their phase behavior and increasing membrane fluidity diminished dynamin-dependent endocytosis of liposomes. Since liposomal treatment can modify the phase behavior of cell membranes, we further theorized that altering phase behavior of cell membranes by liposomal pre-treatment could impact endocytosis of nanoparticles. Using rhodamine-labeled PLGA nanoparticles and NBD-cholesterol labeled liposomes (100 nm) as models for nanomedicine, and employing giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMV) derived from MDA-MB-231 as model for the cell membrane the effect of liposomal treatment on nanomedicine uptake as investigated. Characterization of the stiffness of GPMV using flicker spectroscopy revealed that liposomal treatment can modify the stiffness and lipid composition of cell membrane, thereby modulating endocytic uptake of PLGA NPs. The increased cell membrane stiffness was found to elevate cellular uptake of NPs by promoting clathrin/caveolae/dynamin-mediated endocytosis. Cellular uptake of lipid vesicles is important for cell communication and drug delivery. Since lipid vesicles can be taken up by the cells upon interacting with plasma membranes, in section three of the dissertation, it was postulated that the pattern of membrane interaction would determine endocytic uptake mechanism of liposomes. Since cholesterol can influence the phase behavior and curvature of lipid bilayers, and thereby impacting interaction between lipid bilayers, the role of liposomal free cholesterol in liposome-cell interaction was investigated. We found that efficiency of nonspecific membrane interaction was associated with cellular uptake mechanisms of liposomes and liposomal free cholesterol enhanced the non-specific liposome-cell membrane interaction; resulting diminished caveolae-mediated endocytosis of liposomes. Since liposomal free cholesterol was shown to promote non-specific interaction between liposome and cell membrane in section four of the dissertation it was hypothesized that the proportion of cholesterol on the cell membrane could impact liposome-cell membrane interaction. By exploiting the high and specific affinity of filipin, a fluorophore, to free cholesterol the proportion of free cholesterol in cell membrane was estimated by staining of GPMV. It was found that pre-treating the cells with liposomes containing different fractions of cholesterol altered the proportion of cholesterol on the cell membrane. Altered proportion of cholesterol on the cell membrane in turn modulated the interaction between cell membrane and fluorescent labeled liposomes. These results in sum suggest that a biophysical strategy to alter the interaction and uptake of nanomedicines by cancer cells through engineering of the cell membrane by liposomal treatment can provide a clear and more precise avenue for enhancing therapeutic efficacy of cancer therapeutics
Download or read book Nanoscience and Plant Soil Systems written by Mansour Ghorbanpour and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-14 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides in-depth reviews of the effects of nanoparticles on the soil environment, their interactions with plants and also their potential applications as nanofertilizers and pesticides. It offers insights into the current trends and future prospects of nanotechnology, including the benefits and risks and the impact on agriculture and soil ecosystems. Individual chapters explore topics such as nanoparticle biosynthesis, engineered nanomaterials, the use of nanoclays for remediation of polluted sites, nanomaterials in water desalination, their effect on seed germination, plant growth, and nutrient transformations in soil, as well as the use of earthworms as bioremediating agents for nanoparticles. It is a valuable resource for researchers in academia and industry working in the field of agriculture, crop protection, plant sciences, applied microbiology, soil biology and environmental sciences.
Download or read book In Vitro Transcription and Translation Protocols written by Martin J. Tymms and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-02 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most laboratories conducting studies that use molecular biology techniques employ in vitro transcription and translation systems as a routine part of their day-to-day research. The commercial availability of purified bacterial RNA polymerase and the availability of robust tra- lation systems has made in vitro systems attractive not only as an alt- native to the in vivo expression of genes, but also as good model systems for studying specific aspects of transcription and translation. Although fairly efficient eukaryotic translation systems have been established for a number of years, reconstitution of transcription in vitro has proved to be more difficult. Recent improvements in fractionation techniques and the cloning of proteins involved in transcription have made this a fast moving area of research. Considerable progress has also been made in recent years in developing in vitro systems to study transcription and translation in chloroplasts and mitochondria, together with systems for the study of protein import. In Vitro Transcription and Translation Protocols provides many detailed experimental procedures for prokaryotic transcription and translation systems, together with protocols for many key techniques used in the analysis of eukaryotic transcription. In keeping with the successful format of preceding volumes of the Methods in Molecular Biology series, step-by-step instructions are provided, together with extensive notes that cover troubleshooting and special tips considered important.
Download or read book Experimental Investigation of Cell Membrane Nano mechanics and Plasma Membrane cytoskeletal Interactions Using Optical Tweezers written by Nima Khatibzadeh and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Micro Raman Spectroscopy written by Jürgen Popp and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-02-10 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Micro-Raman Spectroscopy introduces readers to the theory and application of Raman microscopy. Raman microscopy is used to study the chemical signature of samples with little preperation in a non-destructive manner. An easy to use technique with ever increasing technological advances, Micro-Raman has significant application for researchers in the fields of materials science, medicine, pharmaceuticals, and chemistry.
Download or read book Cell Surface Engineering written by Rawil Fakhrullin and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2014-07-24 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A summary of the recent achievements in surface-functionalised cells including fabrication, characterisation, applications and nanotoxicity.
Download or read book Exocytosis and Endocytosis written by Andrei I. Ivanov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, skilled experts provide the most up-to-date, step-by-step laboratory protocols for examining molecular machinery and biological functions of exocytosis and endocytosis in vitro and in vivo. The book is insightful to both newcomers and seasoned professionals. It offers a unique and highly practical guide to versatile laboratory tools developed to study various aspects of intracellular vesicle trafficking in simple model systems and living organisms.
