Download or read book Interaction Between Water Supply and Demand in Two Collective Irrigation Schemes in Nort east Brazil From Analysis of Management Processes to Modeling and Decision Support written by E. De Nys and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past three decades, public irrigation schemes have been exposed to a process of management transfer from the central government and the funding agencies to local entities such as water users. associations and districts. However, this management transfer has been in many cases poorly implemented. Frequently reported problems are: inappropriate design; poorly specified management functions; ineffective accountability; unclear ownership of the collective infrastructure; and a lack of support services for achieving the transfer of management with success. In the Petrolina-Juazeiro region in the Northeast of Brazil, the CODEVASF (Company for the Development of the VaIleys of the São Francisco and the Pamaíba Rivers) has started to graduaIly transfer the management of public irrigation schemes to districts or local management entities. The districts are responsible for every day management, but they also need to make strategic decisions that affect the sustainability (technical, financial, socio-economic, environmental) of the irrigation schemes in the long run. This dissertation was set up in the irrigation projects of Mandacaru and Maniçoba, to analyse the scheme management by the main intemal stakeholders (scheme manager versus farmers), as weIl as to support them to solve problems and to plan ahead. The research focused on the interaction between the scheme manager's water supply and the farmers' water demand, since it is the central function inside the irrigation scheme. The water demand and the supply are analysed from a planning perspective, throughout the life cycle of the irrigation scheme, from the assumptions for its initial design to the operational reality at present. The analysis has shown that the scheme manager has been facing several difficulties to adjust his plan of water supply to the evolution of the water demand. The main reasons for these difficulties are: low margin of manoeuvre in the initial design of the water supply; the scheme manager's poor insight in the diversity of the farmers and their water demand, which is related to the district's lack of planning and monitoring of the parameters that affect water demand; and low capacity of the district to fund the cost of major adjustments without public financial support. A simulation model was developed to support the stakeholders' reflections on altemative plans of the water supply and demand. The modelling of the collective water supply is limited to its main infrastructure and organizational parameters. The coIlective water demand is modeI\ed by using a farm typology that gives a simplified representation of the diversity of the farms in the irrigation scheme, as well as their water demands. The main output of the model is the coverage of the water demand by the water supply at scheme levei. The aim of the modelling approach was to provide support to stakeholders so that they can simulate and evaluate prospective scenarios of the water demand and alternative plans of the water supply, for example the possibility to increase the water supply by organizing water delivery to farmers at night. During both the analysis of management processes and the modelling phase, a discussion group composed of district staff, farmers' representatives and technical assistance was involved. The feedback of the discussion group, as well as their questions and evolving demands, has shown the interest of the approach to support the stakeholders' learning process in irrigation management, and to link different functions of scheme management. Indeed, the debates within the discussion groups have gone far beyond the strict scope of the water flow between the district and the farmers, to tackle strategic issues at the individual and the collective levels. ln this respect, analyses and modelling approaches were also undertaken to support on-farm irrigation management in relation to the risk of soil salinization, and to support the choice of a water tariff system. Further analysis of the real contribution of this type of decision support methods in the stakeholders' learning process of irrigation management needs to be undertaken on other case studies, so as to evaluate their real interest and transferability to other specific situations of irrigation scheme management.

Download or read book Interaction Between Water Supply and Demand in Two Collective Irrigation Schemes in North east Brazil written by Erwin De Nys and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Interaction Between Water Supply and Demand in Two Collective Irrigation Schemes in Nort east Brazil written by Erwin de Nys and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Integrated Water Resource Management in Brazil written by Carsten Lorz and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2014-10-15 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The complex interactions between water resources, land-use change and water technologies are a major issue in many emerging countries of Southern America. Usable water resources are affected by natural conditions, such as, strong seasonal contrasts and high climatic variability, and rapid changes of land use and land cover that is caused by the dramatic expansion of agricultural land and urbanization processes. So far, the effects of the changing climate have had minor effects on water resources. Although regional data is rather scarce, global climate models predict substantial changes of climatic conditions in the future. A further pressure is that demand for water supply and waste water, both in terms of amount and spatial expansion, is increasing rapidly due to higher population densities caused by natural population growth and migration as well as higher per capita consumption. Integrated Water Resource Management in Brazil aims to present the results of the joint project IWAS-AGUA DF which deals with problems, causes and solutions in water supply in scope of integrated water resource management in western Central Brazil. The basic idea of the IWRM approach to be presented is to show how natural conditions and human interference are interacting and how technologies as well as concepts might help to manage such water resource systems in a sustainable way. Authors: Carsten Lorz, Hochschule Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, University of Applied Sciences, Germany, Franz Makeschin, Dresden University of Technology, Germany and Holger Weiss, Center for Environmental Research, Germany

Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Drought in Brazil written by Erwin De Nys and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-08-05 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drought is a slow-onset natural hazard that is often referred to as a creeping phenomenon. The challenge of monitoring drought’s onset and evolution, and identifying its termination or end is one that scientists, natural resource managers, and decision makers have been struggling with for decades. However, drought management must be aimed at reducing the risks of future drought events on economies, the environment, and the social fabric of regions. As with many countries, droughts are often managed as a crisis in Brazil, rather than events for which officials and communities proactively prepare. Although droughts are not new to Brazil, the recent spate of droughts in the poverty stricken semi-arid Northeast and the industrial hub of São Paulo in the Southeast has forced the country to think more seriously about finally changing its drought policies and management approaches. The book is told through the perspectives of the ministers and secretaries, state policy and technical officials, civil society organizations, and development practitioners that helped to facilitate the shift in paradigm in Brazil from crisis management and towards proactive management of droughts. It is written in a style that is appealing to both technical and non-technical audiences, and aims to provide a framework and lessons for other countries to consider when embarking upon similar efforts to improve their own drought policy and management systems.

Download or read book Water Pricing Experiences and Innovations written by Ariel Dinar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-06-03 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water pricing to achieve conservation in scarce water resources is a major policy challenge. This book provides credible evidence from water pricing experiences in various countries around the world. The book chapters, written by experts in water pricing from various countries, documents the past 10 to 15 years of water pricing experiences in Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, France, India, Israel, Italy, Mexico, The Netherlands, New Zealand, South Africa and Spain. The book includes also several chapters that review innovations in water pricing in various countries, such as new reform mechanisms, achieving social objectives via water pricing, achieving revenue recovery, water use efficiency and customer equity, and charging the poor.

Download or read book Coping with Water Scarcity written by Jean-Marc Faurès and published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report aims to provide a conceptual framework to address food security under conditions of water scarcity in agriculture. It has been prepared by a team of FAO staff and consultants in the framework of the project "Coping with water scarcity - the role of agriculture", and has been discussed at an Expert Consultation meeting organized in FAO, Rome, during the period 14-16 December 2009 on the same subject. It was subsequently edited and revised, taking account of discussions in the Expert Consultation and materials presented to the meeting. The purpose of the Expert Consultation was to assist FAO to better design its water scarcity programme. In particular, the experts were requested to provide recommendations on the range of technical and policy options and associated principles that FAO should promote as part of an agricultural response to water scarcity in member countries. The document offers views on the conceptual framework on which FAO's water scarcity programme should be based, proposes a set of definitions associated with the concept of water scarcity, and indicates the main principles on which FAO should base its action in support to its member countries. At the meeting, experts were requested to review the draft document and provide feedback and recommendations for its finalization. Issues that were addressed in discussions included: 3⁄4 Water scarcity: agreement on key definitions. 3⁄4 The conceptualisation of water scarcity in ways that are meaningful for policy development and decision-making. 3⁄4 The quantification of water scarcity. . 3⁄4 Policy and technical response options available to ensure food security in conditions of water scarcity. . 3⁄4 Criteria and principles that should be used to establish priorities for action in response to water scarcity in agriculture and ensure effective and efficient water scarcity coping strategies.

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluation of Producers Irrigation Strategies and Impact on the Environment written by K. Vandersypen and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Drought Irrigatn Nth East Bzl written by Hall and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1978-05-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 1344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists written by and published by . This book was released on 1972-09 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is the premier public resource on scientific and technological developments that impact global security. Founded by Manhattan Project Scientists, the Bulletin's iconic "Doomsday Clock" stimulates solutions for a safer world.

Download or read book Safe Use of Wastewater in Agriculture written by Hiroshan Hettiarachchi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-09 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a broad and global level description of the current status of wastewater use in agriculture and then brings the readers to various places in the MENA Region and Europe to explain how some countries and regions have addressed the challenges during implementation. On a global scale, over 20 million hectares of agricultural land are irrigated using wastewater. This is one good, and perhaps the most prominent, example of the safe use potential of wastewater. Water scarcity and the cost of energy and fertilisers are among the main factors driving millions of farmers and other entrepreneurs to make use of wastewater. In order to address the technical, institutional, and policy challenges of safe water reuse, developing countries and countries in transition need clear institutional arrangements and more skilled human resources, with a sound understanding of the opportunities and potential risks of wastewater use. Stakeholders in wastewater irrigation who need to implement from scratch or improve current conditions, find it difficult to gather the necessary information on practical implementation aspects. The main objective of this book is to bridge that gap.

Download or read book Tools For Strategic Decision Making On Water Resources Management Under Climate Variability And Drought Conditions On The Caatinga s Biome Of Northeast Brazil written by Sandra Regina Afonso and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drought impacts in Northeast Brazil, which tend to intensify due to climate change and overexploitation of the caatinga biome, have repeatedly brought famine, mass migration and social conflicts in this region. Drought prediction and monitoring, however, remain a central research theme. In water resources management in semiarid regions such as the Northeast of Brazil, it is fundamental to have tools to aid decision making. This work presents three components of the so-called SIGES (Drought Management System), the items related to drought prediction and monitoring, as well as many reservoir operation methodologies for water scarcity situations. Statistical models and artificial neural networks were used for drought prediction. In order to perform precipitation monitoring, several indexes were adapted and incorporated into a drought basic characteristic monitoring system (duration, severity and intensity), so that different mitigating actions could be implemented in accordance with the values reached by these parameters. The following indexes have been used for this purpose: Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI); Bhalme & Mooley Drought Index (BMDI); Lamb Rainfall Departure Index (LRDI). Finally, new adaptive reservoir operation strategies for water scarcity situations are presented and discussed. The described components were applied to all federal States of Northeast of Brazil.

Download or read book The State of the World s Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The State of the World's Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture is FAO's first flagship publication on the global status of land and water resources. It is an 'advocacy' report, to be published every three to five years, and targeted at senior level decision makers in agriculture as well as in other sectors. SOLAW is aimed at sensitizing its target audience on the status of land resources at global and regional levels and FAO's viewpoint on appropriate recommendations for policy formulation. SOLAW focuses on these key dimensions of analysis: (i) quantity, quality of land and water resources, (ii) the rate of use and sustainable management of these resources in the context of relevant socio-economic driving factors and concerns, including food security and poverty, and climate change. This is the first time that a global, baseline status report on land and water resources has been made. It is based on several global spatial databases (e.g. land suitability for agriculture, land use and management, land and water degradation and depletion) for which FAO is the world-recognized data source. Topical and emerging issues on land and water are dealt with in an integrated rather than sectoral manner. The implications of the status and trends are used to advocate remedial interventions which are tailored to major farming systems within different geographic regions.