Download or read book Intention Vs Intervention written by Bethany A. McKnight and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sexual assault rates on college campuses have remained relatively unchanged in the last several decades. The creation of sexual assault prevention and bystander intervention programs was warranted in an attempt to reduce sexual assault prevalence and foster a safer campus environment for all. Most bystander intervention programs are evaluated for efficacy through the use of self-report measures (Katz & Moore, 2013). The present study utilized not only self-report measures, but also evaluated student behaviors in a novel online format. A total of three vignettes were created depicting sexual harassment scenarios of various severity (i.e., low, high, and neutral). Participants completed self-report measures before the implementation of the BODstander program and after the behavioral evaluation post-training. Participants were randomly assigned to receive a sexual harassment vignette told to be from “another participant” in the study. Student behaviors were evaluated using two independent coders using definitions of reactive bystander strategies taught in the BODstander program. Some results were inconsistent with the current literature and hypotheses, where student self-efficacy and intention to engage in proactive bystander opportunities decreased at post-test while remaining intention to intervene scores were unchanged at post-test; however, self-reported bystander behaviors appeared to increase at post-test. In addition, participants who engaged in BODstander programming intervened more often when presented both high and low severity harassment scenarios. Results can be used to further evaluate the effectiveness of the BODstander program in its current form, argue effectiveness in eliciting increased intervention behaviors post-training, and inform potential improvement to the program itself.

Download or read book The Purpose of Intervention written by Martha Finnemore and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-15 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Violence or the potential for violence is a fact of human existence. Many societies, including our own, reward martial success or skill at arms. The ways in which members of a particular society use force reveal a great deal about the nature of authority within the group and about its members' priorities. Martha Finnemore uses one type of force, military intervention, as a window onto the shifting character of international society. She examines the changes, over the past 400 years, in why countries intervene militarily as well as in the ways they have intervened. It is not the fact of intervention that has altered, she says, but rather the reasons for and meaning behind intervention—the conventional understanding of the purposes for which states can and should use force. Finnemore looks at three types of intervention: collecting debts, addressing humanitarian crises, and acting against states perceived as threats to international peace. In all three, she finds that what is now considered "obvious" was vigorously contested or even rejected by people in earlier periods for well-articulated and logical reasons. A broad historical perspective allows her to explicate long-term trends: the steady erosion of force's normative value in international politics, the growing influence of equality norms in many aspects of global political life, and the increasing importance of law in intervention practices.

Download or read book The Handbook of Behavior Change written by Martin S. Hagger and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-07-15 with total page 730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social problems in many domains, including health, education, social relationships, and the workplace, have their origins in human behavior. The documented links between behavior and social problems have compelled governments and organizations to prioritize and mobilize efforts to develop effective, evidence-based means to promote adaptive behavior change. In recognition of this impetus, The Handbook of Behavior Change provides comprehensive coverage of contemporary theory, research, and practice on behavior change. It summarizes current evidence-based approaches to behavior change in chapters authored by leading theorists, researchers, and practitioners from multiple disciplines, including psychology, sociology, behavioral science, economics, philosophy, and implementation science. It is the go-to resource for researchers, students, practitioners, and policy makers looking for current knowledge on behavior change and guidance on how to develop effective interventions to change behavior.

Download or read book Action Control written by Julius Kuhl and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-01-25 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "It is not thought as such that can move anything, but thought which is for the sake of something and is practical." This discerning insight, which dates back more than 2000years to Aristotle, seems to have been ignored by most psycholo gists. For more than 40years theories of human action have assumed that cogni tion and action are merely two sides of the same coin. Approaches as different as S-O-R behaviorism,social learning theory, consistency theories,and expectancy value theories of motivation and decision making have one thing in common: they all assume that "thought (or any other type of cognition) can move any thing," that there is a direct path from cognition to behavior. In recent years, we have become more and more aware of the complexities in volved in the relationship between cognition and behavior. People do not always do what they intend to do. Aside from several nonpsychological factors capable of reducing cognition-behavior consistency, there seems to be a set of complex psychological mechanisms which intervene between action-related cognitions, such as beliefs, expectancies, values, and intentions,and the enactment of the be havior suggested by those cognitions. In our recent research we have focused on volitional mechanismus which presumably enhance cognition-behavior consistency by supporting the main tenance of activated intentions and prevent them from being pushed aside by competing action tendencies.

Download or read book Suicide through a Peacebuilding Lens written by Katerina Standish and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-24 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, as the first exploration of suicide in Peace and Conflict Studies (PACS), illustrates the scarcity of suicide research in the discipline and argues that the leading cause of violent death worldwide is a multifaceted phenomenon that needs to be fully comprehended as a significant and often preventable form of world-wide violence. The author supplies a theoretical framework for assessing suicide as medical or instrumental, posits interdisciplinary complementarity and offers future lines of inquiry that challenge established notions of prevention. The book presents a PACS meta-theory termed ‘encounter theory’ and supplies a suicidal peacebuilding platform via relationship. This book questions why more PACS scholars aren’t turning their attention to suicide when more people die by suicide than ethnic, religious or ‘terroristic’ violence combined.

Download or read book Motivations for Humanitarian intervention written by Andreas Krieg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-03 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Brief sheds light on the motivation of humanitarian intervention from a theoretical and empirical point of view. An in-depth analysis of the theoretical arguments surrounding the issue of a legitimate motivation for humanitarian intervention demonstrate to what extent either altruism or national/self-interests are considered a righteous stimulus. The question about what constitutes a just intervention has been at the core of debates in Just War Theory for centuries. In particular in regards to humanitarian intervention it is oftentimes difficult to define the criteria for a righteous intervention. More than in conventional military interventions, the motivation and intention behind humanitarian intervention is a crucial factor. Whether the humanitarian intervention cases of the post-Cold War era were driven by altruistic or by self-interested considerations is a question is covered within and enables a comprehensive and holistic evaluation of the question of what motivates Western democracies to intervene or to abstain from intervention in humanitarian crises. ​

Download or read book Determinants of ecstasy use and harm reduction strategies Informing evidence based intervention development written by Gjalt-Jorn Peters and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2008-10-24 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This PhD. thesis reports eight studies into the determinants of ecstasy use behaviours. Although all prior quantitative studies into ecstasy use determinants have examined the generic behavioural category 'using ecstasy', these studies may not be able to inform the development of interventions aiming to prevent ecstasy use or to promote cessation. The studies reported in this thesis indicate that the key determinants of 'using ecstasy' are not also the key determinants of 'trying out ecstasy' and 'ceasing ecstasy use'. Furthermore, ecstasy use cessation usually seems to be prompted by life style changes (e.g. job/work, relationships, losing interest in the dance scene), rather than by fear of ecstasy's health effects. This means that health promotion efforts would do better to adopt a harm reduction approach, rather than to focus on abstinence. The current thesis reports the studies on which these conclusions are based, and the first study into the determinants of a harm reduction strategy.

Download or read book The Effects of Exposure to Consequences of Bystander Intervention on Intentions to Intervene in Intimate Partner Violence Situations written by Nicole Ola Cameron and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Widespread acts of violence within romantic relationships have created a worldwide public health epidemic, with approximately one in three women reporting having experienced either physical or sexual violence by their partners in their lifetime. College students also report experiencing high rates of intimate partner violence on college campuses. Previous studies suggest that bystander intervention is extremely effective at reducing campus violence as it promotes a community response to violence. However, ways to increase bystander intervention is needed. Entertainment-education (EE) is one strategy that could prove useful. Despite its proven effectiveness to promote attitude and behavior change, it is unclear how one important mechanism of EE works. EE programs use rewards and punishment of prosocial attitudes and behaviors to increase motivation to adopt those behaviors. However, research is yet to examine the effects on viewers' intentions to intervene in situations of intimate partner violence.

Download or read book Evaluating Clinical and Public Health Interventions written by Mitchell H. Katz and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-04-29 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether you are evaluating the effectiveness of a drug, a medical device, a behavioral intervention, a community mobilization, or even a new law, this is the book for you. Written in plain language, it simplifies the process of designing interventions, analyzing the data, and publishing the results. Because the choice of research design depends on the nature of the intervention, the book covers randomized and nonrandomized designs, prospective and retrospective studies, planned clinical trials and observational studies. In addition to reviewing standard statistical analysis, the book has easy-to-follow explanations of cutting edge techniques for evaluating interventions, including propensity score analysis, instrumental variable analysis, interrupted time series analysis and sensitivity analysis. All techniques are illustrated with up-to-date examples from medical and public health literature. This will be essential reading for a wide range of healthcare professionals involved in research as well as those more specifically interested in public health issues and epidemiology.

Download or read book Planning Health Promotion Programs written by L. Kay Bartholomew Eldredge and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-01-25 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thoroughly revised and updated third edition of Planning Health Promotion Programs provides a powerful, practical resource for the planning and development of health education and health promotion programs. At the heart of the book is a streamlined presentation of Intervention Mapping, a useful tool for the planning and development of effective programs. The steps and tasks of Intervention Mapping offer a framework for making and documenting decisions for influencing change in behavior and environmental conditions to promote health and to prevent or improve a health problem. Planning Health Promotion Programs gives health education and promotion professionals and researchers information on the latest advances in the field, updated examples and explanations, and new illustrative case studies. In addition, the book has been redesigned to be more teachable, practical, and practitioner-friendly.

Download or read book Field Trials of Health Interventions written by Peter G. Smith and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Before new interventions are released into disease control programmes, it is essential that they are carefully evaluated in field trials'. These may be complex and expensive undertakings, requiring the follow-up of hundreds, or thousands, of individuals, often for long periods. Descriptions of the detailed procedures and methods used in the trials that have been conducted have rarely been published. A consequence of this, individuals planning such trials have few guidelines available and little access to knowledge accumulated previously, other than their own. In this manual, practical issues in trial design and conduct are discussed fully and in sufficient detail, that Field Trials of Health Interventions may be used as a toolbox' by field investigators. It has been compiled by an international group of over 30 authors with direct experience in the design, conduct, and analysis of field trials in low and middle income countries and is based on their accumulated knowledge and experience. Available as an open access book via Oxford Medicine Online, this new edition is a comprehensive revision, incorporating the new developments that have taken place in recent years with respect to trials, including seven new chapters on subjects ranging from trial governance, and preliminary studies to pilot testing.

Download or read book Wellbeing A Complete Reference Guide Interventions and Policies to Enhance Wellbeing written by Felicia A. Huppert and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-03-17 with total page 709 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interventions and Policies to Enhance Wellbeing Wellbeing: A Complete Reference Guide is the first multivolume, interdisciplinary exploration of the topic of wellbeing. The notion of wellbeing has grown in importance and prominence across the globe in recent years and this reference work provides an in-depth examination of the characteristics that enable individuals and organizations to thrive and flourish. Under the direction of noted academic Cary Cooper, and edited by a distinguished group of senior scholars from a variety of disciplines, this project looks at wellbeing from multiple perspectives, including children and families; the environment; the workplace; later life; economics; and interventions and public policy. Spanning the social sciences and encompassing the latest research, this is an essential reference for scholars, students, professionals, and policy makers who want to enhance and promote human wellbeing. Interventions and Policies to Enhance Wellbeing looks at the most successful existing strategies to promote wellbeing and mental health. It examines the latest research in the science of wellbeing and discusses the practical implications for improved learning, creativity, productivity, relationships, and health. The first two sections cover interventions for individuals across the lifespan, as well as those for organizations and communities. The final section looks specifically at policy initiatives and approaches, with a focus on the integration of new technology and the role of the media. In this multidisciplinary volume, a cadre of global scholars considers a wealth of new research and outlines the potential impact on future policy and the wellbeing of society at large. Online edition available on Wiley Online Library at www.referencewellbeing.com

Download or read book Assessment and Intervention for Executive Function Difficulties written by George McCloskey and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2008-12-05 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Assessment and Intervention for Executive Function Difficulties, McCloskey, Perkins, and Diviner provide a unique blend of theory, research, and practice that offers clinicians an overarching framework for the concept of executive functions (EFs) in educational settings. The conceptual model of executive functions is detailed, including their role in behavior, learning, and production across all settings. The heart of the book focus on the practical issues involved in the use of assessment tools, tests, report writing, and the implementation and follow-up of targeted interventions using the EF model. Six case studies are introduced in Chapter 1 and followed throughout the book, building understanding of the executive function difficulties of each child, assessment for identifying the difficulties, and interventions for dealing with the difficulties. An additional case study is discussed in detail in one of the concluding chapters, and a companion CD will provide the practitioner with a wealth of assessment forms, parent and teacher handouts, behavior tracking charts, and report/documentation forms.

Download or read book Interventions in Structural Valvular and Congenital Heart Disease written by Horst Sievert and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-02-10 with total page 1051 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At one time, many children born with congenital heart disease (CHD) suffered from issues that carried fatal prognoses. But that's changing, thanks to technological advances. Interventions in Structural, Valvular, and Congenital Heart Disease, Second Edition guides you throught the interventional treatment of congenital, valvular, and stru

Download or read book Organizational Interventions for Health and Well being written by Karina Nielsen and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2018-06-14 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important new collection provides not only a comprehensive overview of how organizational interventions can improve health and well-being in the workplace - addressing its causes rather than the symptoms - but also the practical issues faced in their design, implementation and evaluation. Drawing on a range of case studies and empirical investigations, it is the first book to seriously examine each element of the intervention process, and to recognize the individual, group, leader and organizational factors that researchers should consider. The authors describe the various challenges to such collaborative processes, as well as the specific methods and tools that can be used in response. Each chapter offers practical, evidence-based guidance. Featuring a final section examining new directions and approaches in organizational intervention research, the book features contributions from some of the leading international researchers in the field. It will be essential reading for any researcher or practitioner interested in the practical issues involved in improving the organization, design and management of the contemporary workplace.

Download or read book Law Reports Under the Superintendence and Control of the Incorporated Council of Law Reporting for England and Wales Supreme Court of Judicature Cases Determined in the Chancery Division and in Bankruptcy and Lunacy and on Appeal Therefrom in the Court of Appeal written by and published by . This book was released on 1917 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Community Interventions and AIDS written by Edison J. Trickett and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-09-01 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As news headlines report staggering numbers of people infected with HIV or AIDS across the globe and as stereotypes of typical AIDS patients become less and less specific to particular sexual orientations and ethnic backgrounds, the AIDS pandemic shows little sign of relenting. AIDS crosses geopolitical and social barriers, and social and behavioral scientists are confronted with the new challenge of developing scientific inquiry and corresponding interventions around participatory, community-based, and community-focused methods. These interventions are increasingly targeting the contextual influences on individual behavior, such as peer groups, social networks and support systems, and community norms. Community-level interventions also draw on local resources and are respectful of sociocultural circumstances and traditions. This book articulates how the social and behavioral sciences can respond to HIV/AIDS. It is written for all who have a stake in AIDS research, stimulating discussion and debate about the natures of community research and intervention broadly across such disciplines as public health, community health education, urban planning, psychology, sociology, anthropology, and philosophy of science. The book proposes alternative perspectives on means of ascertaining knowledge about the HIV/AIDS pandemic and the inclusion of community collaboration in interventions.