Download or read book Intelligent Control System Design for Energy Conservation in Commercial Buildings written by Hao Huang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis focuses on the development of model predictive control (MPC) strategies for reducing energy consumption in air-conditioned buildings. It is well known that the building sector is responsible for 40 per cent of the world's energy usage and 33 per cent of all greenhouse emissions. As a result of global environmental issues and decreasing energy resources, there is strong motivation to develop more efficient control strategies for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems in buildings. The existing HVAC control strategies are not energy or cost efficient, which results in energy waste, high on-peak electricity demand and poor thermal comfort in buildings. Previous works have shown that MPC can be utilised as a supervisory controller to achieve energy saving while maintaining the indoor thermal comfort in buildings. However, most of the past studies were focused on small residential buildings or mid-size commercial buildings. It is highly desired to improve the existing MPC strategies to make them more reliable and applicable for large commercial buildings. This thesis extends the previous works by addressing the following challenges when dealing with the large buildings. Firstly, HVAC plants and the thermal dynamics of buildings are inherently nonlinear. Accurate modelling of these components is difficult due to the limited number of sensors that are usually installed and the paucity of prior knowledge of the system. There is a need to develop models that are capable of effectively handling the nonlinearity to achieve better modelling accuracy. Secondly, in large commercial buildings with adjacent large open spaces, the effects of thermal coupling between differently controlled spaces play a crucial role. This significance of the interaction between zones has seldom been discussed before and requires more thorough investigation. Thirdly, although load shifting function of MPC have been proven to be effective in achieving cost savings in buildings with a considerable thermal mass, it is demanding to investigate the application value of these strategies in lightweight commercial buildings. Finally, given the presence of uncertainties, these models may not be able to predict the indoor temperature accurately, which may lead to poor control performance and even instability in operation of the MPC strategy. The existing robust control approaches are generally too conservative, and may not be suitable for use in real-world buildings. In this study, the advantages of neural networks (NNs) will be exploited to address the challenges outlined above. NNs are known as universal approximators, meaning that they can model any continuous functions with any desired degree of accuracy. In particular, the NNs will be used to conduct modelling work, generate control rule, and improve the performance of classical MPC. The major contributions of this thesis are presented in four chapters, with each based on an individual scientific paper. Paper-1 presents a systematic modelling method for air handling units (AHUs) and thermal zone using a recursive NN (RNN). As the major novelty, a cascade NN structure is developed, which enables the thermal dynamics modelling of both interior zones and perimeter zones within investigated building. This approach allows accurate prediction of both supply air temperature and zone temperature prediction, making it suitable for predictive control design. Continuing with the first paper, Paper-2 introduces a multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) model, which effectively models the convective heat exchange between open spaces within multi-zone commercial buildings. The proposed model allows closed-loop prediction for several adjacent zones simultaneously by considering their thermal interaction. A NN-based optimal start-stop control method is also developed in this paper to demonstrate the energy saving potential enabled by using the proposed predictive model. The NN models provide accurate prediction results, but they are in general difficult to optimise under an MPC framework. Paper-3 presents a hybrid MPC (HMPC), which combines the classic MPC with an inverse NN model. With the HMPC, the classical MPC based on linearised building model optimises the supplied cooling energy. The inverse NN model compensates the nonlinearity associated with the AHU process and generates more accurate control inputs. Simulations and experiments demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method in achieving energy and cost reductions while maintaining good indoor thermal comfort in the investigated large commercial building. The MPC formulation in Paper-3 does not take the system uncertainty into account. In reality, however, the modelled building energy systems are always affected by uncertainties, so that the modelling errors become inevitable which cause control performance degradation to the MPC. Paper-4 considers the application of a robust MPC (RMPC) to handle the system uncertainty within buildings. In particular, an uncertainty estimator is developed based on the previously presented RNN model to provide uncertainty bound to the conventional closed-loop min-max RMPC. The newly developed bound estimator reduces the conservatism of the RMPC and achieves improved control performance. In conclusion, the research work presented in this thesis has made important contributions to the research of intelligent model predictive control for air-conditioning systems in commercial buildings. The methodologies developed in this thesis can be utilised for other buildings or for the control of other dynamic systems.

Download or read book Intelligent Building Control Systems written by John T. Wen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-04 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Readers of this book will be shown how, with the adoption of ubiquituous sensing, extensive data-gathering and forecasting, and building-embedded advanced actuation, intelligent building systems with the ability to respond to occupant preferences in a safe and energy-efficient manner are becoming a reality. The articles collected present a holistic perspective on the state of the art and current research directions in building automation, advanced sensing and control, including: model-based and model-free control design for temperature control; smart lighting systems; smart sensors and actuators (such as smart thermostats, lighting fixtures and HVAC equipment with embedded intelligence); and energy management, including consideration of grid connectivity and distributed intelligence. These articles are both educational for practitioners and graduate students interested in design and implementation, and foundational for researchers interested in understanding the state of the art and the challenges that must be overcome in realizing the potential benefits of smart building systems. This edited volume also includes case studies from implementation of these algorithms/sensing strategies in to-scale building systems. These demonstrate the benefits and pitfalls of using smart sensing and control for enhanced occupant comfort and energy efficiency.

Download or read book Intelligent Control in Energy Systems written by Anastasios Dounis and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-08-26 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The editors of this Special Issue titled “Intelligent Control in Energy Systems” have attempted to create a book containing original technical articles addressing various elements of intelligent control in energy systems. In response to our call for papers, we received 60 submissions. Of those submissions, 27 were published and 33 were rejected. In this book, we offer the 27 accepted technical articles as well as one editorial. Authors from 15 countries (China, Netherlands, Spain, Tunisia, United Sates of America, Korea, Brazil, Egypt, Denmark, Indonesia, Oman, Canada, Algeria, Mexico, and the Czech Republic) elaborate on several aspects of intelligent control in energy systems. The book covers a broad range of topics including fuzzy PID in automotive fuel cell and MPPT tracking, neural networks for fuel cell control and dynamic optimization of energy management, adaptive control on power systems, hierarchical Petri Nets in microgrid management, model predictive control for electric vehicle battery and frequency regulation in HVAC systems, deep learning for power consumption forecasting, decision trees for wind systems, risk analysis for demand side management, finite state automata for HVAC control, robust μ-synthesis for microgrids, and neuro-fuzzy systems in energy storage.

Download or read book Smart Energy Control Systems for Sustainable Buildings written by John Littlewood and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-26 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is widespread interest in the way that smart energy control systems, such as assessment and monitoring techniques for low carbon, nearly-zero energy and net positive buildings can contribute to a Sustainable future, for current and future generations. There is a turning point on the horizon for the supply of energy from finite resources such as natural gas and oil become less reliable in economic terms and extraction become more challenging, and more unacceptable socially, such as adverse public reaction to ‘fracking’. Thus, in 2016 these challenges are having a major influence on the design, optimisation, performance measurements, operation and preservation of: buildings, neighbourhoods, cities, regions, countries and continents. The source and nature of energy, the security of supply and the equity of distribution, the environmental impact of its supply and utilization, are all crucial matters to be addressed by suppliers, consumers, governments, industry, academia, and financial institutions. This book entitled ‘Smart Energy Control Systems for Sustainable Buildings’ contains eleven chapters written by international experts based on enhanced conference papers presented at the Sustainability and Energy in Buildings International conference series. This book will be of interest to University staff and students; and also industry practioners.

Download or read book Automation Control and Energy Efficiency in Complex Systems written by Hamid Khayyam and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-22 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is aimed at serving researchers, engineers, scientists, and engineering graduate and PhD students of engineering and physical science together with individuals interested in engineering and science. This book focuses on the application of engineering methods to complex systems including transportation, building, and manufacturing, with approaches representing a wide variety of disciplines of engineering and science. Throughout the book, great emphases are placed on engineering applications of complex systems, as well as the methodologies of automation, including artificial intelligence, automated and intelligent control, energy analysis, energy modelling, energy management, and optimised energy efficiency. The significant impact of recent studies that have been selected for presentation are of high interest in engineering complex systems. An attempt has been made to expose the reading audience of engineers and researchers to a broad range of theoretical and practical topics. The topics contained in the present book are of specific interest to engineers who are seeking expertise in transportation, building, and manufacturing technologies as well as mathematical modelling of complex systems, engineering approaches to engineering complex problems, automation via artificial intelligence methods, automated and intelligent control, and energy systems. The primary audience of this book are researchers, graduate students, and engineers in mechanical engineering, control engineering, computer engineering, electrical engineering, and science disciplines. In particular, the book can be used for training graduate and PhD students as well as senior undergraduate students to enhance their knowledge by taking a graduate or advanced undergraduate course in the areas of complex systems, control systems, energy systems, and engineering applications. The covered research topics are also of interest to engineers and academia who are seeking to expand their expertise in these areas.

Download or read book Web Based Enterprise Energy and Building Automation Systems written by Barney L. Capehart and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-12-18 with total page 563 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The capability and use of IT and web based energy information and control systems has expanded from single facilities to multiple facilities and organizations with buildings located throughout the world. This book answers the question of how to take the mass of available data and extract from it simple and useful information which can determine what actions to take to improve efficiency and productivity of commercial, institutional and industrial facilities. The book also provides insight into the areas of advanced applications for web based EIS and ECS systems, and the integration of IT/web based information and control systems with existing BAS systems.

Download or read book Intelligent Building Agents Laboratory written by Amanda J. Pertzborn and published by . This book was released on with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Achieving national goals of net zero energy buildings requires substantial reduction in the energy consumption of commercial building systems. In 2015, commercial buildings consumed 18 % of the total energy consumed in the U.S. [1]. Although significant progress has been made in the integration of building control systems through the development of standard communication protocols, such as BACnet and BACnet/IP, little progress has been made in making them intelligent about optimizing building system-level performance. The purpose of this project is to demonstrate the potential for distributed, intelligent software agents to perform this optimization and to develop a research infrastructure suitable for development and testing of advanced agent-based optimization techniques that can improve the energy and comfort performance of building systems. Towards that goal, the Intelligent Building Agents Laboratory (IBAL) has been constructed to act as a testbed for these intelligent control algorithms. This note describes the design of a portion of that facility.

Download or read book Intelligent Buildings and Building Automation written by Shengwei Wang and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-12-04 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Giving you a combination of general principles, applied practice and information on the state-of-the-art, this book will give you the information you need to incorporate the latest systems and technologies into your building projects. It focuses on a number of important issues, such as: Network communication protocols and standards, including the application of the internet. The integration and interfacing of building automation subsystems and multiple building systems. Local and supervisory control strategies for typical building services systems. The automation system configuration and technologies for air-conditioning control, lighting system control, security and access control, and fire safety control. Whether you’re a project manager or engineer planning the systems set-up for a high value building, or a building engineering or management student looking for a practical guide to automation and intelligent systems, this book provides a valuable introduction and overview.

Download or read book HVAC Energy Saving written by Charles Nehme and published by Charles Nehme. This book was released on with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Welcome to this book on HVAC energy saving! In our rapidly changing world, where the demand for energy is continuously increasing, finding ways to conserve energy has become essential. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are significant contributors to energy consumption in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. Therefore, optimizing their performance and implementing energy-saving strategies is crucial for reducing our environmental impact and achieving sustainability goals. This book aims to provide valuable insights into HVAC energy saving techniques, technologies, and best practices. Whether you are an HVAC professional, building owner, facility manager, or simply someone interested in conserving energy, this book will serve as a comprehensive resource to help you understand the importance of energy efficiency in HVAC systems and guide you towards effective solutions. In the following chapters, we will explore various aspects of HVAC energy saving, starting with an overview of HVAC systems and their impact on energy consumption. We will delve into the principles of energy efficiency, discussing key factors such as system design, equipment selection, and maintenance practices that can significantly influence energy usage. Furthermore, this book will address emerging technologies and innovative approaches for optimizing HVAC systems. From smart thermostats and advanced controls to renewable energy integration and building automation, we will explore cutting-edge solutions that can maximize energy efficiency and reduce operational costs. Apart from technical aspects, we will also discuss behavioral and operational strategies that can foster energy-saving habits among building occupants. By understanding human behavior and implementing effective energy management practices, we can achieve substantial energy savings without compromising comfort and productivity. Throughout this book, you will find practical examples, case studies, and real-world scenarios that illustrate the benefits and challenges associated with HVAC energy saving. Additionally, we will provide practical tips, checklists, and guidelines to help you implement energy-saving measures in your own HVAC systems or projects. It is our hope that this book will empower you to take proactive steps towards conserving energy in the HVAC domain. By adopting energy-efficient practices, we can mitigate climate change, reduce our carbon footprint, and create a sustainable future for generations to come. Thank you for embarking on this journey to explore HVAC energy saving with us. Let's work together to make a positive difference in the way we consume energy and contribute to a greener, more sustainable world. Charles Nehme

Download or read book Energy Conservation in Residential Commercial and Industrial Facilities written by Hossam A. Gabbar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-07-24 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An authoritative and comprehensive guide to managing energy conservation in infrastructures Energy Conservation in Residential, Commercial, and Industrial Facilities offers an essential guide to the business models and engineering design frameworks for the implementation of energy conservation in infrastructures. The presented models of both physical and technological systems can be applied to a wide range of structures such as homes, hotels, public facilities, industrial facilities, transportation, and water/energy supply systems. The authors—noted experts in the field—explore the key performance indicators that are used to evaluate energy conservation strategies and the energy supply scenarios as part of the design and operation of energy systems in infrastructures. The text is based on a systems approach that demonstrates the effective management of building energy knowledge and supports the simulation, evaluation, and optimization of several building energy conservation scenarios. In addition, the authors explore new methods of developing energy semantic network (ESN) superstructures, energy conservation optimization techniques, and risk-based life cycle assessments. This important text: Defines the most effective ways to model the infrastructure of physical and technological systems Includes information on the most widely used techniques in the validation and calibration of building energy simulation Offers a discussion of the sources, quantification, and reduction of uncertainty Presents a number of efficient energy conservation strategies in infrastructure systems, including HVAC, lighting, appliances, transportation, and industrial facilities Describes illustrative case studies to demonstrate the proposed energy conservation framework, practices, methods, engineering designs, control, and technologies Written for students studying energy conservation as well as engineers designing the next generation of buildings, Energy Conservation in Residential, Commercial, and Industrial Facilities offers a wide-ranging guide to the effective management of energy conservation in infrastructures.

Download or read book Active Building Energy Systems written by Vahid Vahidinasab and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-06 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive study on state-of-the-art developments in the control, operation, and market participation of active buildings (ABs). Active buildings can support the broader energy system by intelligent integration of renewable-based energy technologies for heating, cooling, electricity, and transport. This important reference analyzes the key features of modern control and operation techniques applied to these systems. Contributions from an international team of experts present practical methods with evidence and case studies from applications to real-world or simulated active buildings. Sample computer codes and analytical examples aid in the understanding of the presented methods. The book will support researchers working on the control and operation of buildings as an energy system, smart cities and smart grids, and microgrids, as well as researchers and developers from the building and energy engineering, economic, and operation research fields. Provides an in-depth review of building-level energy systems technologies; Covers codes, standards, and requirements for active building control systems; Includes sample computer code and analytical examples.

Download or read book Intelligent Buildings written by Derek Clements-Croome and published by Thomas Telford. This book was released on 2004 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intelligent buildings provide stimulating environments for people to work and live in. This book brings together a body of the latest knowledge about design, management, technology and sustainability set against the background of developments in the cultural landscapes, which affect those living and working in buildings.

Download or read book Online Adaptive and Intelligent Control Strategies for Multizone VAV Systems written by Guang Qu and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly one half of the total energy used in buildings is consumed by HVAC systems. With escalating cost of energy, several energy efficiency strategies have been implemented in buildings. Among these, the use of VAV systems, and improved method of controlling such systems have received greater attention. This thesis is devoted to design and development of online adaptive control strategies which will be augmented with optimal and intelligent-control algorithms. The considered VAV system consists of zone air temperature control, discharge air temperature control, water temperature control and air pressure control loops. Online adaptive control strategies are developed for these control loops. In order to design reliable online controls a robust RLS identification algorithm for estimating the parameters of the modeled processes is developed. It is shown that this algorithm avoids wrong estimation and requires fewer variables compared with classical RLS techniques. Three different online control strategies were designed. These are: a robust optimal control algorithm (ROCA), a simplified optimal adaptive control (SOAC) for FOPDT systems, and a two-loop adaptive control strategy which improves both temperature and airflow regulations in VAV systems. ROCA is an on-line optimal proportional-integral plus feedforward controller tuning algorithm for SISO thermal processes in HVAC systems. It was optimized by combining the H ∞ based PI tuning It is shown that the two-loop adaptive control strategy has both stronger robustness to time-varying thermal loads and lower sensitivity to airflow rate changes into other zones. The developed control strategies were tested by simulation and experiments in a VAV laboratory test facility which uses existing energy management control systems used in commercial buildings. Also, an adaptive neural network controller is developed. The proposed controller was constructed by augmenting the PID control structure with a neural network control algorithm and an adaptive balance parameter. Simulation results show that the proposed controller has stronger robustness, improved regulation and tracking functions for FOPDT type plants compared to classical PID controllers. Experiments were conducted to verify the characteristics of the developed controller on the DAS in a two-zone VAV test facility. Applications of the developed control strategies to different control loops in VAV system were demonstrated by conducting several experimental tests under realistic operating conditions.

Download or read book Energy Efficient Electrical Systems for Buildings written by Moncef Krarti and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-03-03 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy-Efficient Electrical Systems for Buildings offers a systematic and practical analysis and design approaches for electrical distribution and utilization systems in buildings. In addition to meeting the minimal safety requirements set by the National Electrical Code (NEC), the design approach consider the life-cycle cost analysis of designing energy efficient electrical distribution systems as well as integrating renewable energy technologies into both residential and commercial buildings. The book first provides a general overview of basic power systems commonly available in buildings. Then, detailed discussions of various components of typical building electrical distribution system are outlined through several chapters including transformers, protection devices, conductors and conduits, power and lighting panels, and motor control centers. The book includes several illustrations and numerous examples and analysis exercises are included, along with detailed design examples.

Download or read book Optimal Design and Retrofit of Energy Efficient Buildings Communities and Urban Centers written by Moncef Krarti and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2018-03-27 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optimal Design and Retrofit of Energy Efficient Buildings, Communities, and Urban Centers presents current techniques and technologies for energy efficiency in buildings. Cases introduce and demonstrate applications in both the design of new buildings and retrofit of existing structures. The book begins with an introduction that includes energy consumption statistics, building energy efficiency codes, and standards and labels from around the world. It then highlights the need for integrated and comprehensive energy analysis approaches. Subsequent sections present an overview of advanced energy efficiency technologies for buildings, including dynamic insulation materials, phase change materials, LED lighting and daylight controls, Life Cycle Analysis, and more. This book provides researchers and professionals with a coherent set of tools and techniques for enhancing energy efficiency in new and existing buildings. The case studies presented help practitioners implement the techniques and technologies in their own projects. Introduces a holistic analysis approach to energy efficiency for buildings using the concept of energy productivity Provides coverage of individual buildings, communities and urban centers Includes both the design of new buildings and retrofitting of existing structures to improve energy efficiency Describes state-of-the-art energy efficiency technologies Presents several cases studies and examples that illustrate the analysis techniques and impact of energy efficiency technologies and controls

Download or read book Automation Control and Energy Efficiency in Complex Systems written by Hamid Khayyam and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is aimed at serving researchers, engineers, scientists, and engineering graduate and PhD students of engineering and physical science together with individuals interested in engineering and science. This book focuses on the application of engineering methods to complex systems including transportation, building, and manufacturing, with approaches representing a wide variety of disciplines of engineering and science. Throughout the book, great emphases are placed on engineering applications of complex systems, as well as the methodologies of automation, including artificial intelligence, automated and intelligent control, energy analysis, energy modelling, energy management, and optimised energy efficiency. The significant impact of recent studies that have been selected for presentation are of high interest in engineering complex systems. An attempt has been made to expose the reading audience of engineers and researchers to a broad range of theoretical and practical topics. The topics contained in the present book are of specific interest to engineers who are seeking expertise in transportation, building, and manufacturing technologies as well as mathematical modelling of complex systems, engineering approaches to engineering complex problems, automation via artificial intelligence methods, automated and intelligent control, and energy systems. The primary audience of this book are researchers, graduate students, and engineers in mechanical engineering, control engineering, computer engineering, electrical engineering, and science disciplines. In particular, the book can be used for training graduate and PhD students as well as senior undergraduate students to enhance their knowledge by taking a graduate or advanced undergraduate course in the areas of complex systems, control systems, energy systems, and engineering applications. The covered research topics are also of interest to engineers and academia who are seeking to expand their expertise in these areas.eng.

Download or read book Energy Conservation Technical Information Guide written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: