Download or read book Intellectual Property and Technology Transfer for COVID 19 Vaccines written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2023-11-02 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a study conducted by a consultant for the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) regarding the role of intellectual property (IP) and technology transfer during the emergency phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. It presents the results of a series of case studies focusing on the most widely deployed COVID-19 vaccines, and on certain less successful vaccine candidates. It examines, among other elements, the technology licensing agreements and related IP used in connection with COVID-19 vaccine development, manufacture and distribution. The study includes recommendations regarding better practices with respect to technology licensing to address future public health emergencies.

Download or read book Intellectual Property and Technology Transfer for COVID 19 Vaccines written by Frederick M. Abbott and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Executive Summary concisely presents the results of an independent study commissioned by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)'s Global Challenges Division looking at the role played by intellectual property (IP) and technology transfer in the development, production and distribution of vaccines used to address the COVID-19 pandemic. The study uses a case-study approach to provide an in-depth analysis of some of the different approaches adopted by ten different global vaccine manufacturers, with respect to their funding, procurement, vaccine development and IP strategies (including licensing, technology transfer and access provisions). These experiences and lessons learnt provide practical insights to guide global policy-making on IP, health and access issues.

Download or read book Vaccines as Technology written by Ana Santos Rutschman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-04-14 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The COVID-19 pandemic served as a powerful wake-up call, highlighting our collective need for the effective development and equitable distribution of new vaccines, in addition to widespread administration of existing ones. The current models of production and allocation of vaccines against emerging pathogens, which rely on predominantly market-driven mechanisms, are largely at odds with public health needs. This book is the first to explore the entire arc of vaccine development and distribution, from the decisions about allocation of vaccine R&D money to allocation and administration of vaccines resulting from the R&D process. It explains key concepts and problems in vaccine regulation, intellectual property, technology transfer, and international relations, making complex material accessible to a non-specialist audience. Analyzing the impact of COVID-19, the book also covers several other vaccine races, as well as future directions in vaccine development and allocation.

Download or read book COVID 19 Vaccines and Therapeutics written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2023-04-20 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic there have been remarkable research and innovation efforts to fight the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the COVID-19 disease. This report provides observations based on a comprehensive review of the patenting activity that took place in the field of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics and builds on the insights discussed in the first WIPO COVID-19 Patent Landscape Report published in March 2022.

Download or read book Intellectual Property Rights in Times of Crisis written by Jens Schovsbo and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2024-02-12 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book investigates varying experiences from the pandemic, providing a unique prism for assessing how IP balances competing requirements of innovation and access in times of crisis. Providing novel insight into the underlying principles of IP and how these cope under extreme pressures, Intellectual Property Rights in Times of Crisis will be an ideal read for scholars and students of intellectual property as well as those with an interest in health law and disaster law and health care law.

Download or read book COVID 19 Related Vaccines and Therapeutics written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2022-02-24 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic there have been remarkable research and innovation efforts to fight the SARS-COV-2 virus and the related disease. This patent landscape report provides early observations on the patenting activity which took place in the field of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics, and compares results with clinical trial data for related candidate vaccines and drugs.

Download or read book Promoting Access to Medical Technologies and Innovation Intersections between Public Health Intellectual Property and Trade written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2013 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study has emerged from an ongoing program of trilateral cooperation between WHO, WTO and WIPO. It responds to an increasing demand, particularly in developing countries, for strengthened capacity for informed policy-making in areas of intersection between health, trade and IP, focusing on access to and innovation of medicines and other medical technologies.

Download or read book Covid 19 Vaccines Innovation and Intellectual Property Rights written by Guido Cozzi and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Should the intellectual property rights on the first Covid-19 vaccines be temporarily lifted in applying the Trade-Related Aspect of Intellectual Property (TRIPS) flexibility? Is it right to grant the first generation of Covid-19 vaccines a special treatment from an IPR perspective? On what grounds? By extensively reviewing the available medical and economic literature on the subject, this chapter will guide the reader step-by-step to the leading scientific, political, and cultural challenges in granting broad worldwide access to vaccination. The accumulated delays in providing effective Covid-19 vaccine intervention in the low- and middle-income countries are ultimately responsible for the virus circulation at the global level and the proliferation of immunity-escaping variants. Therefore governmental rationality around the world would suggest any possible active policy tool to scale up the current vaccines supply. However, not to prevent future investment in R&D, the governments should bear the cost of the expected increased industry obsolescence determined by a temporary patent waiver; this includes public patent-buy-outs and regulated public-private R&D partnerships.

Download or read book COVID 19 Vaccines Patent Barriers and Local Production in Developing Countries written by Sudip Chaudhuri and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Access to COVID-19 vaccines have been highly unequal. Compared to almost three-fourths of the people in high income countries, less than one-fourth of the people in low-income countries have been vaccinated with at least one dose. Developed countries have mainly relied on the patent-protected vaccines marketed by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna and manufactured in their countries. These multinational corporations (MNCs) have refused to give voluntary licences and share technology for manufacturing in developing countries (except in a few cases lately). At the World Trade Organization (WTO), developed countries have resisted attempts to eliminate patent and other intellectual property (IP) barriers that could facilitate manufacturing on a larger scale. The foremost lesson from the COVID-19 pandemic is that developing countries need to stop relying on MNCs and developed country governments and to take proactive steps to be better prepared to deal with pandemics and situations of public health emergencies. While the need to use flexibilities under the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement has received wide attention, what is also crucial is developing manufacturing capabilities and capacities in developing countries. COVID-19 pandemic has brought developing countries closer. Developing countries, particularly those with insufficient or no manufacturing capacities have relied a lot on supplies from other developing countries. Again, the vaccines developed in developing countries are being manufactured in a number of countries through technology transfer and other arrangements. The manufacturing and trade links between developing countries need to be further intensified and strengthened. Through appropriate national industrial and technology policies and collaboration among developing countries, an overall improvement in the manufacturing landscape is possible.

Download or read book Regional Cooperation Intellectual Property Law and Access to Medicines written by Tolulope Anthony Adekola and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-12-05 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the potential for regionalization of intellectual property law and policy as a means of improving pharmaceutical access for least developed countries. The challenge of sustainable access to pharmaceuticals continues to be an issue of global significance. While much has been written on emerging economies in this context, least developed countries have been largely overlooked. This book fills this gap by taking the East African Community as a case study of developing and least developed countries to illustrate why and how a regional collective approach is preferred. It adopts a holistic approach in finding sustainable solutions to both IP and non-IP barriers to pharmaceutical access across a range of inter-related issues through a regional cooperative scheme. It evaluates factors that are necessary for successful regional cooperation, such as legal and policy coherence, WTO rule compliance, the threat of protectionism, regional competition rules, and so on, in order to produce relevant legal and policy recommendations to both existing and intending regional coalitions desiring to improve pharmaceutical access. It also looks beyond the scope of IP barriers to pharmaceutical access, examining non-IP-related factors such as pharmaceutical market intelligence, local pharmaceutical manufacturing capacity, economies of scale and purchasing power, medical regulation and quality assurance, technology transfer, and market size amongst others. The book will be an invaluable resource for academics, researchers and policy-makers working in the areas of Public Health Law, International Trade Law, Intellectual Property Law and Development Studies.

Download or read book Footprints written by McLean Sibanda and published by Jonathan Ball Publishers. This book was released on 2021-09-06 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Footprints is a captivating story about intellectual property (IP). It speaks to its role in society, trade, industry, and economy and expounds on the actual meaning of IP. The book lays a solid foundation for innovators, entrepreneurs, businesses, and nations to realise their full potential through IP policy, legislation, use and practices. McLean Sibanda shares his personal story, together with stories and testimonies of fellow travellers, taking us through their journey into the field of IP. He meticulously recounts South Africa's path in transforming the management of IP emanating from publicly financed research and development (R&D), development of critical human capital and other infrastructure to ensure effective IP commercialisation and technology transfer. Footprints is a timely masterpiece given IP issues in Africa's scramble for Covid-19 vaccines and implementation of the agreement establishing the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). The book provides strategies of how African countries can use IP and innovation to develop industries to ensure health security and trading of goods that can benefit from the AfCFTA. Narrated through a series of significant moments, Footprints demonstrates the importance of vision, solid foundation, collaboration, champions, and intentional steps, for economic transformation. With glimpses into how countries such as China and Korea used IP to develop their economies, this book makes a compelling case for embracing IP, increased R&D investment, relevant human capital, and appropriate use of IP, in the development of new products and services necessary for knowledge-based and industrialised economies. Footprints is a must-read for any academic, aspiring intellectual property scholar, policy maker, economist, development activist, entrepreneur, researcher, innovator, professional, and technology transfer specialist. Intellectual property is everywhere around us and impacts our lives. For entrepreneurs and businesses alike, intellectual property is about value creation, it is the insurance you need for when you succeed. – McLean Sibanda

Download or read book Private Power Public Law written by Susan K. Sell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysis of the power of multinational corporations in moulding international law on intellectual property rights.

Download or read book Promoting Access to Medical Technologies and Innovation Intersections between Public Health Intellectual Property and Trade written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2020-07-28 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study seeks to reinforce the understanding of the interplay between the distinct policy domains of health, trade and intellectual property, and of how they affect medical innovation and access to medical technologies. The second edition comprehensively reviews new developments in key areas since the initial launch of the study in 2013.

Download or read book Vaccines Accelerating Innovation and Access written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2017-11-07 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Global Challenges Report describes the innovation process for vaccines. It explains how the restricted availability of vaccines is due to impediments at every stage of the process. Most of these obstacles are manageable, and intellectual property (IP) rights are associated with only some of them. The analysis aims to put into perspective debates around health innovation and the availability of health technologies in developing countries, especially with respect to the role of IP. In particular, it provides an overview of how IP has been used to meet global health challenges in the vaccines field, and considers whether lessons can be drawn to inform other important health technologies.

Download or read book Global Health Law written by Lawrence O. Gostin and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2014-03-31 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The international community has made great progress in improving global health. But staggering health inequalities between rich and poor still remain, raising fundamental questions of social justice. In a book that systematically defines the burgeoning field of global health law, Lawrence Gostin drives home the need for effective global governance for health and offers a blueprint for reform, based on the principle that the opportunity to live a healthy life is a basic human right. Gostin shows how critical it is for institutions and international agreements to focus not only on illness but also on the essential conditions that enable people to stay healthy throughout their lifespan: nutrition, clean water, mosquito control, and tobacco reduction. Policies that shape agriculture, trade, and the environment have long-term impacts on health, and Gostin proposes major reforms of global health institutions and governments to ensure better coordination, more transparency, and accountability. He illustrates the power of global health law with case studies on AIDS, influenza, tobacco, and health worker migration. Today's pressing health needs worldwide are a problem not only for the medical profession but also for all concerned citizens. Designed with the beginning student, advanced researcher, and informed public in mind, Global Health Law will be a foundational resource for teaching, advocacy, and public discourse in global health.

Download or read book From Antiquity to the COVID 19 Pandemic written by Nuno Pires de Carvalho and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2020-11-20 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The COVID-19 pandemic has magnified the tensions inherent in the interface of proprietary medicines and the strong reaction of society at large in respect of pharmaceutical inventors and rights holders. As this comprehensive collection of sources shows, these tensions have persisted since ancient times. The sources—along with headnotes and a deeply informed preamble—clearly illustrate how society has constructed intellectual property in association with medicines to adapt it to the needs of entrepreneurship and free trade, and, at the same time, accommodating it to the imperatives of public health. Revealing two major lines of tension—trademarks versus generic designations and patents versus trade secrets—the texts deal with such aspects of the special intellectual property of medicines and access to health as the following: the question of whether inventions that are crucially important to save lives should be left in private hands to be exploited with a view on profitability; prohibiting the use of trademarks to designate certain medicines; loss of distinctiveness of some well-known pharmaceutical trademarks; sanitary authorities as a sort of a parallel trademark and patent office; the requirement of higher distinctiveness for pharmaceutical trademarks—the so-called duty of greater care; use of secrecy to secure private interests in pharmaceutical inventions; granting prizes and awards to inventors instead of acknowledging private proprietary rights in pharmaceuticals; and the protection of inventions in times of epidemics. The sources are structured in two chapters (business identifiers—trademarks, geographical indications, shop signs—and appropriation of knowledge—patents, trade secrets) to permit an easy understanding of the enchainment of important moments that have contributed to give intellectual property for medicines its special configuration. The selection of sources (more than 200) underlines the struggle of creative entrepreneurs in the pharmaceutical field to obtain a living from their trade and all the contradictions to which it gives rise, as well as approaches that governments have adopted to deal with its tensions. Practitioners in intellectual property law and healthcare law, magistrates, medical professionals, and academics will have a better sense of how the imperatives of public health have designed and continue designing norms and principles of intellectual property especially adapted to the social goals it serves.

Download or read book Vaccines Medicines and COVID 19 written by Germán Velásquez and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-01 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book is a collection of research papers on COVID-19 by Germán Velásquez from 2020 and early 2021 that help to answer the question: How can an agency like the World Health Organization (WHO) be given a stronger voice to exercise authority and leadership? The considerable health, economic and social challenges that the world faced at the beginning of 2020 with COVID-19 continued and worsened in many parts of the world in the second-half of 2020 and into 2021. Many of these countries and nations wanted to explore COVID-19 on their own, sometimes without listening to the main international health bodies such as WHO, an agency of the United Nations system with long-standing experience and vast knowledge at the global level and of which all countries in the world are members. In this single volume, the chapters present the progress of thinking and debate — particularly in relation to drugs and vaccines — that would enable a response to the COVID-19 pandemic or to subsequent crises that may arise. Among the topics covered: COVID-19 Vaccines: Between Ethics, Health and Economics Medicines and Intellectual Property: 10 Years of the WHO Global Strategy Re-thinking Global and Local Manufacturing of Medical Products After COVID-19 Rethinking R&D for Pharmaceutical Products After the Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 Shock Intellectual Property and Access to Medicines and Vaccines The World Health Organization Reforms in the Time of COVID-19 Vaccines, Medicines and COVID-19: How Can WHO Be Given a Stronger Voice? is essential reading for negotiators from the 194 member countries of the World Health Organization (WHO); World Trade Organization (WTO) and World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) staff participating in these negotiations; academics and students of public health, medicine, health sciences, law, sociology and political science; and intergovernmental organizations and non-governmental organizations that follow the issue of access to treatments and vaccines for COVID-19.