Download or read book Intellectual Property and Gender Inequality written by Carys J. Craig and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter is concerned with the connections between the global intellectual property (IP) system and gender inequality. Goal 5 of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aims to 'achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.' While the connections between IP and gender are not widely acknowledged, this chapter identifies the IP system's complicity in sustaining and compounding gender inequality and considers the possibility that changes to the IP system could bring about a more equal society. Part 1 begins by acknowledging some scepticism around the transformative promise of the SDGs and the potential for IP law to meaningfully advance them. Part 2 explores the relationship between gender inequality and patent law, describing and critically reflecting on the significance of the patent gender-gap. Part 3 then turns to consider copyright law and the growing evidence of its gendered implications. In both respects, the discussion critiques the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) for its complacent certainty that an expansive international IP system will support innovation and creativity, which will in turn advance sustainable development and gender equality. The chapter concludes by bringing a relational feminist argument to bear to critique the neoliberal assumptions that pervade the SDGs and WIPO's response to them.
Download or read book Bridging the Gender Gap in Intellectual Property written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Closing Innovation and Intellectual Property Diversity Gaps written by Carpentier, Élodie and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2024-06-20 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Innovation is a driver of competitive advantage and economic growth, with patent rights playing a critical supporting role. However, differential access to patent rights and relatively less participation in innovation can affect women and people from other historically underrepresented groups, thereby hindering progress and limiting the potential economic benefits generated by innovation. This paper reviews the global literature on these “diversity gaps”, identifies their key drivers, and documents international policies and initiatives that show promise in addressing them. Building upon Shapanka and Fechner (2018), it expands the geographic scope and reinforces the scientific basis of their analysis. The paper also provides recommendations for a wide range of stakeholders and offers insights for fostering more inclusive and equitable innovation ecosystems.
Download or read book Intellectual Property and Gender written by Kara W. Swanson and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This essay answers the invitation of the organizers of the annual Intellectual Property/Gender Symposium at American University Washington College of Law, after ten years of symposia, to consider how the next ten years of scholarship in the area of intellectual property (IP) “might open up new insights regarding the production of knowledge, commodification, definition and valuation of women's work, and other areas of feminist and queer inquiry.” I do so by thinking retrospectively, using two investigative axes, both infused by a feminist frame. The first axis is a literature review, less frequently seen as an end in itself in law than in other disciplines, perhaps to our loss. Examining the scholarship of IP and gender produced over the past ten years, I document what has been accomplished in terms of quantity and publication venues as evidence of shifting conversations and community building. Turning to the content of this work, I argue that with respect to traditional IP, that is, copyright, patent and trademark, considering gender and IP has yielded results in three areas: identifying gender disparity in participation in IP systems and its causes, identifying disparity in the application of IP doctrines to subject matter that involves gender and sexuality, and revealing the gendered nature of facially gender-neutral IP doctrines. The second axis draws upon my personal experiences writing and publishing in the area of gender and IP to consider the methodologies of this project. As an interdisciplinary scholar using history to investigate law, I am frequently forced to confront issues of translation, transcendence and transmittal that I argue are relevant to all scholars interested in what the organizers describe as “creating intellectual property law that fosters social justice.” How do we translate the insights of feminist and queer theory into IP and information law, areas where gender has remained remarkably invisible? How do we transcend subject matter boundaries to create new insights? And perhaps most challenging of all, how do we transfer those insights to scholars who do not write or think about gender, to students in classrooms, and to those who write and pass laws so that we shape IP law to promote gender equality? I use the feminist approach of finding the political in the personal to integrate these two axes and identify the key challenges and opportunities for all of us who wish to contribute to the endeavor begun by these symposia.
Download or read book A Research Agenda for Intellectual Property Law and Gender written by Jessica C Lai and published by . This book was released on 2024-11-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elgar Research Agendas outline the future of research in a given area. Leading scholars are given the space to explore their subject in provocative ways, and map out the potential directions of travel. They are relevant but also visionary. A Research Agenda for Intellectual Property Law and Gender expertly examines patent, copyright and trade mark law, bringing to light hidden gender biases and narratives that impact intellectual property law and practice today. Exploring how gender discrimination and inequality are often built into the way the law functions, it assesses the possibilities and limits of existing strategies to improve gender inclusion and equality, and paves a research agenda for the future. This Research Agenda analyses gender-related issues in the context of intellectual property practice. It addresses the consequences of the gendered nature of the law, with contributing authors deploying a variety of methodologies including theoretical, critical, historical, interdisciplinary, intersectional, reformist and revolutionist. They critically reflect on key themes such as power, privilege and pervasiveness in intellectual property, highlighting a multitude of problems that women face in their interactions with the intellectual property system and how these issues can be addressed. This Research Agenda is an indispensable resource for legal academics and law students with a particular interest in intellectual property law and the interactions between gender and the law. Policymakers and legal practitioners will also find its practical applications to be of interest.
Download or read book The Global Gender Gap in Innovation and Creativity written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Elgar Companion to Intellectual Property and the Sustainable Development Goals written by Matthew Rimmer and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2024-02-12 with total page 703 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complex geopolitical debate surrounds the role of intellectual property (IP) in advancing and achieving the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Summarising and advancing this discourse, this prescient Companion is a thorough examination of how IP law interacts, influences and impacts each of the seventeen SDGs.
Download or read book Identifying the gender of PCT inventors written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2016 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes the gender of inventors in international patent applications. We compile a worldwide gender-name dictionary, which includes 6.2 million names for 182 different countries to disambiguate the gender of PCT inventors. Our results suggest that there is a gender imbalance in PCT applications, but the proportion of women inventors is improving over time. We also find that the rates of women participation differ substantially across countries, technological fields and sectors.
Download or read book Intellectual Property Innovation and Economic Inequality written by Daniel Benoliel and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2024-06-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While growing disparities in wealth and income are well-documented across the globe, the role of intellectual property rights is often overlooked. This volume brings together leading commentators from around the world to interrogate the interrelationship between intellectual property and economic inequality. Interdisciplinary and globally oriented by design, the book features economists, legal scholars, policy analysts, and other experts. Chapters address the impact of intellectual property rights on economic inequality, the effect of economic inequality on the protection and enforcement of these rights, and the potential use of innovation law and policy to help reduce economic inequality. The volume also tackles timely issues like race and gender disparities and the North-South divide in innovation. This book is available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Download or read book Patent Law and Women written by Jessica C. Lai and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-09-30 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses the gendered nature of patent law and the knowledge governance system it supports. The vast majority of patented inventions are attributed to male inventors. While this has resulted in arguments that there are not enough women working in science, technology, engineering and mathematics, this book maintains that the issue lies with the very nature of patent law and how it governs knowledge. The reason why fewer women patent than men is that patent law and the knowledge governance system it supports are gendered. This book deconstructs patent law to reveal the multiple gendered binaries it embodies, and how these in turn reflect gendered understandings of what constitutes science and an invention, and a scientist and an inventor. Revealing the inherent biases of the patent system, as well as its reliance on an idea of the public domain, the book argues that an egalitarian knowledge governance system must go beyond socialised binaries to better govern knowledge creation, dissemination and maintenance. This book will appeal to scholars and policymakers in the field of patent law, as well as those in law and other disciplines with interests in law, gender and technology.
Download or read book IPR Gender Gaps written by Jussi Heikkilä and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study extends the analysis of the gender gap in patenting into design rights, utility model (UMs) and trademarks (TMs), which are complementary methods for protecting intellectual property. The analysis is descriptive and uses register data from the Finnish patent and registration office covering the years 1982-2013. A persistent gender gap is found for all intellectual property rights. The gap has narrowed over time for national patent, design right and TM filings but not for UM filings. It is found that, in comparison to men, women are relatively less often single inventors or designers and more often members of inventor or designer teams.
Download or read book What Works written by Iris Bohnet and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2016-03-08 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gender equality is a moral and a business imperative. But unconscious bias holds us back and de-biasing minds has proven to be difficult and expensive. Behavioral design offers a new solution. Iris Bohnet shows that by de-biasing organizations instead of individuals, we can make smart changes that have big impacts—often at low cost and high speed.
Download or read book Unregistered Patents Gender Equality written by Miriam Marcowitz-Bitton and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women do not get a fair share when it comes to patenting and are far less likely to own patents. This disparity is in part because of not only the inherent biases in science and technology and in the patent system itself, but also because of the high costs of even applying for patents. This article therefore proposes an unconventional new regime of unregistered patent rights to relieve women and other disadvantaged inventors of the costs of applying for registered patent rights and to help them gain greater access to patent protections. Patents are a glaring exception to the unregistered protections provided in other areas of intellectual property, which are more egalitarian in design. By providing automatic patent rights, our proposed regime would allow for greater protection for disadvantaged innovators, in much the same way that copyright, trademark, and other forms of intellectual property currently do.To explain our proposal, we detail the challenges facing women and other disadvantaged inventors in applying for patents as well as the fact that other intellectual property regimes do not require such applications. We also address a number of objections that our proposal would inevitably raise. In particular we show that, because our proposed unregistered patent system would grant rights for only three years and would protect only against direct copying, these rights would be unlikely to deter incremental or complementary innovation. Such rights would also be fully subject to invalidation under a preponderance of the evidence standard.Our proposed regime does not solve all of the issues female innovators face. Nonetheless, our proposed regime would benefit women and others by providing protection at no cost, without filing or renewal fees, and equally importantly, by protecting even inventors with little or no knowledge of the patent system and its importance in realizing the benefits of their inventive efforts.
Download or read book Private Rights and Public Problems written by Keith Eugene Maskus and published by Peterson Institute. This book was released on 2012 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consumers constantly confront intellectual property rights (IPRs) every day, from their morning cup of Starbucks coffee to the Intel chip on their computer at work. Intellectual property rights help protect creative inventions in the form of trademarks, copyrights, and patents. Despite legal protection, many goods--including music and video files--are easily copied or shared, which affects industries, innovators, and customers. In his follow-up to one of the most popular PIIE titles of all time, Keith Maskus looks at the expansion of private legal rights into international trade markets, not only for technological items but also for international public goods like vaccines and prescription drugs. Private Rights and Public Problems assesses IPR issues for users, producers, and innovators and the difficulty of establishing an international policy regime that governs IPRs in all markets. Post-industrial countries have preferential terms for licensing and selling products, in part because they develop more global brands and products. Maskus observes that in these countries the primacy of private property raises contentious international debate between innovation owners in rich countries and followers and users in emerging and poor countries. Maskus explores if increased privacy regulations limit innovation and pose artificial and real barriers, such as decreased information accessibility and increased cost. This book addresses a fundamental issue: should basic scientific and technological knowledge be commoditized? In this guide to the current global impact of IPRs, the author analyzes the economic contribution of IPRs underlying features: innovation and access to international technologies.
Download or read book Do Stronger Intellectual Property Rights Increase International Technology Transfer written by Lee Branstetter and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the alleged benefits of the recent global movement to strengthen intellectual property rights (IPRs) is that such reforms accelerate transfers of technology between countries. Branstetter, Fisman, and Foley examine how technology transfer among U.S. multinational firms changes in response to a series of IPR reforms undertaken by 12 countries over the 1982-99 period. Their analysis of detailed firm-level data reveal that royalty payments for intangibles transferred to affiliates increase at the time of reforms, as do affiliate research and development (R & D) expenditures and total levels of foreign patent applications. Increases in royalty payments and R & D expenditures are more than 20 percent larger among affiliates of parent companies that use U.S. patents more extensively prior to reform and therefore are expected to value IPR reform most. This paper--a product of Trade, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the global impact of stronger intellectual property rights.
Download or read book The Economics of Intellectual Property Suggestions for Further Research in Developing Countries and Countries with Economies in Transition written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The series of papers in this publication were commissioned from renowned international economists from all regions. They review the existing empirical literature on six selected themes relating to the economics of intellectual property, identify the key research questions, point out research gaps and explore possible avenues for future research.
Download or read book The Gender Gap In Global Patenting written by Marco Alemán and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines the participation of women inventors in international patent applications from 1999 to 2020 and reveals that women were involved in the inventions behind only 23 percent of all applications, while men were involved in 96 percent. Consequently, women represent only 13 percent of all inventors listed in these filings, with an estimated contribution equivalent to only 10 percent of all PCT applications. Although women's participation in patenting has increased over time, achieving gender parity will require considerable effort. Based on current trends, if the inclusion conditions of the past five years persist, women may reach the 50 percent target for inventors around the year 2061. Women's participation in patenting varies considerably across world regions, sectors, and industries. Women inventors are predominantly concentrated in specific industries, such as biotechnology, food chemistry, and pharmaceuticals, whereas fields related to mechanical engineering have far fewer women inventors. Women inventors are more prevalent in academia (21 percent) than in the private sector (14 percent), but patent applications originating from academia represent only a small share of the total. Although the technological specialization of countries significantly alters the ranking for a few of them, for most countries, their technological specialization is not the primary factor in the gender gap in patents. The report also notes that women typically work in mostly-male teams and are more likely to work alone than in teams of women, including all-women teams or teams where they are the numerical majority. The decline in the proportion of patents from lone male inventors explains much of the positive trend in global inclusion over the last two decades. The report concludes that although women's participation in patenting is increasing, greater efforts are necessary to address the underrepresentation of women in innovation and patenting.
