Download or read book Integrating Wind Energy to Weak Power Grids using High Voltage Direct Current Technology written by Nilanjan Ray Chaudhuri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-02 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first of its kind to provide a comprehensive framework for connecting wind farms to weak power grids using High Voltage DC technology. Most onshore wind energy potential is located in areas that are hardly inhabited and the majority of wind energy that is being harnessed by European countries is currently offshore, both sourced from locations that lack the presence of a strong power grid. This book focuses on the many challenges the wind farm industry faces integrating both onshore and offshore wind to ‘weak’ grids using HVDC technology. Through case studies and illustrative examples the author presents a framework for theoretical and mathematical analysis of HVDC technology, its application and successful integration of onshore and offshore wind farms. Presents a unified approach for integrating onshore and offshore wind energy to existing AC systems through MTDC grids; Includes an extensive treatment of onshore wind farms connected to LCC HVDC systems; Provides a comprehensive analysis of offshore wind farms connected to VSC HVDC systems.
Download or read book Integration of Wind Farms Into Weak AC Grid written by Manal Nawir and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Integration of Large Wind Farms to Weak Power Grids written by Kamyab Givaki and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Power grids are changing significantly with the introduction of large amounts of renewable energy (especially wind) into the system. Integration of wind energy into the grid is challenging as, firstly it increases penetration stresses when compared to conventional generation as the wind is intermittent and fluctuates in power output. Secondly, most of the wind farms are located in offshore or rural areas which have good wind conditions. The grid in these regions is not normally strong. Most of the modern variable speed wind turbines use voltage source converters (VSCs) for grid integration. However, integrating VSCs to weak power grids will cause instability when a large amount of active power is transferred to the grid. In this thesis, the integration of wind farms to very weak power grids is investigated. A multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) model of the grid side VSC of a wind turbine is developed in the frequency domain in which the d-axis of the synchronous reference frame (SRF) is aligned with the grid voltage. Then, this model has been used as the basis for modelling the multiple parallel converters in the frequency domain. In this thesis, to improve the stability of the very weak grid connected of VSCs, a control method based on the d- and q- axis current error is introduced. This controller compensates the output angle of the phase locked loop (PLL) and the voltage amplitude of the converter. Using this controller, full rated active power transfer and fault ride-through are achieved under very weak grid connection. Furthermore, a stabiliser controller based on virtual impedance is proposed in this thesis to achieve stable operation of a very weak grid connected VSC. This stabilising control method enables the VSC to operate at full power and to ride-through faults under very weak grid conditions. Based on this principle, an external device is proposed that can be utilised and connected to a weak point of the grid to allow a large amount of VSC interfaced power generation (e.g. wind power) to be connected to the grid without introducing stability issues.
Download or read book Wind Farms Interfacing Weak AC Grids Through HVDC Systems written by Jagdeep Kaur and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation presents a comprehensive modeling and stability analysis framework to understand various challenges faced by weak AC grids (due to low system inertia and Effective Short Circuit Ratio (ESCR)) interfacing onshore wind farms, which transfer power to remote locations using High Voltage DC (HVDC) transmission systems. Different control strategies are also proposed to mitigate issues related to frequency dynamics and voltage regulation in such grids.First, the impact of inertia and ESCR on the control of frequency in progressively weak grid interfacing wind farms and the rectifier-side of Line Commutated Converter (LCC-HVDC) is analyzed. To that, end a small-signal stability analysis framework is developed for a Doubly-fed Induction Generator (DFIG)-based wind farm interfacing an LCC-HVDC station in a weak AC grid where the HVDC rectifier operates in a frequency control mode. A three-step approach for the modal analysis and control design is proposed that helps develop an understanding of the interaction of system modes that are contributing to the frequency dynamicswhen the AC grid is made progressively weaker. Although insightful, this study is confined to a single wind farm and a single generator representing the entire AC grid.It is essential to consider a more practical case to a have a better understanding of system stability and effect of disturbances like loss of generation on frequency dynamics. Therefore, the AC grid with a multi-machine system and multiple wind farms connected to the LCC HVDC rectifier station through feeders are considered.The future planning scenario involving partial replacement of coal-fired plants with wind farms, and conversion of a coal-fired plant into a synchronous condenser is examined. This work reveals the contribution from LCC-HVDC towards the improvement of the secondary frequency control of such system under severe faults following the loss of generation.Apart from the above-mentioned challenges related to frequency dynamics in the weak AC grid, there are other challenges including risks of voltage instability and commutation failure. In particular, the risk of commutation failure increases if the AC grid in the inverter-side is weak. Going forward, weak AC grids are assumed in both ends of the HVDC transmission system. The LCC converter stations rely on the AC system voltage for commutation and in turn, consumes reactive power, thereby increasing the risk of system instability with a weak AC system. A capacitor commutated converter (CCC) with capacitors in series with the valve-side transformer windings can be used to remedy some of these concerns. Currently, back-to-back CCC-HVDC systems are in operation. To explore the performance of CCC for a long-distance HVDC transmission system, a comprehensive nonlinear state-space modeling framework has been developed where both the sending as well as the receiving end grids are weak in nature. The modeling adequacy aspect of CCC is revisited and examined, which reveals the necessity of including the commutation capacitor voltage dynamics for time-domain and frequency domain analysis.Unlike LCC or CCC, Self Commutated Converters (e.g. Voltage Source Converters (VSCs)) do not rely on the AC system voltage for commutation. They can operate in leading, lagging, and unity power factor, and can regulate real and reactive power independently. As a result, they perform better with weak grids. However, VSC technology is more expensive, less efficient, and cannot carry high power of the order of LCC or CCC HVDC. To take advantages of both technologies, a Hybrid-HVDC concept is proposed, which includes a CCC coupled in series with a VSC, called Vernier, on DC side. Moreover, a coordinating control for Hybrid-HVDC converter systems is proposed, which ensures that - CCC and Vernier equitably share the control burden; the tap changers and switched capacitor banks are eliminated by Vernier controls that maintain constant firing angle and margin angle at the rectifier and inverter, respectively; and Vernier provides volt-VAr control at the commutation bus. The operating characteristics of the proposedHybrid-HVDC system is established.Finally, as a logical progression, the possibility of deriving secondary frequency support from wind farms and providing it to the inverter-side weak grid through Hybrid HVDC systems is explored. The flexible DC voltage polarity of the Vernier gives additional degrees of freedom to the control scheme, which is used for secondaryfrequency control in the inverter side grid by extracting power from the rectifier-end while maintaining constant firing angle and margin angle. Analytical insight of this complex system is developed to improve damping of frequency dynamics and improve utilization of the vernier capacity.
Download or read book Integration of Large Scale Wind Energy with Electrical Power Systems in China written by Zongxiang Lu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-04-04 with total page 976 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An in-depth examination of large scale wind projects and electricity production in China Presents the challenges of electrical power system planning, design, operation and control carried out by large scale wind power, from the Chinese perspective Focuses on the integration issue of large scale wind power to the bulk power system, probing the interaction between wind power and bulk power systems Wind power development is a burgeoning area of study in developing countries, with much interest in offshore wind farms and several big projects under development English translation of the Chinese language original which won the "Fourth China Outstanding Publication Award nomination" in March 2013
Download or read book Grid Integration and Dynamic Impact of Wind Energy written by Vijay Vittal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-23 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grid Integration and Dynamic Impact of Wind Energy details the integration of wind energy resources to the electric grid worldwide. Authors Vijay Vittal and Raja Ayyanar include detailed coverage of the power converters and control used in interfacing electric machines and power converters used in wind generators, and extensive descriptions of power systems operation and control to accommodate large penetration of wind resources. Key concepts will be illustrated through extensive power electronics and power systems simulations using software like MATLAB, Simulink and PLECS. The book addresses real world problems and solutions in the area of grid integration of wind resources, and will be a valuable resource for engineers and researchers working in renewable energy and power.
Download or read book Wind Energy Conversion Systems written by S.M. Muyeen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-05 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wind Energy Conversion System covers the technological progress of wind energy conversion systems, along with potential future trends. It includes recently developed wind energy conversion systems such as multi-converter operation of variable-speed wind generators, lightning protection schemes, voltage flicker mitigation and prediction schemes for advanced control of wind generators. Modeling and control strategies of variable speed wind generators are discussed, together with the frequency converter topologies suitable for grid integration. Wind Energy Conversion System also describes offshore farm technologies including multi-terminal topology and space-based wind observation schemes, as well as both AC and DC based wind farm topologies. The stability and reliability of wind farms are discussed, and grid integration issues are examined in the context of the most recent industry guidelines. Wind power smoothing, one of the big challenges for transmission system operators, is a particular focus. Fault ride through and frequency fluctuation mitigation using energy storage options are also covered. Efficiency analyses are presented for different types of commercially available wind turbine generator systems, large scale wind generators using superconducting material, and the integration of offshore wind and marine current farms. Each chapter is written by a leader in the wind energy arena, making Wind Energy Conversion System a valuable reference for researchers and students of wind energy.
Download or read book Wind Farm written by Gastón Orlando Suvire and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-07-28 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last two decades, increase in electricity demand and environmental concern resulted in fast growth of power production from renewable sources. Wind power is one of the most efficient alternatives. Due to rapid development of wind turbine technology and increasing size of wind farms, wind power plays a significant part in the power production in some countries. However, fundamental differences exist between conventional thermal, hydro, and nuclear generation and wind power, such as different generation systems and the difficulty in controlling the primary movement of a wind turbine, due to the wind and its random fluctuations. These differences are reflected in the specific interaction of wind turbines with the power system. This book addresses a wide variety of issues regarding the integration of wind farms in power systems. The book contains 14 chapters divided into three parts. The first part outlines aspects related to the impact of the wind power generation on the electric system. In the second part, alternatives to mitigate problems of the wind farm integration are presented. Finally, the third part covers issues of modeling and simulation of wind power system.
Download or read book Grid Integration of Wind Energy written by Siegfried Heier and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-06-23 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This popular reference describes the integration of wind-generated power into electrical power systems and, with the use of advanced control systems, illustrates how wind farms can be made to operate like conventional power plants. Fully revised, the third edition provides up-to-date coverage on new generator developments for wind turbines, recent technical developments in electrical power conversion systems, control design and essential operating conditions. With expanded coverage of offshore technologies, this edition looks at the characteristics and static and dynamic behaviour of offshore wind farms and their connection to the mainland grid. Brand new material includes: comprehensive treatment of onshore and offshore grid integration updated legislative guidelines for the design, construction and installation of wind power plants the fundamental characteristics and theoretical tools of electrical and mechanical components and their interactions new and future types of generators, converters, power electronics and controller designs improved use of grid capacities and grid support for fixed- and variable-speed controlled wind power plants options for grid control and power reserve provision in wind power plants and wind farms This resource is an excellent guide for researchers and practitioners involved in the planning, installation and grid integration of wind turbines and power plants. It is also highly beneficial to university students studying wind power technology, renewable energy and power systems, and to practitioners in wind engineering, turbine design and manufacture and electrical power engineering.
Download or read book Challenges for the integration of wind park clusters into power grids written by Cesar Augusto Quintero Marrone and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2014-01-24 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main purpose of this thesis is to determine the optimal wind park allocation i.e. dispatch of wind parks in a cluster structure through the performance of iterative power flow calculations and considering the actual and forecasted generation values from the participating wind parks. The first part of this thesis describes the grid connection requirements for wind power plants and the current wind power industry solutions developed to cope with this problem. The following chapter of this work presents the challenges regarding the market integration of wind power and its influence in the conventional dispatch process, as well as discussing the needs and benefits from the economic and technical point of view for the implementation of cluster structure. The methodology and approach for the dispatch of wind parks within a cluster structure is also presented and discussed. The final section of this thesis presents the perspectives for the transmission system operators as well as for wind park operators through the implementation of cluster structure. Moreover, it is also discussed the market integration potential of wind power generation structures e.g. through the delivery of ancillary services and improvement in the active and reactive power scheduling.
Download or read book Wind Power in Power Systems written by Thomas Ackermann and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-04-08 with total page 746 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As environmental concerns have focussed attention on the generation of electricity from clean and renewable sources, wind energy has become the world’s fastest growing energy source. The authors draw on substantial practical experience to address the technical, economic and safety issues inherent in the exploitation of wind power in a competitive electricity market. Presenting the reader with all the relevant background information key to understanding the integration of wind power into the power systems, this leading edge text: Presents an international perspective on integrating a high penetration of wind power into the power system Offers broad coverage ranging from basic network interconnection issues to industry deregulation and future concepts for wind turbines and power systems Discusses wind turbine technology, industry standards and regulations along with power quality issues Considers future concepts to increase the penetration of wind power in power systems Presents models for simulating wind turbines in power systems Outlines current research activities Essential reading for power engineers, wind turbine designers, wind project development and wind energy consultants dealing with the integration of wind power systems into distribution and transmission networks, this text would also be of interest to network engineers working for power utility companies dealing with interconnection issues and graduate students and researchers in the field of wind power and power systems.
Download or read book Power Conversion and Control of Wind Energy Systems written by Bin Wu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-09 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents the latest power conversion and control technology in modern wind energy systems. It has nine chapters, covering technology overview and market survey, electric generators and modeling, power converters and modulation techniques, wind turbine characteristics and configurations, and control schemes for fixed- and variable-speed wind energy systems. The book also provides in-depth steady-state and dynamic analysis of squirrel cage induction generator, doubly fed induction generator, and synchronous generator based wind energy systems. To illustrate the key concepts and help the reader tackle real-world issues, the book contains more than 30 case studies and 100 solved problems in addition to simulations and experiments. The book serves as a comprehensive reference for academic researchers and practicing engineers. It can also be used as a textbook for graduate students and final year undergraduate students.
Download or read book Wind Generator energy Storage Control Schemes for Autonomous Grid written by Meghdad Fazeli and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conventionally the power network operators were obliged to buy all the wind energy generated by wind farms. However, as the penetration of wind energy (or generally any other sort of renewable source) in a power system is increased, the ability of other generators to balance the demand becomes limited. This will necessitate the control of wind turbines in order to generate a given demand power rather than extracting the maximum wind power. This control approach is termed “Power Demand Control” in this thesis. In contrast to Power Demand Control, “Power Smoothing Control” utilizes energy storage systems in order to absorb high frequency wind fluctuations, hence, delivering a smoother version of wind power into the grid/load. The drawback of the Power Smoothing approach is that the average power into the grid/load is still determined by the available wind power rather than the system operator. The Power Demand Control approach, which has received little attention in literatures, is the main focus of this thesis. This research proposes control schemes with and without external energy storage for the Power Demand Control strategy. This thesis studies different possible methods of applying Power Demand Control, in particular the droop control method. It is shown that a droop-controlled wind farm does not need a central “Supervisory wind Farm Control” unit to determine the power demanded from each DFIG. Moreover, a droop-controlled wind farm has the advantage of controlling the local grid voltage and frequency. This means that no external voltage and frequency source is required which makes a droop-controlled wind farm a more suitable option for integration of wind energy at distribution level. The classical droop control is modified in order to make the DFIGs share the demand power not only according to their ratings but also to their associated available wind power. The applications of the control paradigm are discussed, including: integration into microgrids, AC grids and HVDC connection feeders. This work mainly concentrates on microgrid applications. An Energy Management System is proposed in order to keep the energy level of the energy storage (or the DFIG's shaft speed) within its limits using an Auxiliary Generator and a Dispatchable Load. Different possible system configurations are introduced and their advantages and drawbacks are discussed. It is illustrated through simulation that the proposed control scheme can inherently ride-through a grid fault with no need for communication. Furthermore, it is shown that the control scheme can operate if the wind speed drops to zero. The simulations are carried out using the PSCAD/EMTDC software.
Download or read book Future of wind written by International Renewable Energy Agency IRENA and published by International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). This book was released on 2019-10-01 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study presents options to speed up the deployment of wind power, both onshore and offshore, until 2050. It builds on IRENA’s global roadmap to scale up renewables and meet climate goals.
Download or read book Active Electrical Distribution Network written by Baseem Khan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-07-13 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ACTIVE ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION NETWORK Discover the major issues, solutions, techniques, and applications of active electrical distribution networks with this edited resource Active Electrical Distribution Network: A Smart Approach delivers a comprehensive and insightful guide dedicated to addressing the major issues affecting an often-overlooked sector of the electrical industry: electrical distribution. The book discusses in detail a variety of challenges facing the smart electrical distribution network and presents a detailed framework to address these challenges with renewable energy integration. The book offers readers fulsome analyses of active distribution networks for smart grids, as well as active control approached for distributed generation, electric vehicle technology, smart metering systems, smart monitoring devices, smart management systems, and various storage systems. It provides a treatment of the analysis, modeling, and implementation of active electrical distribution systems and an exploration of the ways professionals and researchers from academia and industry attempt to meet the significant challenges facing them. From smart home energy management systems to approaches for the reconfiguration of active distribution networks with renewable energy integration, readers will also enjoy: A thorough introduction to electrical distribution networks, including conventional and smart networks An exploration of various existing issues related to the electrical distribution network An examination of the importance of harmonics mitigation in smart distribution networks, including active filters A treatment of reactive power compensation under smart distribution networks, including techniques like capacitor banks and smart devices An analysis of smart distribution network reliability assessment and enhancement Perfect for professionals, scientists, technologists, developers, designers, and researchers in smart grid technologies, security, and information technology, Active Electrical Distribution Network: A Smart Approach will also earn a place in the libraries of policy and administration professionals, as well as those involved with electric utilities, electric policy development, and regulating authorities.
Download or read book Wind Turbines written by Karam Maalawi and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2022-10-26 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much research is being conducted to develop larger wind turbines, both onshore and offshore, to decarbonize electricity grid systems through the exploitation of wind power. This book presents advances and challenges in the design, manufacture, and operation of wind turbines. The main topics addressed include the basic aspects of wind turbine design, offshore wind industry and floating wind turbines, wind measurement and forecasting models, design and manufacturing of rotor blades, manufacture of power transmission bearings, and challenges in control strategies and computational aerodynamics.
Download or read book Integration of Large Wind Farms Into Weak Power Grids written by Belachew Bantyirga Gessesse and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
