Download or read book Integration of Markets Vs Integration by Agreements written by Nathalie Aminian and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides an analysis of the two channels of regional integration: integration via markets and integration via agreements. Given that East Asia and Latin America are two fertile regions where both forms of integrations have taken place, the authors examine the experiences of these two areas. There are four related results. First, East Asia had been integrating via markets long before formal agreements were in vogue in the region. Latin America, by contrast, has primarily used formal regional trade treaties as the main channel of integration. Second, despite the relative lack of formal regional trade treaties until recently, East Asia is more integrated among itself than Latin America. Third, from a purely economic and trade standpoint, the proper sequence of integrations seems to be first integrating via markets and subsequently via formal regional trade agreements. Fourth, regional trade agreements often serve multiple constituents. The reason why integrating via markets first can be helpful is because this can give stronger political bargaining power to the outward-looking economic-oriented forces within the country.

Download or read book Integration of Markets Vs Integration by Agreements written by Nathalie Aminian and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Deep Integration Global Firms and Technology Spillovers written by Naoto Jinji and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book explores the impact of deep regional economic integration on spillovers of knowledge and technology across countries. Deep integration through signing deep regional trade agreements (DRTAs), which cover various policy areas in addition to tariff reductions, may or may not facilitate technology spillovers among their signatories. To understand the mechanism of the impact of deep integration on technology spillovers, this book starts by analyzing the behavior of global firms. Factors that affect global firms' activities, such as export, foreign direct investment (FDI), offshore outsourcing, are examined. Micro data on Japanese firms are employed for the analysis. Then, the relationships between bilateral trade patterns and technology spillovers and between types of FDI and technology spillovers are investigated in detail. Patent citation data are used to measure technology spillovers. Finally, the impact of DRTAs on international technology spillovers is analyzed. This book is highly recommended to readers who are interested in the effects of deep regional integration, including academic scholars, policymakers, and graduate students. [Resumen de la editorial]

Download or read book Costs and Benefits of Economic Integration in Asia written by Robert J. Barro and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-01-04 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Costs and Benefits of Economic Integration in Asia brings together authoritative essays that identify and examine various initiatives to promote economic integration in Asia.

Download or read book Regional Integration Trade and Industry in Africa written by Helmut Asche and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-14 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the past, present and prospects of regional economic integration in Africa. The empirical analysis ranges from unions formed during the years following independence, to the proposed African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), which aims to remove trade barriers between all 55 African states. In addition, the book explores to what extent Africa’s Regional Economic Communities (RECs) have advanced in accordance with a linear integration model of goods, labor and capital markets. The book subsequently evaluates the suitability of the European model of deep integration with costly institutions for the conditions specific to Africa, considering, for example, the role of informal and non-recorded trade. Stylized cases of regional division of labour with increasing returns and imperfect competition are introduced to support the economic integration logic. Past and current economic policies in Africa are scrutinized to answer the question: how can African regions best foster new manufacturing industries and value chains across the continent? In conclusion, the book outlines content and processes of Common Industrial Policy in the African regions. The book also addresses the controversial issue of international trade agreements between developing countries and the European Union or the USA and investigates whether these agreements impede or promote economic development in Africa. The book includes a detailed roadmap describing how to improve key clauses of agreements for economic partnership in the interest of African countries. In closing, it outlines a new vision of joint sustainable development for Africa and Europe.

Download or read book Vertical and Horizontal Integration in the Market Egg Industry 1955 1969 written by George Burnet Rogers and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Regional Trade and Economic Integration written by Ram Upendra Das and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2012 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Asia-Pacific region has emerged as a dominant player in trade and will continue to be an influential component of world trade and economics. This book presents an informative outlook on the various regional and trade agreements (RTAs) and their beneficial effects on bilateral trade. In particular, the authors concentrate on India and China, the two major rising powers, and the impact of exchange of information and sharing of resources between these two countries in wide-ranging areas. It provides an incisive analysis and a roundup of all major RTAs and also presents an overview of all major agreements between the countries involved, which might propel their trade numbers and influence future economic engagements. The book also discusses possible obstacles that are encountered during the implementation of RTAs and circumvention routes that can be taken to ensure the successful execution of the agreements. International trade agreements, such as General Agreements on Trade and Tariffs, which have revolutionized the trade dynamics by opening up new areas of trade and formulating specific guidelines for the member countries to adhere to during trade negotiations, are discussed. The book also provides new insights into some of the issues under negotiation, such as sensitive lists, trade, investment cooperation, and trade in services. The existing economic cooperation arrangements in the region as well as those that are at various stages of study and negotiations, empirical insights and policy suggestions are elucidated in detail.

Download or read book Law and Economics of Vertical Integration and Control written by Roger D. Blair and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-10 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Law and Economics of Vertical Integration and Control focuses on the processes, methodologies, and approaches involved in the law and economics of vertical integration and control. The publication first elaborates on transaction costs, fixed proportions and contractual alternatives, and variable proportions and contractual alternatives. Discussions focus on sales revenue royalties, ownership integration, output royalties, important product-specific services, successive monopoly, advantages and limitations of internal transfers, and transaction cost determinants. The text then examines vertical integration under uncertainty and vertical integration without contractual alternatives. The book ponders on legal treatment of ownership integration and per se illegal contractual controls. Topics include tying arrangements, public policy assessment, resale price maintenance, vertical integration and the Sherman Act, market foreclosure doctrine, and the 1982 Merger Guidelines. The text also takes a look at contractual controls that are not illegal per se, alternative legal rules, and antitrust policy. The publication is a dependable reference for researchers interested in the law and economics of vertical integration and control.

Download or read book Financial Market Infrastructure and Economic Integration written by George A Papaconstantinou and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2024-01-25 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first comprehensive study of the interplay between the cutting-edge regulation of financial infrastructure and international economic integration. It tackles a series of important questions: How does the regulation of central counterparties interact with international economic law? Is the WTO able to deal with the regulatory diversity of each country's financial rulebook? Do FTAs foster deeper integration of financial infrastructure services? Can competition law effectively tackle monopolisation and anti-competitive conduct in financial infrastructure? The book discusses how the liberalisation of financial market infrastructure is achieved within the most prominent international economic integration settings: the WTO, Economic Integration Agreements, and EU competition law. It explores whether a more harmonious relationship between financial regulation and economic integration is feasible, and how it can be achieved. The book demonstrates the existence of both structural barriers to trade and trade-facilitating tools that can impede and foster the further integration of financial market infrastructure. Measuring the depth of liberalisation of financial market infrastructure services in more than 120 FTAs, as well as surveying recent case law of the WTO, the Court of Justice of the European Union, and the practice of the European Commission, the book shows how the economic integration of financial market infrastructure occurs. An essential read for those seeking to understand how the cutting-edge regulation of financial market infrastructure and transnational systems of economic integration interact with one another.

Download or read book Rethinking Free Trade Economic Integration and Human Rights in the Americas written by María Belén Olmos Giupponi and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph offers the first systematic overview of the protection of human rights in trade agreements in the Americas. Traditionally, trade agreements in the Americas were concerned with economic questions and paid little attention to human rights. However, in the wake of the 'new regionalism', which emerged at the end of the last century, more clauses addressing social issues such as labour rights and environmental standards were inserted in trade agreements. As economic integration increased, a framework for the protection of human rights evolved. This book argues that this framework allows for human rights protection on a transnational level, while constructing regional identities. Looking at the four key regional integration processes, namely the Caribbean Community, the Central American Integration System, the Andean Community of Nations and the Southern Common Market, and also at the North American Free Trade Agreement, it shows how the integration process has reached a considerable degree of consolidation. Writing on key sources in English for the first time, this book will be essential reading for all free trade and human rights scholars.

Download or read book Regional Trade Agreements in Asia written by Van Hoa Tran and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2008-01-31 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tran Van Hoa and Charles Harvie present this timely and original study of the likely effects of new regional developments in Asia.

Download or read book Deep Integration Nondiscrimination and Euro Mediterranean Free Trade written by Bernard M. Hoekman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: May 1999 - Preferential trade agreements that are limited to the elimination of tariffs for merchandise trade flows are of limited value at best and may be as easily welfare-reducing as welfare-enhancing. It is important that preferential trade agreements go beyond eliminating tariffs and quotas to eliminating regulatory and red tape costs and opening up service markets to foreign competition. Deep integration-explicit government actions to reduce the market-segmenting effect of domestic regulatory policies through coordination and cooperation-is becoming a major dimension of some regional integration agreements, led by the European Union. Health and safety regulations, competition laws, licensing and certification regimes, and administrative procedures such as customs clearance can affect trade (in ways analogous to nontariff barriers) even though their underlying intent may not be to discriminate against foreign suppliers of goods and services. Whether preferential trade agreements (PTAs) can be justified in a multilateral trading system depends on the extent to which formal intergovernmental agreements are technically necessary to achieve the deep integration needed to make markets more contestable. The more need for formal cooperation, the stronger the case for regional integration. Whether PTAs are justified regionally also depends on whether efforts to reduce market segmentation are applied on a nondiscriminatory basis. If innovations to reduce transaction or market access costs extend to both members and nonmembers of a PTA, regionalism as an instrument of trade and investment becomes more attractive. Using a standard competitive general equilibrium model of the Egyptian economy, Hoekman and Konan find that the static welfare impact of a deep free trade agreement is far greater than the impact that can be expected from a classic shallow agreement. Under some scenarios, welfare may increase by more than 10 percent of GDP, compared with close to zero under a shallow agreement. Given Egypt's highly diversified trading patterns, a shallow PTA with the European Union could be merely diversionary, leading to a small decline in welfare. Egypt already has duty-free access to the European Union for manufactures, so the loss in tariff revenues incurred would outweigh any new trade created. Large gains in welfare from the PTA are conditional on eliminating regulatory barriers and red tape-in which case welfare gains may be substantial: 4 to 20 percent growth in real GNP. This paper-a product of the Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to analyze regional integration agreements. The authors may be contacted at bhoekman@@worldbank.org or konan@@hawaii.edu.

Download or read book What Kind of Democracy What Kind of Market written by Philip D. Oxhorn and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 1998-12-03 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While there is much literature analyzing the politics of implementing economic reforms, very little has been written on the social and political consequences of such reforms after they have been implemented. The basic premise of this book is that the convergence of many social, economic, and political ills (such as high levels of poverty, income inequality, criminal violence, and the growth of the informal sector) in the context of unprecedented levels of political democratization in Latin America presents a paradox that needs to be explained. What Kind of Democracy? demonstrates how the myriad social problems throughout the region are intimately linked both to a new economic development model and the weaknesses of Latin American democracy. This volume brings together prominent scholars from Canada, the United States, and Latin America, representing several different disciplines to analyze ongoing processes of economic, social, and political change in the region. The contributors are Werner Baer, Manuel Barrera, Juan Alberto Fuentes, Yoshiaki Nakano, Claudio Paiva, Luiz Carlos Bresser Pereira, Jean-François Prud'homme, Jorge Schvarzer, Francisco Weffort, and Francisco Zapata.

Download or read book Regional Economic Integration and Globalization written by Michael Cora and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-02-14 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The GATT/WTO system has been founded on the fundamental principle of non-discrimation. However, the system has also allowed exceptional cases to this principle through several arrangements. The leading examples of these cases are Regional Integration Agreements (RIAs). The concept of regionalization, is associated with the development of the institutional conditions for the shift of goods and production between countries. In the center of the regionalization process there is a function of integration groups, which currently are of great importance in the world economy. The number, size, and degree of relationships between countries which participate in integration agreements make it an important phenomenon and unique feature of the current phase of globalization There are also many different attitudes on the relationship between globalization and regionalism (integration). Some join them, other contradict. Firstly, regionalism and globalization mutually support themselves in the sense that regionalism is often the stage of globalization. Regionalization may indeed by stimulating the local markets and by creating a competitive environment in the region enhance microeconomic forces necessary for responding to the needs of globalization. However, there are important integration features for the defense against globalization as a process of differentiating and marginalizing some societies. In the case of integration we can count on a better protection against volatility of financial markets and againt monetary crisis

Download or read book Regional Integration and Development written by Maurice W. Schiff and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text examines regionalism from the perspective of developing countries. It presents a comprehensive account of existing theory and empirical results and incorporates the findings of formal analyses ofthe politics and dynamics of regionalism.

Download or read book Industrial Policies and Economic Integration written by Patrizio Bianchi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-06-01 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines what industrial policies are, and what role they play in the context of European integration. It provides a clear analysis of the process of integration from the Treaty of Rome to the Maastricht Treaty and beyond. Key issues covered include: * the theory of economic integration * policies to create a single market * the role of European Community institutions * policies to guarantee and promote market competition * policies of industrial development and innovation Industrial Policies of Economic Integration develops a new range of policies, aimed at allowing a new common market to enter the global marketplace effectively. This volume will be essential reading for students of European economics and policy makers interested in economic integration.

Download or read book International Economic Integration Challenges and Opportunities for Developing Markets written by Lorena A. Palacios-Chacón and published by Editorial Digital del Tecnológico de Monterrey. This book was released on with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of this book is to address the international integration through four chapters, each one highlighting the challenges and opportunities for developing countries, especially emerging ones, as they hold the largest growth potential and the greatest possibility of becoming modern, industrial economies with a higher standard of living (Kolodko, 2002). Throughout each of the chapters, there are questions designed to test the comprehension of each topic. Moreover, at the end of each section, students will find questions and exercises to help them consolidate their learning process. The book ends with a set of conclusions emphasizing the recent growth of most developing economies that have changed free trade geopolitics and how the new world relations bear both challenges and opportunities for these types of economies.