Download or read book Integrating the Orioles written by Bob Luke and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2016-02-05 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The struggle to integrate the Baltimore Orioles mirrored the fight for civil rights in Baltimore. The Orioles debuted in 1954, the same year the Supreme Court struck down public school segregation. As Baltimore experienced demonstrations, white flight and a 1968 riot, team integration came slowly. Black players—mostly outfielders—made cameo appearances as black fans stayed away in droves. The breakthrough came in 1966, with the arrival of a more enlightened owner, and African American superstar Frank Robinson. As more black players filled the roster, the Orioles dominated the American League from 1969 through much of the 1970s and into the early 1980s. Attempts to integrate the team’s executive suite were less successful. While black players generally did not participate in civil rights actions, several under Robinson’s leadership pushed for front office jobs for former black players. Drawing on primary sources and interviews with former executives, players and sportswriters, this book tells the story of the integration of the Orioles. The author describes how tensions between community leaders and team officials aborted negotiations to both increase black attendance and put an African American in the club’s executive ranks.
Download or read book The Integration of Major League Baseball written by Rick Swaine and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2009-06-08 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a record of the men and events, team by team, during Major League Baseball's integration. It focuses especially on the owners, executives and managers who were the heroes, villains or spectators of integration, and it sheds new light on the unheralded champions of integration and on those whose culpability has so far been overlooked. Individual chapters cover each of baseball's integration-era teams, and a final chapter covers expansion teams of the 1960s. Each team's responsible individuals are examined, its acquisition, deployment and treatment of black players documented, and the effect of its integration actions on team performance analyzed. Appendices provide populations of integration-era Major League cities, first black players by team, first black players in various minor leagues, rosters of black players by team, a timeline of black player milestones, and a list of black All-Star selections through 1969.
Download or read book The Integration of the Pacific Coast League written by Amy Essington and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2018-06 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While Jackie Robinson’s 1947 season with the Brooklyn Dodgers made him the first African American to play in the Major Leagues in the modern era, the rest of Major League Baseball was slow to integrate while its Minor League affiliates moved faster. The Pacific Coast League (PCL), a Minor League with its own social customs, practices, and racial history, and the only legitimate sports league on the West Coast, became one of the first leagues in any sport to completely desegregate all its teams. Although far from a model of racial equality, the Pacific Coast states created a racial reality that was more diverse and adaptable than in other parts of the country. The Integration of the Pacific Coast League describes the evolution of the PCL beginning with the league’s differing treatment of African Americans and other nonwhite players. Between the 1900s and the 1930s, team owners knowingly signed Hawaiian players, Asian players, and African American players who claimed that they were Native Americans, who were not officially banned. In the post–World War II era, with the pressures and challenges facing desegregation, the league gradually accepted African American players. In the 1940s individual players and the local press challenged the segregation of the league. Because these Minor League teams integrated so much earlier than the Major Leagues or the eastern Minor Leagues, West Coast baseball fans were the first to experience a more diverse baseball game.
Download or read book The Cooperstown Symposium on Baseball and American Culture 2015 2016 written by William M. Simons and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2017-03-24 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Widely acknowledged as the preëminent gathering of baseball scholars, the annual Cooperstown Symposium on Baseball and American Culture has made significant contributions to baseball research. This collection of 15 new essays selected from the 2015 and the 2016 symposia examines topics whose importance extend beyond the ballpark. Presented in six parts, the essays explore Biography: From Mythology to Authenticity, Gender and Generations, Race and Ethnicity on the Base Paths, Ballparks Abandoned and Envisioned, Baseball Cinema, and Business, Law and the Game.
Download or read book If Baseball Integrated Early written by Doug Fowler and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2010-05-08 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book takes a look at the differences, and some sililarities, in a history of baseball that might have been had the game been integrated from the start."-- page 4.
Download or read book A Calculus of Color written by Robert Kuhn McGregor and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2015-04-02 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1947, as the integration of Major League Baseball began, the once-daring American League had grown reactionary, unwilling to confront postwar challenges--population shifts, labor issues and, above all, racial integration. The league had matured in the Jim Crow era, when northern cities responded to the Great Migration by restricting black access to housing, transportation, accommodations and entertainment, while blacks created their own institutions, including baseball's Negro Leagues. As the political climate changed and some major league teams realized the necessity of integration, the American League proved painfully reluctant. With the exception of the Cleveland Indians, integration was slow and often ineffective. This book examines the integration of baseball--widely viewed as a triumph--through the experiences of the American League and finds only a limited shift in racial values. The teams accepted few black players and made no effort to alter management structures, and organized baseball remained an institution governed by tradition-bound owners.
Download or read book The Baseball Business written by James Edward Miller and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 1991-04 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Draws on the experiences of the Baltimore Orioles to trace the development of the baseball business since 1950
Download or read book Le Football written by Russ Crawford and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2016-08 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are two kinds of football in France. American football was first played in France in 1909 during the cruise of the Great White Fleet. Then, during World War I, the American military shipped footballs, helmets, and shoulder pads alongside rifles and ammunition to the western front. A 1938 tour of two teams lead by Jim Crowley of Fordham University maintained the game until World War II, when the arrival of millions of young Americans in France motivated the U.S. military to sponsor several bowl games. During the 1950s and 1960s, when the United States occupied bases in France during the Cold War, American soldiers, sailors, and airmen played more than a thousand football games. When France withdrew from NATO, however, American bases were forced to close, leaving American football without a natural home on Gallic shores. In the 1970s American college and semi-pro teams tried once more to generate interest in the game among French nationals through a series of tours, but until a French physical education instructor vacationed in Colorado and brought equipment back to France, there was little local enthusiasm for the sport. On the back of that vacation, and from one team in Paris, organized American football in France grew to more than 215 teams with more than 22,000 active players today. Le Football tackles the struggles and successes of American football in France and discusses how, unlike baseball and basketball, football has never been an overt instrument of American cultural influence. Russ Crawford keeps the chains moving as he shows how the modern, homegrown sport developed largely independent of American encouragement into a small but successful culture.
Download or read book The Integration of Baseball in Philadelphia written by Christopher Threston and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2003-01-06 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The release of Ken Burns' documentary Baseball in 1994 and the commemoration of the 50th anniversary of Jackie Robinson's debut in the major leagues in 1997 once again brought attention to the integration of baseball. Integration did not guarantee equality or even begin to solve baseball's race-related struggles. In some instances, integration caused even more problems for the African American players and their white teammates. This was the case in Philadelphia, where, among other discriminatory actions, Phillies manager Ben Chapman instructed his players to verbally abuse Jackie Robinson. This work examines how Philadelphia acquired a reputation as a tough place for African American players. It follows the very slow and difficult progress of integration of the Philadelphia Phillies and Athletics. Attempts to integrate Philadelphia baseball began being made as early as the 1860s, and all of them proved futile until 1953. Those attempts and the reasons that they failed are discussed. The book provides biographical and statistical information on some of the African American players who were confronted with discrimination, and also looks at the white players, managers, coaches, and front office personnel who were having a difficult time accepting African American players on their teams.
Download or read book The Baltimore Orioles written by Mark Stewart and published by Norwood House Paper Editions. This book was released on 2008-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the history, accomplishments and key personalities of the Baltimore Orioles baseball team.
Download or read book Jet written by and published by . This book was released on 1961-03-30 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The weekly source of African American political and entertainment news.
Download or read book Bird Conservation Implementation and Integration in the Americas written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Story of the Baltimore Orioles written by Tyler Omoth and published by The Creative Company. This book was released on 2007-07 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the history, players, and future of the Baltimore Orioles baseball team.
Download or read book The Cooperstown Symposium on Baseball and American Culture 2009 2010 written by William M. Simons and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2014-01-10 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cooperstown Symposium on Baseball and American Culture, 2009-2010 is an anthology of scholarly essays that utilize the national game to examine topics whose import extends beyond the ballpark and constitute a significant academic contribution to baseball literature. The essays represent sixteen of the leading presentations from the two most recent proceedings of the annual Cooperstown Symposium on Baseball and American Culture, held, respectively, on June 3-5, 2009, and June 2-4, 2010. The anthology is divided into five parts: Baseball as Culture: Dance, Literature, National Character, and Myth; Constructing Baseball Heroes; Blacks in Baseball: From Segregation to Conflicted Integration; The Enterprise of Baseball: Economics and Entrepreneurs; and Genesis and Legacy of Baseball Scholarship, which features an essay written by the co-creator of baseball scholarship, Dorothy Seymour Mills.
Download or read book Baltimore Orioles 101 written by Brad M. Epstein and published by 101 Book. This book was released on 2015-05-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Baltimore Orioles 101 is required reading for every Orioles fan! From Cal Ripkens 2,131st consecutive game to cheering on the team in Oriole Park, youll share all the memories with the next generation. Enjoy all the traditions of your favorite team, learn the basics about playing baseball and share your passion for Americas pastime! Officially licensed by Major League Baseball.
Download or read book The Book of Baltimore Orioles Lists written by David Pugh and published by American Literary Press. This book was released on 1993-06 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Baltimore Orioles written by K. C. Kelley and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
