Download or read book Integrated Aircraft Fuel Tank Fire and Explosion Protection Systems Phase I and II written by Q. C. Malmberg and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aircraft fuel tank fire and explosion protection techniques are described in this two part report which covers both state-of-the-art and advanced concepts. The state-of-the-art section reviews, in handbook form, the fire and explosion protection techniques currently available for immediate aircraft incorporation. These fire protection techniques include open celled flexible foam, closed cell rigid foam, purge mats, and fire extinguishing systems. Both fully packed and voided reticulated foam, nitrogen inerting, fuel fogging, and extinguisher type explosion suppression systems are discussed under the heading of explosion protection techniques. The advanced explosion protection technique section includes descriptions of on-board nitrogen generating concepts and combination systems of foam/nitrogen/fuel-air fog. In addition, the data and results from a small scale test program evaluating the combination type protection concepts is presented.
Download or read book Integrated Aircraft Fuel Tank Fire and Explosion Protection Systems Phase 1 and 2 written by Q. C. Malmberg and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aircraft fuel tank fire and explosion protection techniques are described in this two part report which covers both state-of-the-art and advanced concepts. The state-of-the-art section reviews, in handbook form, the fire and explosion protection techniques currently available for immediate aircraft incorporation. These fire protection techniques include open celled flexible foam, closed cell rigid foam, purge mats, and fire extinguishing systems. Both fully packed and voided reticulated foam, nitrogen inerting, fuel fogging, and extinguisher type explosion suppression systems are discussed under the heading of explosion protection techniques. The advanced explosion protection technique section includes descriptions of on-board nitrogen generating concepts and combination systems of foam/nitrogen/fuel-air fog. In addition, the data and results from a small scale test program evaluating the combination type protection concepts is presented.
Download or read book Integrated Aircraft Fuel Tank Fire and Explosion Protection Systems written by McDonnell Aircraft Company and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Integrated Aircraft Fuel Tank Inerting and Compartment Fire Suppression System Volume 2 Evaluation of Nitrogen Enriched Air as a Fire Suppressant written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aircraft onboard generation of nitrogen-enriched air (NEA) for fuel tank inerting offers significant advantages over the stored nitrogen concept currently in use. Additionally, the excess NEA generated in flight offers a potential fire extinguishing agent. To evaluate this potential, a small scale test apparatus was designed based on a survey of actual aircraft fires. Tow configurations, were used to simulate fires dominated by either forced convection or free convection. The fire types investigated were pool, spray, hot surface and combat damage. Test variables included air temperature, fuel type, fuel flow rate and surface temperature. Prior to developing conclusions on the effectiveness of NEA, verification tests were run using other common extinguishing agents (CO2, LN2, and Halon 1301). The quantity of agents required corresponded well with accepted levels based on previous tests. Several important findings were made. The data, presented in terms of volume percentage (air + extinguishant flow) of extinguishing agent required for fire knock-down, indicates the hot surface fire type to be the most severe. A volume concentration of 72% NEA9 (9% oxygen by volume) was found to be effective in knocking down the hot surface fire. While this concentration is high, when compared on weight basis, NEA compares favorably with other agents.
Download or read book Aviation Fuels with Improved Fire Safety written by Committee on Aviation Fuels with Improved Fire Safety and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-09-18 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reduction of the fire hazard of fuel is critical to improving survivability in impact-survivable aircraft accidents. Despite current fire prevention and mitigation approaches, fuel flammability can overwhelm post-crash fire scenarios. The Workshop on Aviation Fuels with Improved Fire Safety was held November 19-20, 1996 to review the current state of development, technological needs, and promising technology for the future development of aviation fuels that are most resistant to ignition during a crash. This book contains a summary of workshop discussions and 11 presented papers in the areas of fuel and additive technologies, aircraft fuel system requirements, and the characterization of fuel fires.
Download or read book Development of High Temperature Fire and Explosive Suppression Systems written by Joseph P. Gillis and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A program was conducted to develop and evaluate an aircraft chemical extinguishant fire and explosion suppression system for use in high ambient temperature areas of aircraft. System performance was investigated in simulated aircraft fuel tanks of 100, 500 and 1000 gallons capacity. The combustibles used to create the fires and explosions were JP-4 and JP-5 fuels. The ignition sources utilized were small arms ammunition and electric sparks. Suppression system components have been subjected to qualification tests. A functioning system was subjected to a fuel slosh test and agent distribution test in a 67 gallon cylindrical tank. The system developed can substantially reduce the explosion hazard potential associated with the penetration of incendiary projectiles into the flammable ullage volume of aircraft fuel tanks. (Author).
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aircraft Fuel Cell Explosion Suppression Systems and Their Applicability to Army Aircraft written by George H. Custard and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study covered by this report has focused attention upon the potential means of protecting the vapor spaces of Army aircraft fuel systems from the threat of fire and explosions caused by incendiary ammunition hits. As a means of implementing and quantifying passive defense data, the fuel containment of 16 models of Army aircraft has been studied and their capacity, location, shape, surface area, empty weight, and tank material determined. These data have been used in conjunction with the parameters of the potential vapor space protection techniques to provide estimates of the weight penalties and dollar costs associated with the passive defense measures applied to the aircraft of interest. Data relative to the fuel systems of the following aircraft are presented: UH-1B, UH-1D, U-1A, U-6A, U-8D, U-8F, OH-6, OH-13, 01-F, OV-1A, OV-1B, OV-1C, CH-34, CH-37, CH-47, and CH-54. The passive defense measures which have been reviewed and considered by the study include: inert gas purging, fire detection and suppression by chemical means, collapsible internal tank bladders, reticulated foam tank fillers, and the direct addition of halocarbons to fuel.
Download or read book Evaluation of Explosafe Explosion Suppression System for Aircraft Fuel Tank Protection written by Air Force Wright Aeronautical Laboratories. Aero Propulsion Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Fire and Explosion Protection Engineering Principles for Oil Gas Chemical and Related Facilities written by Dennis P. Nolan and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2018-10-11 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Fire and Explosion Protection Engineering Principles for the Oil, Gas, Chemical, and Related Facilities, Fourth Edition, discusses high-level risk analysis and advanced technical considerations, such as process control, emergency shut-downs, and evaluation procedures. As more engineers and managers are adopting risk-based approaches to minimize risk, maximize profits, and keep operations running smoothly, this reference encompasses all the critical equipment and standards necessary for the process industries, including oil and gas. Updated with new information covering fire and explosion resistant systems, drainage systems, and human factors, this book delivers the equipment standards needed to protect today’s petrochemical assets and facilities. Provides tactics on how to revise and upgrade company policies to support safer designs and equipment Helps readers understand the latest in fire suppression and explosion risks for a process plant in a single source Updates on how to evaluate concerns, thus helping engineers and managers process operating requests and estimate practical cost benefit factors
Download or read book Investigation of Aircraft Chemical Extinguishant Fire and Explosion Suppression Systems written by Joseph P. Gillis and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effectiveness of an aircraft chemical extinguishant fire and explosion suppression system was evaluated in a simulated aircraft dry bay volume, a simulated aircraft fuel tank and a C-130 aircraft inboard main tank. The combustibles used to create the fires and explosions were butane, JP-4 and JP-5. The ignition sources utilized were small arms fire, electric spark and a hot surface. Suppression system components were subjected to a fuel slosh test and a flight test. Tests were conducted to determine the extinguishant distribution characteristics of the system in the C-130 aircraft fuel tank. (Author).
Download or read book Analysis of Aircraft Fuel Tank Fire and Explosion Hazards written by Thomas C. Kosvic and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under simulated flight environments, fuel/air ratios at various locations of the ullage space were determined using in-line gas chromatograph measurement. Using the shallow tank experimental data showed that during ascent and cruise portion of the flight profile, uniform fuel/air mixtures were found to exist within the entire ullage volume. Significant fuel/air gradients existed during the descent portion of the flight profile, with mainly air near the vent inlet. Evaporation lag was observed during ascent and level flight when liquid Jet A fuel was maintained at 80 degree F. When the liquid fuel temperature was increased to 120F, evaporation rate was found to be rapid enough that the evaporative lag phenomena was no longer observed. By vibrating the fuel tank, it greatly increased the rate of off-gassing of dissolved air in the liquid fuel. This in turn significantly changed the fuel/air ratio in the ullage space. Two separate and complementary models were developed to predict fuel/air concentrations within the ullage.
Download or read book Investigation of Aircraft Fuel Tank Explosions and Nitrogen Inerting Requirements During Ground Fires written by Richard Hill and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen inerting was investigated as a means of preventing or minimizing explosions and/or reactions in aircraft fuel tanks under simulated crash-fire conditions. Tests were conducted on both small and large volume tanks, inerted to various concentrations (expressed in terms of O2 concentration by volume), containing different amounts of Jet-A or JP-4 fuel and heated at different rates. Results of these tests indicated that internal fire or explosion would not result from external heating or internal high-energy spark when the tank was inerted to an oxygen concentration lower than 10 percent. (Author) Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
Download or read book Examination of a Fibrous Flame Suppressant for Explosion Protection of Aircraft Fuel Tanks written by P.F. Jowitt and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Vulnerability Methodology and Protective Measures for Aircraft Fire and Explosion Hazards Volume 1 Executive Summary written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes the research conducted by the contractor on airplane engine compartment and fuel tank fire safety research. The value of ground testing, using the Aircraft Engine Nacelle (AEN) and the Simulated Aircraft Fuel Tank Environment (SAFTE) facilities, was clearly evident as the testing proceeded. Extinguishant tests of simulated nacelle fires indicated that current criteria for extinguishant concentration and duration were more than adequate for intact nacelles inert gas generator systems (OBIGGS) revealed that both the permeable membrane and molecular sieve adequately inerted the test fuel tank. However, some minor operational difficulties were experienced with both test units which would have to be corrected prior to producing flight hardware. Keywords: Engine fires; Fuel fires, Fire protection; Inerting; OBIGGS; Halon; Nitrogen enriched air.
Download or read book Evaluation of Explosafe Explosion Suppression System for Aircraft Fuel Tank Protection written by Air Force Wright Aeronautical Laboratories. Aero Propulsion Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Study of Helicopter Crash resistant Fuel Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
