Download or read book Int gration et mod lisation de connaissances linguistiques pour la reconnaissance d criture manuscrite en ligne written by Sabine Carbonnel and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: LA RECONNAISSANCE D'ECRITURE MANUSCRITE EST UN PROBLEME DIFFICILE QUI NE PEUT SE REDUIRE A LA RECONNAISSANCE DE FORMES GRAPHIQUES : IL EST PRIMORDIAL D'INTEGRER DES CONNAISSANCES LINGUISTIQUES POUR GUIDER LA RECONNAISSANCE. LES OBJECTIFS DE NOS TRAVAUX SONT D'INTEGRER DES CONNAISSANCES LEXICALES POUR AMELIORER UN SYSTEME DE RECONNAISSANCE DE MOTS MANUSCRITS EN-LIGNE TOUT EN TENANT COMPTE DE CONTRAINTES (TEMPS DE CALCUL ET ENCOMBREMENT MEMOIRE) EN VUE DU PORTAGE DU SYSTEME SUR DES MATERIELS A CAPACITES REDUITES. NOUS PROPOSONS UN TRAITEMENT LEXICAL BASE SUR UN MODELE DE LANGAGE DE N-GRAMMES DE CARACTERES, UNE MODELISATION POUR REDUIRE L'ESPACE DES RECHERCHES DANS UN LEXIQUE AINSI QU'UNE MODELISATION AUTOMATIQUE D'UNE DISTANCE D'EDITION SPECIFIQUE A L'ECRITURE. CES MODELISATIONS AMELIORENT LE SYSTEME DE RECONNAISSANCE SUR LEQUEL SE BASENT NOS TRAVAUX, LIMITENT LA DUREE DU TRAITEMENT LEXICAL ET SONT DE PLUS FACILEMENT ADAPTABLES AUX EVOLUTIONS DU SYSTEME ET AU CONTEXTE D'UTILISATION. .
Download or read book Int gration de connaissances linguistiques pour la reconnaissance de textes manuscrits en ligne written by Solen Quiniou and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L’objectif de ces travaux de thèse est de construire un système de reconnaissance de phrases, en se basant sur un système de reconnaissance de mots existant. Pour cela, deux axes de recherche sont abordés : la segmentation des phrases en mots ainsi que l'intégration de connaissances linguistiques pour prendre en compte le contexte des phrases. Nous avons étudié plusieurs types de modèles de langage statistiques, en comparant leurs impacts respectifs sur les performances du système de reconnaissance. Nous avons également recherché la meilleure stratégie pour les intégrer efficacement dans le systeme de reconnaissance global. Une des orginalités de cette étude est l'ajout d'une représentation des différentes hypothèses de phrases sous forme d'un réseau de confusion, afin de pouvoir détecter et corriger les erreurs de reconnaissance restantes. L'utilisation des technique présentées permet de réduire de façon importante le nombre d'erreurs de reconnaissance, parmi les mots des phrases.
Download or read book Mod lisation du langage naturel appliqu e la reconnaissance de l criture manuscrite en ligne written by Freddy Perraud and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L'évolution de la société de l'Information avec les concepts d'ubiquité, de nomadisme, d'accès à l'information sans discontinuer, en tous lieux et en tous temps, et si possible avec le minimum d'efforts pour l'utilisateur impose de repenser les interfaces de communication. En effet, dans ces situations, la plupart du temps, le clavier n'apporte pas les solutions de confort attendu. L'utilisation de commandes gestuelles, et en particulier de l'écriture manuscrite, se révèle être aujourd'hui une alternative crédible pour ces nouveaux systèmes communicants (assistant numérique, ardoise électronique, etc.). Les performances des systèmes de reconnaissance actuels sont encore bien inférieures à celles de l'humain notamment dans la prise en compte d'informations contextuelles d'ordre linguistique. Les travaux que nous présentons dans ce manuscrit s'inscrivent dans un cadre industriel (CIFRE) et visent à améliorer le système de reconnaissance de l'écriture manuscrite nommé MyScript Builder, développé par la société Vision Objects. Dans un tel système, la prise en compte des propriétés du langage constitue un élément clé. C'est l'objectif central de ce travail pour lequel encore peu de contributions sont disponibles. Nous avons cherché à concevoir, développer et tester des modèles de langage les plus efficaces possibles pour un système de reconnaissance de l'écriture manuscrite en-ligne. Plusieurs types de contraintes étaient à satisfaire. En articulier, il fallait veiller au compromis taille/performance, mais aussi envisager la portabilité de la méthode afin de pouvoir la généraliser à différentes langues. Ainsi, nous avons privilégié une approche probabiliste basée sur des n-classes pour traiter les langues naturelles. Nous avons expérimenté de nombreuses techniques de classification basées sur différentes méthodes d'exploration de l'espace de recherche et se basant sur un critère de nature contextuelle ou syntaxique. Par ailleurs, des modèles structurels appelés lexiques d'expressions, ont été étudiés pour traiter des entités linguistiques spécifiques. Ces modèles ont fait l'objet d'expérimentations poussées pour évaluer les améliorations apportées au système de reconnaissance MyScript Builder. Sur des phrases appartenant à 13 langues différentes, le taux d'erreur a été diminué de 30 %en moyenne à l'aide de modèles n-classes par rapport à une version ne comportant qu'un simple lexique. Les lexiques d'expressions s'avèrent particulièrement performants puisque le nombre d'erreurs de reconnaissance est réduit de moitié.
Download or read book MODELISATION ET RECONNAISSANCE PAR LA LOGIQUE FLOUE written by ERIC.. ANQUETIL and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DANS LE CADRE GENERAL DES RECHERCHES PORTANT SUR LA COMMUNICATION OU L'INTERACTION ENTRE L'HOMME ET LA MACHINE (HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION), LA LECTURE AUTOMATIQUE DE L'ECRITURE MANUSCRITE CONSTITUE UNE NOUVELLE MODALITE D'INTERACTION POSSIBLE, QUI OFFRE A L'HOMME, NOTAMMENT AVEC L'APPARITION DES INTERFACES ORIENTEES STYLO, UN ENVIRONNEMENT DE DIALOGUE COHERENT, ERGONOMIQUE ET INTUITIF. POUR ENVISAGER DES APPLICATIONS REELLEMENT UTILISABLES, IL EST NECESSAIRE DE DEVELOPPER DES SYSTEMES DE RECONNAISSANCE D'ECRITURE AUX PERFORMANCES TRES PROCHES DE CELLES DE L'HOMME. OR, SI LA LECTURE APPARAIT COMME ETANT UNE ACTIVITE COURANTE ET NATURELLE POUR L'HOMME, LES MECANISMES MIS EN JEU (PERCEPTION VISUELLE, REPRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION MULTI-CONTEXTUELLE, ETC.) S'AVERENT TRES COMPLEXES A MODELISER. LA RECONNAISSANCE DE L'ECRITURE MANUSCRITE CONSTITUE PAR CONSEQUENT UN PROBLEME DE RECONNAISSANCE DES FORMES DIFFICILE QUI FAIT AUJOURD'HUI L'OBJET DE RECHERCHES TRES ACTIVES. NOUS PROPOSONS DANS CETTE THESE UNE NOUVELLE APPROCHE BASEE SUR LES CONCEPTS DE LA THEORIE DE LA LOGIQUE FLOUE POUR ABORDER LA MODELISATION ET L'ANALYSE DE L'ECRITURE MANUSCRITE. CETTE APPROCHE A ETE MISE EN OEUVRE POUR DEVELOPPER UN SYSTEME DE RECONNAISSANCE EN-LIGNE, OMNI-SCRIPTEUR, DE LETTRES ET DE MOTS MANUSCRITS. LE SYSTEME DEVELOPPE REPOSE SUR LA CONCEPTION D'UNE METHODOLOGIE DE MODELISATION EXPLICITE BASEE SUR LA GENERATION AUTOMATIQUE DE SYSTEMES D'INFERENCE FLOUE A PARTIR DE DONNEES D'APPRENTISSAGE. LA METHODOLOGIE PROPOSEE EST NOTAMMENT FONDEE SUR LES CONCEPTS DE LA CLASSIFICATION POSSIBILISTE, UTILISEE POUR MODELISER LES PROPRIETES LES PLUS PERTINENTES ASSOCIEES A UNE CLASSE. CHAQUE CLASSE DE LETTRES EST AINSI MODELISEE DE MANIERE INTRINSEQUE PAR UNE REPRESENTATION QUALITATIVE (THEORIE DES SOUS-ENSEMBLES FLOUS) OU LES CONNAISSANCES SONT STRUCTUREES ET HIERARCHISEES D'APRES LEUR PERTINENCE. LA STRATEGIE D'ANALYSE DU TRACE DES MOTS MANUSCRITS PROPOSEE EST ALORS GUIDEE PAR LA STRUCTURE DES MODELES DE LETTRES GENERES. ELLE MET EN OEUVRE NOTAMMENT UNE APPROCHE CONSTRUCTIVE PROPOSEE POUR FAIRE FACE AU PROBLEME DE LA SEGMENTATION DU TRACE DES MOTS EN LETTRES. ENFIN, LE PROCESSUS DE DECISION ASSOCIE A LA PHASE DE RECONNAISSANCE A ETE CONCU SUR LA BASE D'UNE FUSION COHERENTE DES CONNAISSANCES DEDUITES DE L'ANALYSE DU TRACE DU MOT ET DE LA RECONNAISSANCE DE SES DIFFERENTES LETTRES. LE SYSTEME DE RECONNAISSANCE D'ECRITURE MANUSCRITE OMNI-SCRIPTEUR PROPOSE, EST ALORS CAPABLE DE RECONNAITRE A LA FOIS DES MOTS OU DES LETTRES ISOLEES.
Download or read book Narratives of fear and safety written by Kaisa Kaukiainen and published by BoD - Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-09-01 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essays in this edited volume, written in English and French, tackle the intriguing problems of fear and safety by analysing their various meanings and manifestations in literature and other narrative media. The articles bring forth new, cross-cultural interpretations on fear and safety through examining what kinds of genre-specific means of world-making narratives use to express these two affectivities. The articles also show how important it is to study these themes in order to understand challenges in times of global threats, such as the climate crisis. The main themes of the book are approached from various theoretical perspectives as related to their literary and cultural representations. Recent trends in research, such as affect and risk theory, serve as the basis for the discussion. The articles in the volume also draw from disciplines such as gender studies and trauma studies to examine the threats posed by collective fears and aggression on individuals' lives and propose ways of coping with fear. These themes are addressed also in articles analysing new adaptations of old myths that retell stories of the past. Many of the articles in the volume discuss apocalyptic and dystopian narratives that currently permeate the entire cultural landscape. Dystopian narratives do not only deal with future threats, such as totalitarianism, technocracy, or environmental disasters, but also suggest alternative ways of being and new hopes in the form of political resistance.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Egyptian Epigraphy and Palaeography written by Vanessa Davies and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020-03-13 with total page 721 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The unique relationship between word and image in ancient Egypt is a defining feature of that ancient culture's records. All hieroglyphic texts are composed of images, and large-scale figural imagery in temples and tombs is often accompanied by texts. Epigraphy and palaeography are two distinct, but closely related, ways of recording, analyzing, and interpreting texts and images. This Handbook stresses technical issues about recording text and art and interpretive questions about what we do with those records and why we do it. It offers readers three key things: a diachronic perspective, covering all ancient Egyptian scripts from prehistoric Egypt through the Coptic era (fourth millennium BCE-first half of first millennium CE), a look at recording techniques that considers the past, present, and future, and a focus on the experiences of colleagues. The diachronic perspective illustrates the range of techniques used to record different phases of writing in different media. The consideration of past, present, and future techniques allows readers to understand and assess why epigraphy and palaeography is or was done in a particular manner by linking the aims of a particular effort with the technique chosen to reach those aims. The choice of techniques is a matter of goals and the records' work circumstances, an inevitable consequence of epigraphy being a double projection: geometrical, transcribing in two dimensions an object that exists physically in three; and mental, an interpretation, with an inevitable selection among the object's defining characteristics. The experiences of colleagues provide a range of perspectives and opinions about issues such as techniques of recording, challenges faced in the field, and ways of reading and interpreting text and image. These accounts are interesting and instructive stories of innovation in the face of scientific conundrum.
Download or read book Interaction and Market Structure written by Domenico Delli Gatti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-03-27 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of essays which examine how the properties of aggregate variables are influenced by the actions and interactions of heterogenous individuals in different economic contexts. The common denominator of the essays is a critique of the representative agent hypothesis. If this hypothesis were correct, the behaviour of the aggregate variable would simply be the reproduction of individual optimising behaviour. In the methodology of the hard sciences, one of the achievements of the quantum revolution has been the rebuttal of the notion that aggregate behaviour can be explained on the basis of the behaviour of a single unit: the elementary particle does not even exist as a single entity but as a network, a system of interacting units. In this book, new tracks in economics which parallel the developments in physics mentioned above are explored. The essays, in fact are contributions to the analysis of the economy as a complex evolving system of interacting agents.
Download or read book Literary Translation in Periodicals written by Laura Fólica and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2020-12-10 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While translation history, literary translation, and periodical publications have been extensively analyzed within the fields of Translation Studies, Comparative Literature, and Communication Sciences, the relationship between these three topics remains underexplored. Literary Translation in Periodicals argues that there is a pressing need for an analytical focus on translation in periodicals, a collaborative network of researchers, and a transnational and interdisciplinary approach. The book pursues two goals: (1) to highlight the innovative theoretical and methodological issues intrinsic to analyzing literary translation in periodical publications on a small and large scale, and (2) to contribute to a developing field by providing several case studies on translation in periodicals over a wide range of areas and periods (Europe, Latin America, and Asia in the 19th and 20th centuries) that go beyond the more traditional focus on national and European periodicals and translations. Combining qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis, as well as hermeneutical and sociological approaches, this book reviews conceptual and methodological tools and proposes innovative techniques, such as social network analysis, big data, and large-scale analysis, for tracing the history and evolution of literary translation in periodical publications.
Download or read book Before We Visit the Goddess written by Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2017-04-25 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A new novel from the author of Oleander Girl, a novel in stories, built around crucial moments in the lives of 3 generations of women in an Indian/Indian-American Family"--
Download or read book Texts Languages and Information Technology in Egyptology written by Stéphane Polis and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume represents the outcome of the meeting of the Computer Working Group of the International Association of Egyptologists (Informatique & Égyptologie) held in Liège in 2010 (6-8 July) under the auspices of the Ramses Project. The papers are based on presentations given during this meeting and have been selected in order to cover three main thematic areas of research at the intersection of Egyptology and Information Technology: (1) the construction, management and use of Ancient Egyptian annotated corpora; (2) the problems linked to hieroglyphic encoding; (3) the development of databases in the fields of art history, philology and prosopography. The contributions offer an up-to-date state of the art, discuss the most promising avenues for future research, developments and implementation, and suggest solutions to longstanding issues in the field. Two general trends characterize the projects laid out here: the desire for online accessibility made available to the widest possible audience; and the search for standardization and interoperability.
Download or read book Unspeakable Sentences Routledge Revivals written by Ann Banfield and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-07-17 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1982, this title grew from a series of essays on various aspects of narrative style; the result is a finished product that melds literary theory with linguistic methodology. It is argued that, where linguistic theory intersects with literary theory, it is narrative that provides the crucial ‘experiment’ for deciding between a communication and a non-communication theory of language and, by extension, of literature. Chapters discuss such areas as subjectivity in direct and indirect speech, the absence of the narrator, and the development of narrative style. With a detailed introduction to the subject, this reissue will be of value to students of linguistics and literature with a particular interest in narrative style and linguistic theory.
Download or read book Mathematics Education and History written by Kathleen M. Clark and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-30 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book includes 18 peer-reviewed papers from nine countries, originally presented in a shorter form at TSG 25 The Role of History of Mathematics in Mathematics Education, as part of ICME-13 during. It also features an introductory chapter, by its co-editors, on the structure and main points of the book with an outline of recent developments in exploring the role of history and epistemology in mathematics education. It serves as a valuable contribution in this domain, by making reports on recent developments in this field available to the international educational community, with a special focus on relevant research results since 2000. The 18 chapters of the book are divided into five interrelated parts that underlie the central issues of research in this domain: 1. Theoretical and conceptual frameworks for integrating history and epistemology in mathematics in mathematics education; 2. Courses and didactical material: Design, implementation and evaluation; 3. Empirical investigations on implementing history and epistemology in mathematics education; 4. Original historical sources in teaching and learning of and about mathematics; 5. History and epistemology of mathematics: Interdisciplinary teaching and sociocultural aspects. This book covers all levels of education, from primary school to tertiary education, with a particular focus on teacher education. Additionally, each chapter refers to and/or is based on empirical research, in order to support, illuminate, clarify and evaluate key issues, main questions, and conjectured theses raised by the authors or in the literature on the basis of historical-epistemological or didactical-cognitive arguments.
Download or read book Complexity Theory and the Philosophy of Education written by Mark Mason and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-02-23 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of scholarly essays, Complexity Theory and thePhilosophy of Education provides an accessible theoreticalintroduction to the topic of complexity theory while consideringits broader implications for educational change. Explains the contributions of complexity theory to philosophyof education, curriculum, and educational research Brings together new research by an international team ofcontributors Debates issues ranging from the culture of curriculum, to theimplications of work of key philosophers such as Foucault and JohnDewey for educational change Demonstrates how social scientists and social and educationpolicy makers are drawing on complexity theory to answer questionssuch as: why is it that education decision-makers are so resistantto change; how does change in education happen; and what does ittake to make these changes sustainable? Considers changes in use of complexity theory; developedprincipally in the fields of physics, biology, chemistry, andeconomics, and now being applied more broadly to the socialsciences and to the study of education
Download or read book Smaller Quicker Cheaper written by Daniel A. Wagner and published by United Nations Education, Scientific & Cultural Organization. This book was released on 2011 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effective use of educational assessments is fundamental to improving learning. However, effective use does not refer only to the technical parameters or statistical methodologies. Learning assessments in use todaywhether large-scale or household surveys or hybrid (smaller, quicker, cheaper or SQC)have varied uses and purposes. The present volume provides a review of learning assessments, their status in terms of the empirical knowledge base, and some new ideas for improving their effectiveness, particularly for those children most in need. It is argued here that SQC learning assessments have the potential to enhance educational accountability, increase transparency, and support a greater engagement of stakeholders with an interest in improving learning. In addition, countries need a sustained policy to guide assessment choices, including a focus on poor and marginalized populations.
Download or read book A Unified Theory of Syntactic Categories written by Joseph E. Emonds and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2015-07-24 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The architecture of the human language faculty has been one of the main foci of the linguistic research of the last half century. This branch of linguistics, broadly known as Generative Grammar, is concerned with the formulation of explanatory formal accounts of linguistic phenomena with the ulterior goal of gaining insight into the properties of the 'language organ'. The series comprises high quality monographs and collected volumes that address such issues. The topics in this series range from phonology to semantics, from syntax to information structure, from mathematical linguistics to studies of the lexicon.
Download or read book Best of the Grapevine written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comparing the Incomparable written by Marcel Detienne and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A deliberately post-deconstructionist manifesto against the dangers of incommensurability, Marcel Detienne's book argues for and engages in the constructive comparison of societies of a great temporal and spatial diversity.
