Download or read book Impacts of Labor Market Institutions and Demographic Factors on Labor Markets in Latin America written by Adriana D. Kugler and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-07-17 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper documents recent labor market performance in the Latin American region. The paper shows that unemployment, informality, and inequality have been falling over the past two decades, though still remain high. By contrast, productivity has remained stubbornly low. The paper, then, turns to the potential impacts of various labor market institutions, including employment protection legislation (EPL), minimum wages (MW), payroll taxes, unemployment insurance (UI) and collective bargaining, as well as the impacts of demographic changes on labor market performance. The paper relies on evidence from carefully conducted studies based on micro-data for countries in the region and for other countries with similar income levels to draw conclusions on the impact of labor market institutions and demographic factors on unemployment, informality, inequality and productivity. The decreases in unemployment and informality can be partly explained by the reduced strictness of EPL and payroll taxes, but also by the increased shares of more educated and older workers. By contrast, the fall in inequality starting in 2002 can be explained by a combination of binding MW throughout most of the region and, to a lesser extent, by the introduction of UI systems in some countries and the role of unions in countries with moderate unionization rates. Falling inequality can also be explained by the fall in the returns to skill associated with increased share of more educated and older workers.
Download or read book Manufacturing Matters written by Stephen S. Cohen and published by New York : Basic Books. This book was released on 1987-06-03 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Institutional Frameworks and Labor Market Performance written by Friedrich Buttler and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-08-17 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Institutional Frameworks and Labor Market Performance produces an in-depth analysis of the functioning of various labor market institutions in both the USA and Germany. Particular emphasis is given to the substantial differences between the US and Germany in the ways important areas are regulated. The authors show that the impact of institutions on economic performance is ambivalent. They argue that in this sense, the decision is not one between regulation and deregulation but rather one between different degrees and forms of regulation.
Download or read book NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2018 written by Martin Eichenbaum and published by University of Chicago Press Journals. This book was released on 2019-08-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains six studies on current topics in macroeconomics. The first shows that while assuming rational expectations is unrealistic, a finite-horizon forward planning model can yield results similar to those of a rational expectations equilibrium. The second explores the aggregate risk of the U.S. financial sector, and in particular whether it is safer now than before the 2008 financial crisis. The third analyzes “factorless income,” output that is not measured as capital or labor income. Next, a study argues that the financial crisis increased the perceived risk of a very bad economic and financial outcome, and explores the propagation of large, rare shocks. The next paper documents the substantial recent changes in the manufacturing sector and the decline in employment among prime-aged Americans since 2000. The last paper analyzes the dynamic macroeconomic effects of border adjustment taxes.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Employment Relations written by Adrian Wilkinson and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2014-03-13 with total page 785 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There have been numerous accounts exploring the relationship between institutions and firm practices. However, much of this literature tends to be located into distinct theoretical-traditional 'silos', such as national business systems, social systems of production, regulation theory, or varieties of capitalism, with limited dialogue between different approaches to enhance understanding of institutional effects. Again, evaluations of the relationship between institutions and employment relations have tended to be of the broad-brushstroke nature, often founded on macro-data, and with only limited attention being accorded to internal diversity and details of actual practice. The Handbook aims to fill this gap by bringing together an assembly of comprehensive and high quality chapters to enable understanding of changes in employment relations since the early 1970s. Theoretically-based chapters attempt to link varieties of capitalism, business systems, and different modes of regulation to the specific practice of employment relations, and offer a truly comparative treatment of the subject, providing frameworks and empirical evidence for understanding trends in employment relations in different parts of the world. Most notably, the Handbook seeks to incorporate at a theoretical level regulationist accounts and recent work that link bounded internal systemic diversity with change, and, at an applied level, a greater emphasis on recent applied evidence, specifically dealing with the employment contract, its implementation, and related questions of work organization. It will be useful to academics and students of industrial relations, political economy, and management.
Download or read book The New Old Economy written by Josh Whitford and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2005-11-03 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Josh Whitford examines the issues behind the crisis in American manufacturing, and describes the massive restructuring that has occured over the last quarter of a century. He engages with theoretical literatures concerned with the Network Organization and Institutional Analysis.
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Download or read book Organizational Innovation written by Gerald Hage and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-20 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published in 1998. In the past year the 300 largest global companies increased their research budgets by an average of 12 per cent. Governments now measure how technologically advanced they are as they worry about their trade balances and unemployment. Many public sector organizations, for example hospitals, universities and welfare agencies, are struggling to keep up with the rate of technological progress. The selections in this book provide a number of insights on how private firms can be more innovative and public sector organizations can keep up with rapid technological change. They emphasize both radical and incremental innovations and both product and process innovation. In particular the advanced manufacturing technologies so central to Piore and Sabel’s ’Second Industrial Divide’ receive a great deal of attention. Finally, the consequences of innovation are the focus of the last section.
Download or read book Multinationals Institutions and the Construction of Transnational Practices written by Anthony Ferner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-03-15 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text considers how multinationals transfer structures, policies and practices across national borders. It is contributed to by experts in the field of employment relations, and combines empirical material with a theoretical approach. The essays advance comparative institutionalist theory at both the macro-level and the micro-level.
Download or read book Global Entrepreneurship Institutions and Incentives written by Zoltán J. Ács and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2015-12-18 with total page 669 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents some of Zoltán J. Ács’ most important contributions since the turn of the new millennium, with a particular intellectual focus on knowledge spillover entrepreneurship. It studies the evolution of global entrepreneurship and pays attention to the role of institutions and the incentives they create for economic agents who become either productive or unproductive entrepreneurs. For productive entrepreneurs, those that create wealth for themselves and for society, the author offers a knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship as a new way to help understand the entrepreneurial ecosystem. For those that create wealth only for themselves the author develops a theory of destructive entrepreneurship that undermines the entrepreneurial ecosystem. The book also presents an explanation of the role of philanthropy in reconstituting wealth to complete the circuits of capital in the theory of capitalist development. Finally, the author examines several public policy issues including immigration and technology transfer. This volume will be required reading for students and scholars of entrepreneurship, economics and public policy.
Download or read book Research and Development a 16 year Compendium 1963 78 written by United States. Employment and Training Administration and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: USA. Directory, research and development in labour market, vocational training, employment, etc., 1963 to 1978.
Download or read book Research and Development Projects written by United States. Employment and Training Administration and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 922 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Routledge Library Editions British Sociological Association written by Various and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-07-14 with total page 6012 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volumes in this set, originally published between 1969 and 2001, is comprised of original books published in conjunction with the British Sociological Association. The set draws together original research by leading academics based on study groups and conference papers, in the areas of youth, race, the sociology of work, gender, social research, urban studies, class, deviance and social control, law, development, and health. Each volume provides a rigorous examination of related key issues. This set will be of particular interest to students and academics in the field of sociology, health and social care, gender studies and criminology respectively.
Download or read book Income Inequality and Employment written by Mary Fish and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research and Development Projects written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research Evaluation and Demonstration Projects written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Political Economy of Employment Relations written by Aslihan Aykac and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-07-22 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Employment has changed dramatically in the last few decades with the onset of neoliberal globalization. This change has become the objective of inquiry from different perspectives, such as development studies, labour economics or industrial relations, focusing on different units of analysis. The Political Economy of Employment Relations provides an exceptional contribution to existing literature by presenting alternative theory and practice on employment relations. It is within this critical theoretical intervention that solidarity economies emerge as a unique theoretical construct as well as a unit of analysis to expose the alternative paths that employment relations may resort to against the contemporary challenges of neoliberal globalization. This book analyses globalization, global economic crisis, and issues of work and labour from the point of view of the developing world, presenting local case studies from countries including the USA, India, Spain and Greece, and outlining alternative approaches to global challenges. This volume has relevance to those with an interest in industrial relations, sociology of work and occupations, labour economics and development economics.
