Download or read book Density Waves In Solids written by George Gruner and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-03-08 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ?Density Waves in Solids is written for graduate students and scientists interested in solid-state sciences. It discusses the theoretical and experimental state of affairs of two novel types of broken symmetry ground states of metals, charge, and spin density waves. These states arise as the consequence of electron-phonon and electron-electron interactions in low-dimensional metals.Some fundamental aspects of the one-dimensional electron gas, and of the materials with anisotropic properties, are discussed first. This is followed by the mean field theory of the phases transitions?discussed using second quantized formalism?together with the various experimental observations on the transition and on the ground states. Fluctuation effects and the collective excitations are reviewed next, using the Ginzburg-Landau formalism, followed by the review of the interaction of these states with the underlying lattice and with impurities. The final chapters are devoted to the response of the ground states to external perturbations.

Download or read book Density by Design written by Steven Fader and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the design and development of 14 denser than typical projects that range from single-family subdivisions to downtown high-rise apartments, illustrating new urbanism, transit-oriented development, mixed-income and mixed-use housing types, urban infill, and adaptive use.

Download or read book Density Functional Methods In Physics written by Reiner M. Dreizler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Primer in Density Functional Theory written by Carlos Fiolhais and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-01-11 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Density functional theory (DFT) is by now a well-established method for tackling the quantum mechanics of many-body systems. Originally applied to compute properties of atoms and simple molecules, DFT has quickly become a work horse for more complex applications in the chemical and materials sciences. The present set of lectures, spanning the whole range from basic principles to relativistic and time-dependent extensions of the theory, is the ideal introduction for graduate students or nonspecialist researchers wishing to familiarize themselves with both the basic and most advanced techniques in this field.

Download or read book Density Functional Methods in Chemistry written by Jan K. Labanowski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Predicting molecular structure and energy and explaining the nature of bonding are central goals in quantum chemistry. With this book, the editors assert that the density functional (DF) method satisfies these goals and has come into its own as an advanced method of computational chemistry. The wealth of applications presented in the book, ranging from solid state sys tems and polymers to organic and organo-metallic molecules, metallic clus ters, and biological complexes, prove that DF is becoming a widely used computational tool in chemistry. Progress in the methodology and its imple mentation documented by the contributions in this book demonstrate that DF calculations are both accurate and efficient. In fact, the results of DF calculations may pleasantly surprise many chem ists. Even the simplest approximation of DF, the local spin density method (LSD), yields molecular structures typical of ab initio correlated methods. The next level of theory, the nonlocal spin density method, predicts the energies of molecular processes within a few kcallmol or less. Like the Hartree-Fock (HF) and configuration interaction (CI) methods, the DF method is based only on fundamental physical constants. Therefore, it does not require semiempirical parameters and can be applied to any molecular system and to metallic phases. However, DF's greatest advantage is that it can be applied to much larger systems than those approachable by tradition al ab initio methods, especially when compared with correlated ab initio methods.

Download or read book Power Density written by Vaclav Smil and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2015-06-05 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first systematic, quantitative appraisal of power density, offering detailed reviews of power densities of renewable energy flows, fossil fuels, and all common energy uses. “There's no author whose books I look forward to more than Vaclav Smil.” —Bill Gates In this book, Vaclav Smil argues that power density is a key determinant of the nature and dynamics of energy systems. Any understanding of complex energy systems must rely on quantitative measures of many fundamental variables. Power density—the rate of energy flux per unit of area—is an important but largely overlooked measure. Smil provides the first systematic, quantitative appraisal of power density, offering detailed reviews of the power densities of renewable energy flows, fossil fuels, thermal electricity generation, and all common energy uses. Smil shows that careful quantification, critical appraisals, and revealing comparisons of power densities make possible a deeper understanding of the ways we harness, convert, and use energies. Conscientious assessment of power densities, he argues, proves particularly revealing when contrasting the fossil fuel–based energy system with renewable energy conversions. Smil explains that modern civilization has evolved as a direct expression of the high power densities of fossil fuel extraction. He argues that our inevitable (and desirable) move to new energy arrangements involving conversions of lower-density renewable energy sources will require our society—currently dominated by megacities and concentrated industrial production—to undergo a profound spatial restructuring of its energy system.

Download or read book Field Use of the Beach Erosion Board In place Sediment Density Probe written by and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Boots on the ground Troop Density in Contingency Operations written by John J. McGrath and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2006 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper clearly shows the immediate relevancy of historical study to current events. One of the most common criticisms of the U.S. plan to invade Iraq in 2003 is that too few troops were used. The argument often fails to satisfy anyone for there is no standard against which to judge. A figure of 20 troops per 1000 of the local population is often mentioned as the standard, but as McGrath shows, that figure was arrived at with some questionable assumptions. By analyzing seven military operations from the last 100 years, he arrives at an average number of military forces per 1000 of the population that have been employed in what would generally be considered successful military campaigns. He also points out a variety of important factors affecting those numbers-from geography to local forces employed to supplement soldiers on the battlefield, to the use of contractors-among others.

Download or read book Effects of Variations in Bulk Density on Coking Time written by John B. Gayle and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Emergent States in Photoinduced Charge Density Wave Transitions written by Alfred Zong and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-17 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book advances understanding of light-induced phase transitions and nonequilibrium orders that occur in a broken-symmetry system. Upon excitation with an intense laser pulse, materials can undergo a nonthermal transition through pathways different from those in equilibrium. The mechanism underlying these photoinduced phase transitions has long been researched, but many details in this ultrafast, non-adiabatic regime still remain to be clarified. The work in this book reveals new insights into this phenomena via investigation of photoinduced melting and recovery of charge density waves (CDWs). Using several time-resolved diffraction and spectroscopic techniques, the author shows that the light-induced melting of a CDW is characterized by dynamical slowing-down, while the restoration of the symmetry-breaking order features two distinct timescales: A fast recovery of the CDW amplitude is followed by a slower re-establishment of phase coherence, the latter of which is dictated by the presence of topological defects in the CDW. Furthermore, after the suppression of the original CDW by photoexcitation, a different, competing CDW transiently emerges, illustrating how a hidden order in equilibrium can be unleashed by a laser pulse. These insights into CDW systems may be carried over to other broken-symmetry states, such as superconductivity and magnetic ordering, bringing us one step closer towards manipulating phases of matter using a laser pulse.

Download or read book Competition density effects in a loblolly pine seedling stand written by William R. Harms and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Weight Density and Value as Factors in Freight Classification written by Beatrice Aitchison and published by . This book was released on 1946 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Temperature Pressure Density and Wind Measurements in the Stratosphere and Mesosphere written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Variations with Season and Latitude of Density Temperature and Composition in the Lower Thermosphere written by K. S. W. Champion and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysis of neutral density data has made it possible to extend curves of mean density as a function of latitude and season from 90 to 120 km. There is an approximate isopycnic point at 91 km. Above this point the density variations are reversed from what they are at 80 km. In other words, at 120 km the density in summer and at the tropics is lower than that in CIRA 1965 and in winter the density is higher. The density curves have been idealized near 120 km to join at one of three points. These correspond to typical summer and tropical conditions, winter conditions, and spring/autumn conditions. The summer density is 20 percent below that of the U.S. Standard, the winter density is 50 percent above the Standard and the spring/autumn density is 1 percent above the Standard. By application of appropriate theory the corresponding variations in temperature and mean molecular weight have been calculated. An unexpected result of the theory is the prediction of a seasonal variation of the mean molecular weight. Some of the data presented in the paper have been analyzed since the models were derived. These data have been found to be acceptably close to the models. (Author).

Download or read book Response of Western Larch to Changes in Stand Density and Structure written by Kenneth W. Seidel and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Recent Advances in Density Functional Methods written by Delano Pun Chong and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1995 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of all the different areas in computational chemistry, density functional theory (DFT) enjoys the most rapid development. Even at the level of the local density approximation (LDA), which is computationally less demanding, DFT can usually provide better answers than Hartree-Fock formalism for large systems such as clusters and solids. For atoms and molecules, the results from DFT often rival those obtained by ab initio quantum chemistry, partly because larger basis sets can be used. Such encouraging results have in turn stimulated workers to further investigate the formal theory as well as the computational methodology of DFT.This Part II expands on the methodology and applications of DFT. Some of the chapters report on the latest developments (since the publication of Part I in 1995), while others extend the applications to wider range of molecules and their environments. Together, this and other recent review volumes on DFT show that DFT provides an efficient and accurate alternative to traditional quantum chemical methods. Such demonstration should hopefully stimulate frutiful developments in formal theory, better exchange-correlation functionals, and linear scaling methodology.

Download or read book Diversity Density and Development of Early Vegetation in a Small Clear cut Environment written by Philip M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: