Download or read book Inorganic Polyphosphates in Eukaryotic Cells written by Tatiana Kulakovskaya and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-18 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book elucidates the role of inorganic polyphosphates in eukaryotic cells, from fungi and protozoa to human being. To date, there is plenty of evidence that these anionic biopolymers occurring in the cells of all living organisms, from bacteria to humans, perform numerous regulatory functions. The book describes the evolution of PolyPs, their role in lower eukaryotes and their involvement in various processes in the human organism, as well as its use in biomaterials such as bioactive glass and engineered bone tissue. The aim of this book is to summarize the data of the past decade on the functional role of inorganic polyphosphates in eukaryotes and discuss their biological role also in context of common human diseases. The book will provide a modern concept of the functional significance of these biopolymers, useful for researchers in cell biology, biochemistry, molecular biology and biomedicine alike.

Download or read book The Biochemistry of Inorganic Polyphosphates written by Igor S. Kulaev and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-01-28 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in a second edition, Biochemistry of Inorganic Polyphosphates fills the need for an exhaustive resource on inorganic polyphosphate metabolism. The authors describe the structure and properties of these compounds and presents a comparative analysis of the newest and traditional methods of their extraction from cells. Distribution of polyphosphates in organisms, their localization in cells and tissues is also described. Comprehensive presentation of inorganic polyphosphate metabolism Follows polyphosphates in cells of organisms from different stages of evolution Presents methods for the analysis and study of polyP-dependent enzymes Comprehensive information on genetics, metabolism and biotechnology of polyphosphates Textbook and reference work on all aspects of polyphosphates

Download or read book Inorganic Polyphosphates written by Heinz C. Schröder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inorganic polyphosphates - polymers of orthophosphate linked by high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds - have been found in apparently all forms of life, from bacteria, yeasts and fungi to higher plants and animals. These polymers, which had been neglected for a long time, have become a fascinating area of research in the last few years. This volume summarizes the present state of knowledge about the metabolism and function of inorganic polyphosphates. In addition, the methods to study these polymers as well as the biotechnological applications of inorganic polyphosphates are described. The 15 chapters of this volume, dealing with different aspects of polyphosphate research, are written by experts in the field. This book represents a valuable source of information not only for researchers working on this subject, but also for scientists interested in fundamental aspects of cell and energy metabolism.

Download or read book Inorganic Polyphosphates written by Werner E. G. Müller and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-13 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on the biomedical aspects of inorganic polyphosphates, a family of unique bio-inorganic polymers. In recent years, great advances have been made in understanding the development, metabolism, and physiological role of inorganic polyphosphates. These energy-rich polymers, which consist of long chains of phosphate units, are evolutionary old molecules. The acidocalcisomes, conserved organelles from bacteria to humans, as well as the mitochondria play a central role in polyphosphate production and storage. Polyphosphates have been assigned multiple functions, some of which are closely related to medically important processes, such as blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, energy metabolism, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, chaperon function, microvascularization, stress response, neurodegeneration and aging. The development of bioinspired polyphosphate particles, in combination with suitable hydrogel-forming polymers enabled the development of new strategies in regenerative medicine, in particular for hard and soft tissue repair, but also in drug delivery and antimicrobial defense. This book not only highlights the basic research in this area, but also discusses possible applications. Therefore, it appeals to scientists working in cell biology, biochemistry, and biomedicine and practicioners alike.

Download or read book Inorganic Polyphosphates Are Important for Cell Survival and Motility of Human Skin Keratinocytes and Play a Role in Wound Healing written by Dean Rosenthal and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is a simple ancient polymer of linear chains of orthophosphate residues linked by high energy phospho-anhydride bonds ubiquitously found in all organisms. Despite its structural simplicity, it plays diverse functional roles. polyP is involved in myriad of processes including serving as microbial phosphagens, buffer against alkalis, Ca2+ storage, metal-chelating agents, pathogen virulence, cell viability and proliferation, structural component and chemical chaperones, and in the microbial stress response. In mammalian cells, polyP has been implicated in blood coagulation, inflammation, bone differentiation, cell bioenergetics, signal transduction, Ca2+-signaling, neuronal excitability, as a protein-stabilizing scaffold, and in wound healing, among others. This chapter will discuss (1) polyP metabolism and roles of polyP in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, (2) the contribution of polyP to survival, cell proliferation, and motility involved in wound healing in human skin keratinocytes, (3) the use of polyP-containing platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to promote wound healing in acute and chronic wounds, including burns, and (4) the use of polyP-containing PRP in excisional wound models to promote faster healing. While polyP shows promise as a therapeutic agent to accelerate healing for acute and chronic wounds, the molecular mechanisms as a potent modulator of the wound healing process remain to be elucidated.

Download or read book Inclusions in Prokaryotes written by Jessup M. Shively and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-05-04 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new series "Microbiology Monographs" begins with two volumes on intracellular components in prokaryotes. In this first volume, "Inclusions in Prokaryotes", the components, labeled inclusions, are defined as discrete bodies resulting from synthesis of a metabolic product. Research on the biosynthesis and reutilization of the accumulated materials is still in progress, and interest in the inclusions is growing. This comprehensive volume provides historical background and comprehensive reviews of eight well-known prokaryotic inclusions.

Download or read book Contemporary Topics about Phosphorus in Biology and Materials written by David Churchill and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-09-09 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses a diverse set of topics regarding phosphorus chemistry, namely phosphates and closely related chemical systems. Divided into two sections, chapters cover such topics as phosphate dynamics and phosphates in biomaterials. This volume is a useful reference for scholars and researchers and will inspire readers to make future discoveries in the field.

Download or read book Studies on Polyphosphate Kinase 2 Mechanism and Inorganic Polyphosphate Function written by Ka-Leong Ao and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Studies on Polyphosphate Kinase 2 Mechanism and Inorganic Polyphosphate Function" by Ka-leong, Ao, 區家樑, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Inorganic polyphosphate (PolyP) is a linear polymer of orthophosphate and is ubiquitous throughout the biological world. Although this ancient molecule was discovered in cells over 100 years ago, its importance was not revealed until recent decades. Studies have shown that polyP can help to maintain the hemostasis of the intracellular environment and is crucial to the survival of cell under stringent and stress conditions, especially in prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes. It is also important in higher prokaryotes like mammals, as research has indicated that it plays an important role in multiple systems and processes, including bone development, immune response, and even in tumors. All evidence shows that polyP is a key molecule in life that has remained throughout evolution. Here, polyP was investigated from two perspectives: one was the perspective of polyP metabolism by an important prokaryotic enzyme polyphosphate kinase 2 (PPK2), and one was the perspective of polyP function by investigating the effect of extracellular polyP on mammalian osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells. In order to study the mechanism of PPK2, Mycobacterium tuberculosisPPK2 (MTB PPK2) was investigated. From the protein structure, there is a basic tunnel in PPK2 which may be important to the enzyme activity. I hypothesized that polyP requires the basic tunnel as a positively charged surface for the polyp polyanion to bind through electrostatic interactions. Sixsingle aminoacids around this tunnelwere mutated to alanine (F184A, R193A, K196A, D201A, K237A and R241A)to investigate the importance of this tunnel for PPK2 activity. These six mutant plasmids were successfully constructed. Three mutants did not fold correctly (F184A, K196A and R241A), implying the importance of these amino acids on protein folding while three others did fold (R193A, D201A, and K237A) and could be expressed and purified using E.coli, together with the wild-type MTB PPK2. R193A and K237A showed reduced activities compared to the wild-type whileD201A showed no detectable activity. This indicated that this basic region is important to the activity of PPK2.Furtherexperiments can focus on the binding between the mutated PPK2and the substrates by applying different bio-physical methods, like isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) or surface plasmon resonance (SPR). In the second perspective of this thesis, I investigated the influence of polyP in SaOS-2 osteoblast-like cells. Previous experiments in our laboratory showed polyP triggered upregulation ofinterleukin-11 (IL-11)at the RNA level. My hypothesis was that protein level of IL-11 was upregulated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed the upregulation of IL-11 protein only between three to six hours after exposure of cells to polyP. PolyP was also shown to induce apoptosis in SaOS-2 cells. Future investigations can focus on the signal pathway triggered by polyP in osteoblast-like cell, thus elucidating the mechanisms by which polyP functions in bone development. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5270564 Subjects: Polyphosphates

Download or read book Inorganic Polyphosphate in the Cell and Developmental Biology of Caulobacter Crescentus written by Jonathan Thompson Henry and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The gram-negative aquatic bacterium Caulobacter crescentus displays two distinct cell types: the swarmer cell and the stalked cell. Swarmer cells spend a variable amount of time in the swarmer phase before differentiating into stalked cells, and this interval depends critically on the cell's nutrient environment. Low carbon or nitrogen promote long swarmer phases, while low phosphorus promotes a short swarmer phase. Electron microscopy of Caulobacter isolates reveals prominent polyphosphate (polyP) inclusions, present as one or two granules within cells. The so-called "phosphorus clock" hypothesis of C. crescentus development unites these observations by asserting that this inherited polyP, in the form of polyP granules, dictates how long a swarmer will remain in the swarmer state: if carbon or nitrogen is exhausted, polyP is accumulated in predivisional cells, and the resultant newborn swarmers can spend a long time in that state before drawing down their polyP reserves. In contrast, if phosphorus is exhausted, polyP accumulation halts, and newborn swarmers do not receive a store of polyP and quickly differentiate into stalked cells. This hypothesis had remained untested until the present. Moreover, no molecular mechanism had previously been attributed to the timing of swarmer differentiation, and though polyP granules have been known to occupy characteristic positions within bacteria since 1895, no studies concerning the molecular determinants of granule localization had been conducted in any species. This dissertation sheds light on both phenomena. Chapter 2 describes our discovery that polyP, as well as the stringent response effector ppGpp, are important for the timing of swarmer cell differentiation. Our findings represent the first molecular clues to how these cells modulate their cell cycle to respond to changing nutrient conditions. Furthermore, we partially confirm the "phosphorus clock" hypothesis, demonstrating that without polyP, swarmers do not accumulate in carbon starvation. Subsequently, Chapter 3 details our analysis of polyP as a subcellular entity. Struck by the consistent localization of polyP granules within nascent C. crescentus mother and daughter cells, we explore the molecular mechanism underpinning this organization, determining that it is intimately related to the cell's chromosomal state. Finally in Chapter 4, we present unpublished phenotypic and transcriptional analysis of a ppk1 null strain in an attempt to understand the link between polyP and C. crescentus metabolism, which remains mysterious, as it has in other species. As an Appendix, we present a significant literature review of a class of ligand-binding protein domains; though thematically unrelated, this review contains significant primary research and represents a contribution to the field of microbiology generally.

Download or read book Biological Role of Inorganic Pyrophosphate written by Jukka K. Heinonen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-08-31 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Heinonen reviews and critically evaluates the scientific literature on the biological role of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi ) published from 1940 to the end of 1999. He describes and classifies all known biochemical reactions that produce Ppi; describes and evaluates all published methods used in biological Ppi; and compiles and critically evaluates information on the concentration of PPi (with the conclusion that, contrary to common belief, PPi exists throughout the living world in rather high concentrations). Many reactions in which PPi is used as a biochemical energy source instead of ATP have been described in recent decades, especially in bacteria, protists, and plants. These reactions are evaluated from the bioenergetic and regulatory points of view. Also considered is the possible role of PPi as a source of biochemical energy in the primitive phases of life, before ATP. Data is presented on the regulatory role of PPi in living systems, such as activities of enzymes, fidelity of syntheses of macromolecules, and proliferation of cells. PPi may also regulate the formation and dissolution of bone as well as pathologic calcification of soft tissues and the formation of urinary stones. The formation of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals in the extracellular fluids of joints cause the disease called pseudogout. Biological Role of Inorganic Pyrophosphate book is a unique and invaluable source of references (about 1120) and summarized data for professionals who study or plan to study the role of PPi in living systems. Many different branches of science (biochemistry, microbiology, bioenergetics, plant physiology, parasitology, evolution, orthopedics, rheumatology) have involvement with PPi. This book sums up available knowledge in one place and will help scientists cross disciplinary boundaries.

Download or read book Inorganic Polyphosphate written by Lik-Hang Eric Lui and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Inorganic Polyphosphate: From Assay Development to Impact on Cell Function, Signaling and Gene Experession" by Lik-hang, Eric, Lui, 雷力恆, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. DOI: 10.5353/th_b4692541 Subjects: Polyphosphates

Download or read book Inorganic Polyphosphate written by Lik-hang Lui (Eric) and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Yeast Membrane Transport written by José Ramos and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-31 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This contributed volume reviews the recent progress in our understanding of membrane transport in yeast including both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and non-conventional yeasts. The articles provide a summary of the key transport processes and put these in a systems biology context of cellular regulation, signal reception and homeostasis. After a general introduction, readers will find review articles covering the mechanisms and regulation of transport for various substrates ranging from diverse nutrients to cations, water and protons. These articles are complemented by a chapter on extremophilic yeast, a chapter on the mathematical modelling of ion transport and two chapters on the role of transport in pathogenic yeasts and antifungal drug resistance. Each article provides both a general overview of the main transport characteristics of a specific substrate or group of substrates and the unique details that only an expert working in the field is able to transmit to the reader. Researchers and students of the topic will find this book to be a useful resource for membrane transport in yeast collecting information in one complete volume, which is otherwise scattered across many papers. This might also be interesting for scientists investigating other species in order to compare transport mechanisms with known functions in yeast with the cells on which they work.

Download or read book Mitochondrial OXPHOS System Emerging Concepts and Technologies and Role in Disease written by David Pacheu-Grau and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-06-06 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Inorganic Chemistry written by Harold H. Trimm and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-04-15 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inorganic chemistry is the study of all chemical compounds except those containing carbon, which is the field of organic chemistry. There is some overlap since both inorganic and organic chemists traditionally study organometallic compounds. Inorganic chemistry has very important ramifications for industry. Current research interests in inorganic chemistry include the discovery of new catalysts, superconductors, and drugs to combat disease. This new volume covers a diverse collection of topics in the field, including new methods to detect unlabeled particles, measurement studies, and more.

Download or read book Phosphate Labeling and Sensing in Chemical Biology written by Henning Jacob Jessen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-08 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The series Topics in Current Chemistry Collections presents critical reviews from the journal Topics in Current Chemistry organized in topical volumes. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field.

Download or read book The Chemical Biology of Phosphorus written by Christopher T Walsh and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2020-10-29 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alexander Todd, the 1957 Nobel laureate in chemistry is credited with the statement: “where there is life, there is phosphorus”. Phosphorus chemical biology underlies most of life’s reactions and processes, from the covalent bonds that hold RNA and DNA together, to the making and spending 75 kg of ATP every day, required to run almost all metabolic and mechanical events in cells. Authored by a renowned biochemist, The Chemical Biology of Phosphorus provides an in-depth, unifying chemical approach to the logic and reactivity of inorganic phosphate and its three major derivatives (anhydrides, mono- and diesters) throughout biology to examine why life depends on phosphorus. Covering the breadth of phosphorus chemistry in biology, this book is ideal for biochemistry students, postgraduates and researchers interested in the chemical logic of phosphate metabolites, energy generation, biopolymer accumulation and phosphoproteomics.