Download or read book Innovative Methods to Advance the Analysis of Intact Glycolipids by Mass Spectrometry written by Rodell C. Barrientos and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The common etiological feature among the majority, if not all, of human diseases, is the impairment of crucial cellular events stemming from complex reactions at the molecular level. Precise understanding of these processes, such as structure-function relationships between biomolecules, could help guide the design of successful clinical interventions to prevent or halt diseases. Consequently, it is important to measure and characterize biomolecules at the finest possible granularity. Glycolipids, biomolecules comprised of a sugar (glycan) head and a lipid tail, serve as one of the key components of the cell membrane. Aberrant glycolipid metabolism is a hallmark of many pathologies, which accentuates their importance in disease pathogenesis. Despite their vital role, our present understanding of glycolipid biology remains incomplete, partly because of the dearth of technologies available to study them. Mass spectrometry (MS) has inarguably fueled much of our current knowledge on glycolipids. But, contemporary methods using this platform are not powerful enough to either detect low abundant glycolipids or elucidate subtle structural details that could facilitate uncovering of their precise biological functions. Often, the glycan and lipid components are analyzed separately, making correlation between structure and biological function impossible. Recent evidences have showcased that both glycan and lipid moieties dictate the overall function of glycolipids, which underlines the importance of structural analysis at the intact molecule level. In this respect, this dissertation was conceived to address the following aims, 1) To develop innovative MS methodologies to measure and characterize glycolipids in its intact, native form; and 2) To apply the developed methods in reasonably complex biological mixtures. Each method developed here is in-line with the following objectives: 1) to enhance detectability of glycolipids by increasing ionization efficiency, 2) to facilitate structural analysis, and 3) to improve quantification of glycolipids with potential for high-throughput applications. Both aims were addressed in four standalone projects that employed both commercially available standard glycolipids and complex biological samples. The first two projects sought to establish a method to determine double bond locations in unsaturated glycolipids. We exploited ozone-induced dissociation MS (OzID-MS), a relatively new fragmentation technique that uses ozone gas inside the collision cell of MS in lieu of conventional inert gas. Ozone reacts selectively to carbon-carbon double bonds, as such, the products of the ozonolysis in situ could be detected by MS and being used to locate the double bonds. Using complex bovine brain sample, this method revealed low abundant glycolipids, mostly isomers and isobars, that are otherwise non-detectable and non-distinguishable when conventional methods are used. We also discovered that the use of different adducts, such as [M+Na]+, [M+Li]+, and [M+H]+, could provide distinct OzID-MS patterns. Thus, to rationalize the observed OzID-MS data, theoretical calculations were performed to establish the structures of ionized glycolipids in the gas-phase. The in silico generated models were consistent with the experimentally observed fragmentation patterns. Overall, these projects emphasized that innovative approaches like OzID-MS could uncover previously unknown molecular species in a complex sample and the use of different adducts could provide distinct levels of structural detail. The third project aimed to establish a method that exploits a relatively new approach to quantitation called isobaric labeling, a technique that has been extensively used in proteomics and glycomics fields as a multiplexed analytical tool. It involves the covalent attachment of a molecular tag to an analyte that generates reporter ions when fragmented in MS. The intensities of the reporter ions serve as surrogate measures of their relative concentration in the sample. Because this tag only reacts with a reactive aldehyde or ketone, which is absent in native glycolipids structures, we first employed a chemoselective oxidation approach to introduce a reactive site in the intact glycolipids, using sialic acid-containing glycolipids called gangliosides as a model. When applied to complex porcine brain total lipids extract, this method not only enabled multiplexed analysis of up to six independent samples and improved sensitivity of gangliosides by two orders, but also provided rich spectra that facilitated the structural analysis of both the sugar head group and lipid backbone. The fourth project addressed the increasing demand for heavy isotope labeled internal standards, which are currently limited and costly, while improving the detectability, facilitating structural characterization, and enabling multiplexed analysis. In this project, we employed permethylation, a reaction that converts active protons in the molecule to a methyl group using methyl iodide. In this so-called differential isotope labeling approach, using methyl iodide with either light (12C) or heavy (13C) carbon isotopes, two different samples were separately labeled, one of which is a pooled aliquot of individual samples, then mixed and analyzed by LC-MS. The pooled sample, labeled with heavy carbon isotope served as a universal internal standard which was spiked to individual samples at constant amount. Samples were analyzed using reversed-phase liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (RPLC-MS), and the resulting peak areas were used to calculate the 12C/13C ratio as a surrogate measure of the relative concentration of analytes in each sample. Using an in vitro model of Gaucher's disease, characterized by accumulation of neutral glycolipids, temporal changes in glycolipid profile were measured and each glycolipid was annotated using retention time and MS/MS fragmentation."--Abstract from author supplied metadata. [This abstract has been edited to remove characters that will not display in this system. Please see the PDF for the full abstract.]
Download or read book Advances in Lipid Methodology written by W. W. Christie and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1997-05-01 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the fourth volume of an occasional series of review volumes dealing with aspects of lipid methodology. As with the first three volumes, topics have been selected that have been developing rapidly in recent years and have some importance to lipid analysis. The authors are all leading international experts.Topics covered include: analysis of plant lipoxygenase metabolites, preparative high-performance liquid chromatography of lipids, structural analysis of fatty acids, and analysis of stable isotopes in lipids, among others.
Download or read book Progress in Pathogen Identification Based on Mass Spectrometry written by Junping Peng and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-02-21 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Biology and Biotechnology written by Robert Allen Meyers and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1995-06-29 with total page 1090 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is one volume 'library' of information on molecular biology, molecular medicine, and the theory and techniques for understanding, modifying, manipulating, expressing, and synthesizing biological molecules, conformations, and aggregates. The purpose is to assist the expanding number of scientists entering molecular biology research and biotechnology applications from diverse backgrounds, including biology and medicine, as well as physics, chemistry, mathematics, and engineering.
Download or read book Latest Advances in Glycoengineering written by Yanmei Li and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-11-18 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glycans have long been known to be one of the most abundant biological molecules in living organisms. They can function as energy compounds, form structural cell wall/matrix polymers, or exist as oligomers that are attached on proteins, lipids and natural products to influence their properties and function. Because of their important biological roles, glycans have great potential for applications in the development of new drugs, materials, food additives and many other products. However, it is often difficult to directly obtain glycans from natural sources with ideal properties for these applications. Thus, modification of glycan structures for desired properties has emerged as an active area of research. This research area is generally called glycoengineering.
Download or read book Advances in Lipid Methodology written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Neurochemistry written by B. W. Agranoff and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This series has been directed at providing scientists possessing considerable bio chemical background with specialized reviews of neurobiological interest. Some have dealt with completed bodies of research, while others consist of extensive reports of research in progress, judged to be of current interest to the active researcher. We have selected recognized scientists and allowed them freedom to reflect and speculate in the field in which they have achieved prom inence. We note with sadness the passing of Dr. 10rdi FoIch-Pi, who served as an advisory editor when the series was initiated. He played a central role in the development of neurochemistry, as well as the creation of professional societies and journals. He will be remembered fondly by all those whose lives he touched. The editors acknowledge the cooperation of the Upjohn Company in the preparation of the color plate included in this volume. We also acknowledge the skillful editorial assistance of Dr. Kenneth C. Leskawa. We are pleased to honor the retirement of Dr. E. Martin Gal, a former advisory editor of Advances, with the inclusion of a chapter by him in this volume.
Download or read book Proceedings of the International Congress of Biochemistry written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Carbohydrate Analysis written by Martin F. Chaplin and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1994 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of this highly successful text details the involvement of carbohydrates in biological processes which have greatly fuelled the current interest in this diverse range of molecules. This text presents the up-to-date techniques required to analyse a wide variety of carbohydrates and carbohydrate-containing molecules.
Download or read book Comprehensive Natural Products II written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-03-05 with total page 7944 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work presents a definitive interpretation of the current status of and future trends in natural products—a dynamic field at the intersection of chemistry and biology concerned with isolation, identification, structure elucidation, and chemical characteristics of naturally occurring compounds such as pheromones, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and enzymes. With more than 1,800 color figures, Comprehensive Natural Products II features 100% new material and complements rather than replaces the original work (©1999). Reviews the accumulated efforts of chemical and biological research to understand living organisms and their distinctive effects on health and medicine Stimulates new ideas among the established natural products research community—which includes chemists, biochemists, biologists, botanists, and pharmacologists Informs and inspires students and newcomers to the field with accessible content in a range of delivery formats Includes 100% new content, with more than 6,000 figures (1/3 of these in color) and 40,000 references to the primary literature, for a thorough examination of the field Highlights new research and innovations concerning living organisms and their distinctive role in our understanding and improvement of human health, genomics, ecology/environment, and more Adds to the rich body of work that is the first edition, which will be available for the first time in a convenient online format giving researchers complete access to authoritative Natural Products content
Download or read book Abstract Book written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Lipid Handbook with CD ROM written by Frank D. Gunstone and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-03-13 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extensively revised, reorganized, and expanded, the third edition of the industry standard, The Lipid Handbook reflects many of the changes in lipid science and technology that have occurred in the last decade. It places a stronger emphasis on the nutritional, medical, and agricultural aspects of lipids to reflect the increased interest and research in these areas in the past 10 years and beyond. This edition features updated chapters and expanded coverage, including additional compounds to its dictionary. Written by experts from a diverse range of fields, many of whom have contributed new research in the areas under review, this handbook remains an essential reference.
Download or read book Mass Spectrometry Based Metabolomics in Clinical and Herbal Medicines written by Aihua Zhang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-08-20 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Highlights the importance and benefit of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics for identifying biomarkers that accurately screen for potential biomarkers of diseases Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics offer new opportunities for biomarker discovery in complex diseases and may provide pathological understanding of diseases beyond traditional technologies. It is the systematic analysis of low-molecular-weight metabolites in biological samples and has been applied to discovering and identifying the perturbed pathways. Currently, mass spectrometry-based metabolomics has become an important tool in clinical research and the diagnosis of human disease. Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics in Clinical and Herbal Medicines comprehensively presents the current state, challenges, and applications of high-throughput mass spectrometry-based metabolomics such as metabolites analysis, biomarker discovery, technical challenges, discovery of natural product, mechanism interpretation of action, discovery of active ingredients, clinical application and precision medicine, and enhancing their biomedical value in a real world of biomedicine, shedding light on the potential for spectrometry-based metabolomics. It highlights the value of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and metabolism to address the complexity of herbal medicines in systems pharmacology, especially, to link phytochemical analysis with the assessment of pharmacological effect and therapeutic potential. Each chapter has been laid out with introduction, method, up-to-date literature, identification of biomarker, and applications Covers the current state, challenges, and applications of high-throughput mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in the discovery of biomarker, active ingredients, natural product, etc. Constitutes a unique and indispensable practical guide for any phytochemistry or related laboratory, and provides hands-on description of new techniques Provides a guide for new practitioners of pharmacologists, pharmacological scholars, drug developers, botanist, researchers of traditional medicines. Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics in Clinical and Herbal Medicines provides a landmark of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics research and a beneficial guideline to graduate students and researchers in academia, industry, and technology transfer organizations in all biomedical science fields.
Download or read book Federation Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Glycosylation and Cancer written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-02-26 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Cancer Research provides invaluable information on the exciting and fast-moving field of cancer research. Here, once again, outstanding and original reviews are presented on a variety of topics. Provides information on cancer research Outstanding and original reviews Suitable for researchers and students
Download or read book Essentials of Glycobiology written by Ajit Varki and published by CSHL Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sugar chains (glycans) are often attached to proteins and lipids and have multiple roles in the organization and function of all organisms. "Essentials of Glycobiology" describes their biogenesis and function and offers a useful gateway to the understanding of glycans.
Download or read book Chemical Immunochemical and Serological Studies on the Abo Lewis and P Blood Group Systems written by Lisbeth Messeter and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
