Download or read book Initiation and Control of Gait from First Principles A Mathematically Animated Model of the Foot written by Craig Nevin and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 2010-05-21 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis examines the anatomical locations of the dynamic pressures that create the first five footprints when a standing person starts to walk. It is hypothesized that the primary activity starts with the dorsiflexion or lifting of the great toe. Consequently, the metatarsophalangeal region of the forefoot was studied from three directions. Viewed side-on, the great toe free-body is found from a detailed post hoc analysis of previous kinematic data obtained from cadavers to operate as a cam. The cam model also follows closely from Aristotle's ancient description of the hinged instrument of animate motion. Viewed in coronal cross-section, the first metatarsal torsion strength was estimated in 13 humans, 1 gorilla, 3 chimpanzees, 1 orangutan and 1 baboon set of dry-bone specimens of the hands and feet. The first metatarsal bone alone contributes 43% of the total strength of all the metatarsal bones. A result unique amongst the hominids and apes studied. Viewed in horizontal plan, the dynamic components and principle axes of the footprints of 54 barefoot humans (32 male, 22 female, age 32 +-11 years) were studied whilst standing on a 0.5m pressure plate, and then immediately when walking over a 2m plate (4 sensors per cm2 sampled at 100hz). Two footprints were obtained during the initial stance posture, and the first three footprints of the initial walk. Three new principles of animate motion were deduced from the divergent results obtained from complete and dissected cadavers: The metatarsal cam (from the sagittal side view) the ground reaction torque (from the frontal coronal view) and the amputation artifact. The philosophy of experimenting on inanimate cadavers rather than living subjects was intensively researched. Instead of assuming that gait is a uniform or regular motion as is usual, the foot was analyzed rather as if it was a beam attached to the ground. Engineering equations were used to determine the flexural properties of the foot every 0.01 seconds, including the principle axes, radius of gyration and the local shear stresses on the sensors spaced 5-7mm apart. A sequence of these impressions creates a mathematically animated model of the footprint. The local force under the foot was normalized against both the total force and contact duration. The forces under the foot were each divided between 10 anatomical regions using individual masks for each foot strike. Producing a 54-subject database from which the normal behavior of the foot could be quantified. The group showed a surprisingly low right foot step-off dominance of only 54%. The combination of the radius of gyration and impulse in particular produces a succinct but powerful summary of the footprint during dynamic activity. The initial angle and magnitudes of the loads that are applied and removed demonstrates that the body first rocks onto the heels after the instruction to walk is given. The feet simultaneously invert and their arches rise off the ground as anticipated. The principle axes were then animated in a mathematical four-dimensional model. The horizontal radius of gyration is on average 5 cm during heel strike, but increases to 20 cm as the forefoot comes into contact with the ground, finally rising to 25 cm at toe-off. Significantly the applied load during the fore-foot loading phase is more widely distributed than the load being removed. A new and unanticipated result that is believed to be a special characteristic of the animate foot. The standard deviation of the force under the great toe is the first mechanical parameter to converge in the 54 subjects, conclusively verifying the hypothesis that the great toe both initiates and controls gait.
Download or read book Lower Extremity Biomechanics written by Stephen F. Albert, D.P.M., C.Ped., FACFAOM and published by Bipedmed, LLC. This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomechanics is the study of the human body and how it behaves mechanically. This textbook is intended for all who have an interest in how our feet and legs work and particularly for those in the health care community who must remain abreast of the latest information and research. Written by leaders in the field, this books covers in detail current theoretical and applied concepts. You will find Lower Extremity Biomechanics: Theory and Practice Volume 1 a welcomed addition to your professional library.
Download or read book Dynamics of Human Gait written by Christopher L Vaughan and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Popular Mechanics written by and published by . This book was released on 2000-01 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Popular Mechanics inspires, instructs and influences readers to help them master the modern world. Whether it’s practical DIY home-improvement tips, gadgets and digital technology, information on the newest cars or the latest breakthroughs in science -- PM is the ultimate guide to our high-tech lifestyle.
Download or read book Simulating Humans written by Norman I. Badler and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1993-09-02 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The area of simulated human figures is an active research area in computer graphics, and Norman Badler's group at the University of Pennsylvania is one of the leaders in the field. This book summarizes the state of the art in simulating human figures, discusses many of the interesting application areas, and makes some assumptions and predictions about where the field is going.
Download or read book Last Lecture written by Perfection Learning Corporation and published by Turtleback. This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Digital Terrain Modeling written by Zhilin Li and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-11-29 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by experts, Digital Terrain Modeling: Principles and Methodology provides comprehensive coverage of recent developments in the field. The topics include terrain analysis, sampling strategy, acquisition methodology, surface modeling principles, triangulation algorithms, interpolation techniques, on-line and off-line quality control in data a
Download or read book Quadrupedal Locomotion written by Pablo González de Santos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-02-17 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Walking machines have advantages over traditional vehicles, and have already accomplished tasks that wheeled or tracked robots cannot handle. Nevertheless, their use in industry and services is currently limited in scope. This book brings together methods and techniques that have been developed to deal with obstacles to wider acceptance of legged robots. Part I provides an historical overview. Part II concentrates on control techniques, as applied to Four-legged robots.
Download or read book Mechanics of the Human Walking Apparatus written by Wilhelm Weber and published by Springer. This book was released on 1992-03-05 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive theory of walking and running was developed by the Weber brothers in Leipzig, Germany, at the end of the nineteenth century. Their classic work is now made available to present-day medical professionals and historians in modern English translation. Wilhelm and Eduard Weber based their mathematical conclusions on anatomical studies as well as observations with the naked eye and telescope. They performed many quantitative experiments on individuals walking and running under various conditions. The Weber theory was the first serious attempt to explain these movements scientifically since Borelli's study in 1680; it preceeded the classical research of Braune and Fischer in 1895-1904 using photography. This fascinating look back into the research of the past century will captivate medical historians; the work's relevance to modern medicine will astonish bioengineers, anatomists and physiologists alike.
Download or read book Mindstorms written by Seymour A Papert and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2020-10-06 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this revolutionary book, a renowned computer scientist explains the importance of teaching children the basics of computing and how it can prepare them to succeed in the ever-evolving tech world. Computers have completely changed the way we teach children. We have Mindstorms to thank for that. In this book, pioneering computer scientist Seymour Papert uses the invention of LOGO, the first child-friendly programming language, to make the case for the value of teaching children with computers. Papert argues that children are more than capable of mastering computers, and that teaching computational processes like de-bugging in the classroom can change the way we learn everything else. He also shows that schools saturated with technology can actually improve socialization and interaction among students and between students and teachers. Technology changes every day, but the basic ways that computers can help us learn remain. For thousands of teachers and parents who have sought creative ways to help children learn with computers, Mindstorms is their bible.
Download or read book National Live Stock Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 1872 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fundamentals of Biomechanics written by Duane Knudson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Biomechanics introduces the exciting world of how human movement is created and how it can be improved. Teachers, coaches and physical therapists all use biomechanics to help people improve movement and decrease the risk of injury. The book presents a comprehensive review of the major concepts of biomechanics and summarizes them in nine principles of biomechanics. Fundamentals of Biomechanics concludes by showing how these principles can be used by movement professionals to improve human movement. Specific case studies are presented in physical education, coaching, strength and conditioning, and sports medicine.
Download or read book Introduction to Sports Biomechanics written by Roger Bartlett and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-04-12 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Sports Biomechanics has been developed to introduce you to the core topics covered in the first two years of your degree. It will give you a sound grounding in both the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject. Part One covers the anatomical and mechanical foundations of biomechanics and Part Two concentrates on the measuring techniques which sports biomechanists use to study the movements of the sports performer. In addition, the book is highly illustrated with line drawings and photographs which help to reinforce explanations and examples.
Download or read book Democracy and Education written by John Dewey and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 1916 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: . Renewal of Life by Transmission. The most notable distinction between living and inanimate things is that the former maintain themselves by renewal. A stone when struck resists. If its resistance is greater than the force of the blow struck, it remains outwardly unchanged. Otherwise, it is shattered into smaller bits. Never does the stone attempt to react in such a way that it may maintain itself against the blow, much less so as to render the blow a contributing factor to its own continued action. While the living thing may easily be crushed by superior force, it none the less tries to turn the energies which act upon it into means of its own further existence. If it cannot do so, it does not just split into smaller pieces (at least in the higher forms of life), but loses its identity as a living thing. As long as it endures, it struggles to use surrounding energies in its own behalf. It uses light, air, moisture, and the material of soil. To say that it uses them is to say that it turns them into means of its own conservation. As long as it is growing, the energy it expends in thus turning the environment to account is more than compensated for by the return it gets: it grows. Understanding the word "control" in this sense, it may be said that a living being is one that subjugates and controls for its own continued activity the energies that would otherwise use it up. Life is a self-renewing process through action upon the environment.
Download or read book Gait Analysis in the Science of Rehabilitation written by Joel A. DeLisa and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1998 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Instrumented gait analysis systems offer objective evaluation of the effectiveness of the various rehabilitation treatments that are aimed at improving gait disabilities. There are four sections in this report: clinical observation; review of the instrumental gait analysis systems; the value of information resulting from instrumented gait analysis from the perspective of a psychiatrist, an orthopedic surgeon, & a physical therapist; & discussion of future trends for gait laboratories. The authors are experts from multiple rehabilitation specialties to give you an understanding of how gait analysis can be used to evaluate a person's walking abilities to maximize function & maintain or improve quality of life. Illustrations.
Download or read book Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists written by and published by . This book was released on 1966-06 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is the premier public resource on scientific and technological developments that impact global security. Founded by Manhattan Project Scientists, the Bulletin's iconic "Doomsday Clock" stimulates solutions for a safer world.
Download or read book Game Anim written by Jonathan Cooper and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-04-19 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Game Anim expands upon the first edition with an all-new chapter on 2D and Pixel Art Animation, an enhanced mocap chapter covering the latest developments in Motion Matching, and even more interviews with top professionals in the field. Combined with everything in the first edition, this updated edition provides the reader with an even more comprehensive understanding of all areas of video game animation – from small indie projects to the latest AAA blockbusters. Key Features • New 2nd Edition Content: An all-new chapter on 2D and Pixel Art Animation, Motion Matching, and more • 20 Years of Insight: Accumulated knowledge from 2 decades of experience in all areas of game animation. • The 5 Fundamentals: Reinterprets the classic 12 animation principles and sets out 5 new fundamentals for great game animation. • Full Production Cycle: Walks through every stage of a game production from the animator’s perspective. • Animator Interviews: Notable game animators offer behind-the-scenes stories, tips, and advice. • Free Animation Rig: Free "AZRI" maya rig, tutorials and other resources on the accompanying website: www.gameanim.com/book About The Author Jonathan Cooper is an award-winning video game animator who has brought virtual characters to life professionally since 2000, leading teams on large projects such as the Assassin’s Creed and Mass Effect series, with a focus on memorable stories and characters and cutting-edge video game animation. He has since focused on interactive cinematics in the latest chapters of the DICE and Annie award-winning series Uncharted and The Last of Us. Jonathan has presented at the Game Developers Conference (GDC) in San Francisco and at other conferences across Canada and the United Kingdom. He holds a Bachelor of Design honors degree in animation.
