Download or read book Initial SB4 Melt Rate Furnace Testing U written by M. Smith and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) is presently vitrifying Sludge Batch 3 (SB3) and preparing to process Sludge Batch 4 (SB4) in late 2006 or early 2007. The final composition of SB4 has not been finalized, as various blending and/or washing strategies are still being considered. SB4 will be comprised of the contents of Tanks 5, 6, 7, 8, and 11 (which will be transferred to Tank 51) along with plutonium and neptunium solutions from F and H Canyons, and possibly material from Tank 4. Tank 4 was originally included in projections, but plans have since changed (after completion of these tests) and Tank 4 is no longer part of SB4 due to problems with sludge removal. Even though the final SB4 composition was not finalized at the time of this study, there were 20 bounding options documented that could be used for preliminary melt rate tests. At the time of these tests, the SB4 compositions described as ''SB4 1200 canister baseline'' and ''SB4 1200 canister baseline (one less washed)'' documented elsewhere were chosen for these tests. The 1200 canister describes the number of equivalent canisters that would be produced from the beginning of the current contract period before SB3 is blended with SB4. These compositions were chosen as they had the highest amount of SB4 in the blend and were therefore considered as worse case SB4 feeds with regards to melt rate. This is because SB4 has higher alumina levels of any sludge batch yet processed and alumina has a negative impact on the DWPF melt rate. This baseline sludge includes Tank 4 but does not include auxiliary waste streams such as the Actinide Removal Process (ARP) stream, which contains monosodium titanate (MST), entrained sludge, and various soluble sodium compounds as the result of filter cleaning and stream adjustment for transfer. These preliminary dry-fed Melt Rate Furnace (MRF) tests were needed to initially evaluate melt rate/waste throughput. This study addressed SB4 with Frits 418 and 320, the impact of waste loading, the impact of the higher amount of Al in SB4, the amount of sludge washing, the possible addition of the ARP stream, the possible need to use a new frit to increase sulfur solubility, and the impact of the use of low Li frits to minimize the formation of an Al-Li-silicate phase that may be an intermediate reaction phase that could possibly hinder melt rate for SB4. For the SB4 sludge tested in the MRF for this preliminary work, the melt rate for SB4 simulant was lower than SB3. The higher alumina content in SB4 is probably the reason for the lower SB4 melt rate. Because the actual SB4 composition has not yet been finalized and may be different enough from the simulant SB4 sludges tested for these tests, the actual difference in melt rate for the two sludge batches cannot be projected. Therefore, further melt rate testing, including slurry testing in the Slurry-Fed Melt Rate Furnace (SMRF) will be needed as the SB4 compositions are further refined. Tests were performed with non-radioactive, simulated SB4 material. Due to the small-scale of the test equipment and the design of the equipment, as well as the use of dry, non-radioactive simulant feed, the behavior of the actual radioactive SB4 feed in the DWPF melter cannot be fully proven.
Download or read book SLUDGE BATCH 4 BASELINE MELT RATE FURNACE AND SLURRY FED MELT RATE FURNACE TESTS WITH FRITS 418 AND 510 U written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several Slurry-Fed Melt Rate Furnace (SMRF) tests with earlier projections of the Sludge Batch 4 (SB4) composition have been performed. 1,2 The first SB4 SMRF test used Frits 418 and 320, however it was found after the test that the REDuction/OXidation (REDOX) correlation at that time did not have the proper oxidation state for manganese. Because the manganese level in the SB4 sludge was higher than previous sludge batches tested, the impact of the higher manganese oxidation state was greater. The glasses were highly oxidized and very foamy, and therefore the results were inconclusive. After resolving this REDOX issue, Frits 418, 425, and 503 were tested in the SMRF with the updated baseline SB4 projection. Based on dry-fed Melt Rate Furnace (MRF) tests and the above mentioned SMRF tests, two previous frit recommendations were made by the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) for processing of SB4 in the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF). The first was Frit 503 based on the June 2006 composition projections. 3 The recommendation was changed to Frit 418 as a result of the October 2006 composition projections (after the Tank 40 decant was implemented as part of the preparation plan). However, the start of SB4 processing was delayed due to the control room consolidation outage and the repair of the valve box in the Tank 51 to Tank 40 transfer line. These delays resulted in changes to the projected SB4 composition. Due to the slight change in composition and based on preliminary dry-fed MRF testing, SRNL believed that Frit 510 would increase throughput in processing SB4 in DWPF. Frit 418, which was used in processing Sludge Batch 3 (SB3), was a viable candidate and available in DWPF. Therefore, it was used during the initial SB4 processing. Due to the potential for higher melt rates with Frit 510, SMRF tests with the latest SB4 composition (1298 canisters) and Frits 510 and 418 were performed at a targeted waste loading (WL) of 35%. The '1298 canisters' describes the number of equivalent canisters that would be produced from the beginning of the current contract period before SB3 is blended with SB4. The melt rate for the SMRF SB4/Frit 510 test was 14.6 grams/minute. Due to cold cap mounding problems with the SMRF SB4/Frit 418 feed at 50 weight % solids that prevented a melt rate determination, this feed was diluted to 45 weight % solids. The melt rate for this diluted feed was 8.9 grams/minute. A correction factor of 1.2 for estimating the melt rate at 50 weight % solids from 45 weight % solids test results (based on previous SMRF testing5) was then used to estimate a melt rate of 10.7 grams/minute for SB4/Frit 418 at 50 weight % solids. Therefore, the use of Frit 510 versus Frit 418 with SB4 resulted in a higher melt rate (14.6 versus an estimated 10.7 grams/minute). For reference, a previous SMRF test with SB3/Frit 418 feed at 35% waste loading and 50 weight % solids resulted in a melt rate of 14.1 grams/minute. Therefore, depending on the actual feed rheology, the use of Frit 510 with SB4 could result in similar melt rates as experienced with SB3/Frit 418 feed in the DWPF.
Download or read book Environmental Issues and Waste Management Technologies in the Materials and Nuclear Industries XII written by Alex Cozzi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-09-24 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book documents a special collection of articles from a select group of invited prominent scientists from academia, national laboratories and industry who presented their work at the symposia on Environmental and Energy Issues at the 2008 Materials Science and Technology (MS&T’08) conference held in Pittsburgh, PA. These articles represent a summary of the presentations focusing on topics in nuclear, environmental, and green engineering were held, including a discussion of Waste Glass Leach Testing and Modeling.
Download or read book Copper and Bronze in Art written by David A. Scott and published by Getty Publications. This book was released on 2002 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a review of 190 years of literature on copper and its alloys. It integrates information on pigments, corrosion and minerals, and discusses environmental conditions, conservation methods, ancient and historical technologies.
Download or read book Engineering Materials 1 written by M. F. Ashby and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a broad introduction to the properties of materials used in engineering applications, and is intended to provide a course in engineering materials for students with no previous background in the subject.
Download or read book Theory and Calculation of Heat Transfer in Furnaces written by Yanguo Zhang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-04-13 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theory and Calculation of Heat Transfer in Furnaces covers the heat transfer process in furnaces, how it is related to energy exchange, the characteristics of efficiency, and the cleaning of combustion, providing readers with a comprehensive understanding of the simultaneous physical and chemical processes that occur in boiler combustion, flow, heat transfer, and mass transfer. Covers all the typical boilers with most fuels, as well as the effects of ash deposition and slagging on heat transfer Combines mature and advanced technologies that are easy to understand and apply Describes basic theory with real design that is based on meaningful experimental data
Download or read book Solar Thermal Power Systems written by United States Department of Energy and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Compressed Gases written by Compressed Gas Association and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the field of compressed gases and related equipment, there is an expanding core of essential knowledge that people handling and using these materials should be familiar with or should know where to find when necessary. The focus of this book concerns the properties and the accepted means of trans portation, storage, and handling of compressed gases. This Handbook is simul taneously intended as an overview of the subject and a source of supplementary information. It is also intended to serve as a guide to pertinent federal regulatory requirements and published standards of the Compressed Gas Association and other standards-writing bodies. Readers are advised that the CGA technical pamphlets remain the official state ment of policy by the Association on a particular matter. Reference is made throughout this text to the numerous technical pamphlets published by the Com pressed Gas Association. Some of these publications have been incorporated by reference into federal, state, provincial, and local regulations. Since these pam phlets are reviewed on a periodic basis, wherever the text of this Handbook may be found in conflict with corresponding information in the CGA technical pam phlets, the latter shall take precedence.
Download or read book Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waster Management XXXI Volume 1107 written by William E. Lee and published by . This book was released on 2008-06-26 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The MRS Symposium Proceeding series is an internationally recognised reference suitable for researchers and practitioners.
Download or read book Specimen Handling Preparation and Treatments in Surface Characterization written by Alvin W. Czanderna and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended for professionals, researchers, technicians and students who are newcomers to the field as well as those with experience. It will be an important resource in the following fields: surface science, electronic materials and processes, thin film deposition, surface compositional analysis and related topical areas such as corrosion, oxidation, reduction, adsorption, desorption, adhesion, epitaxial growth and contamination. The presentation uses a tutorial and pedagogical approach.
Download or read book Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sago Palm written by Hiroshi Ehara and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-15 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book addresses a wide variety of events and technologies concerning the sago palm, ranging from its botanical characteristics, culture and use to social conditions in the places where it is grown, in order to provide a record of research findings and to benefit society. It discusses various subjects, including the sago palm and related species; differentiation of species of starch-producing palm; habitat, morphological, physiological and growth characteristics; culture and management; productivity of carbon dioxide; starch extraction and manufacture; characteristics and utilization of starch; and cultural anthropological and folkloristic aspects. Problems such as food shortages due to increasing populations, global warming and climate change, and decreasing reserves of oil and other underground resources, have become more pressing in recent years. In the context of these problems, the book examines the role of the sago palm in sustainable food production, in the manufacture of other foodstuffs, as a raw material for ethanol and in the manufacture of biodegradable plastics. In addition to academics, this book will be useful to researchers and government officials working for international agencies, national governments, municipalities, and other research organizations; technicians, researchers, managers, entrepreneurs, and others working in industries such as agriculture, plant production, food production, manufacturing, chemical engineering, energy production, and distribution.
Download or read book Chemical Vapor Transport Reactions written by Michael Binnewies and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2012-08-31 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive handbook covers the diverse aspects of chemical vapor transport reactions from basic research to important practical applications. The book begins with an overview of models for chemical vapor transport reactions and then proceeds to treat the specific chemical transport reactions for the elements, halides, oxides, sulfides, selenides, tellurides, pnictides, among others. Aspects of transport from intermetallic phases, the stability of gas particles, thermodynamic data, modeling software and laboratory techniques are also covered. Selected experiments using chemical vapor transport reactions round out the work, making this book a useful reference for researchers and instructors in solid state and inorganic chemistry.
Download or read book High Entropy Alloys written by Michael C. Gao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-27 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a systematic and comprehensive description of high-entropy alloys (HEAs). The authors summarize key properties of HEAs from the perspective of both fundamental understanding and applications, which are supported by in-depth analyses. The book also contains computational modeling in tackling HEAs, which help elucidate the formation mechanisms and properties of HEAs from various length and time scales.
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 856 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of SECON 2020 written by Kaustubh Dasgupta and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-20 with total page 959 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers peer-reviewed contributions presented at the 1st International Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction Management (SECON’20), held in Angamaly, Kerala, India, on 14-15 May 2020. The meeting served as a fertile platform for discussion, sharing sound knowledge and introducing novel ideas on issues related to sustainable construction and design for the future. The respective contributions address various aspects of numerical modeling and simulation in structural engineering, structural dynamics and earthquake engineering, advanced analysis and design of foundations, BIM, building energy management, and technical project management. Accordingly, the book offers a valuable, up-to-date tool and essential overview of the subject for scientists and practitioners alike, and will inspire further investigations and research.
Download or read book Advanced Topics on Crystal Growth written by Sukarno Ferreira and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-02-20 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystal growth is the key step of a great number of very important applications. The development of new devices and products, from the traditional microelectronic industry to pharmaceutical industry and many others, depends on crystallization processes. The objective of this book is not to cover all areas of crystal growth but just present, as specified in the title, important selected topics, as applied to organic and inorganic systems. All authors have been selected for being key researchers in their field of specialization, working in important universities and research labs around the world. The first section is mainly devoted to biological systems and covers topics like proteins, bone and ice crystallization. The second section brings some applications to inorganic systems and describes more general growth techniques like chemical vapor crystallization and electrodeposition. This book is mostly recommended for students working in the field of crystal growth and for scientists and engineers in the fields of crystalline materials, crystal engineering and the industrial applications of crystallization processes.
