Download or read book Inheritance of Grain Yield and Protein in Winter Wheat Triticum Aestivum L Crosses written by Abdus Sattar Chaudhry and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Inheritance of Grain Yield Protein and Lysine in Three Common Wheat Crosses Triticum Aestivum L written by Babrak Khaleeq and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Heritability Estimates and Associations for Protein Content and Grain Yield Involving Four Winter Wheat Crosses Triticum Aestivum Vill Host by Polat Solen written by Polat Solen and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Four agronomically and genetically diverse winter wheat parents were utilized as the experimental organisms. Atlas 66 and NB 68513 were selected as cultivars with a high and stable protein content when grown under different environmental condidtions. They are intermediate for grain yield when grown in the Pacific Northwest. Yamhill and Hyslop represented low protein, high yielding cultivars adapted to the Pacific Northwest. Data were obtained from crosses between the two high protein cultivars and the two low protein cultivars based on the performance of the parents and the F1 and F2 generations. These experimental populations were grown in 1971 at the Pendleton Experiment Station and the Central Oregon Experimental site at Madras, Oregon. Measurements were made on an individual plant basis for protein content, grain yield, 50 kernel weight, kernels per spike, tillers per plant and plant height. Differences among and within crosses were determined by the analysis of variance. Information concerning the nature of inheritance was obtained by comparing the F1 and F2 means in relation to performance of the parents; the frequency distribution of the generations for protein content; and by determining broad and narrow sense heritability estimates for the six characters studied. The existence of possible phenotypic associations among the six characters studied was determined by using correlation coefficients. In order to evaluate the possible direct and indirect effects of grain yield and the components of yield on protein content, path coefficient analyses were employed. Significant differences were observed among and within crosses at both the Pendleton and Madras sites for most characters measured. The F1 and F2 mean values were found to be near the mid-parent of the two parents in all four crosses for plant height, 50 kernel weight and kernels per spike. There were several exceptions depending on the particular cross and specific character. Protein content mean values were also intermediate between the two parents for the F1 and F2 generations. In crosses involving Hyslop, the mean values tended to be near the highest parent. Little or no transgressive segregation was noted in the F2 generation. Evidence of non additive gene action was noted both for grain yield and tiller number in the F1 and F2 generations with the mean values exceeding the highest parent in all crosses for grain yield at the Pendleton site. Tillers per plant at Pendleton and both tillers per plant and grain yield at Madras also showed some degree of hybrid vigor, but the magnitude depended on the particular cross. The high broad and narrow sense heritability estimates obtained both at Pendleton and Madras for all traits suggested that there was a large amount of genetic variation present for the characters studied. The narrow sense estimates further suggested that a high percentage of the total genetic variation was due to genes which function in an additive manner. Significant negative correlations were noted between protein content and grain yield including some of the components of yield. In evaluating the direct and indirect effects with path coefficient analysis, these negative associations resulted from the large negative indirect effects of 50 kernel weight and kernels per spike on protein content via grain yield at the Madras site. At the Pendleton site, where moisture became a limiting factor, the negative association resulted largely as the indirect effect of 50 kernel weight on protein content through grain yield. The large environmental influence on protein content was particularly striking at the Pendleton site. With the spring application of nitrogen, a delay in maturity for Hyslop and Yamhill was noted and with the subsequent loss of moisture, shriveled grain resulted and hence a higher protein content with lower grain yield. This resulted in the grain protein of Hyslop and Yamhill being higher than that of Atlas 66 and NB 68513. The results of this study suggest that it may be necessary to compromise in attempting to develop high protein lines with maximum yield. However, it should be possible to increase the protein content two to three percent and still maintain the yielding ability of Hyslop and Yamhill.

Download or read book Inheritance of Grain Protein in Two Hard Red Spring Wheat Crosses written by Noel Francis Beninati and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Protein and Grain Yield Inheritance in Four Populations of Hard Red Winter Wheat Triticum Aestivum L written by Mohammad Karim Gharzai and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nature of Inheritance and Association of Time Duration and Rate of Grain Filling and Subsequent Grain Yield in Crosses of Winter and Spring Wheats Triticum Aestivum L Em Thell written by Byung Han Choi and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nature of inheritance and possible associations for traits influencing earliness and grain yield were investigated using a four parent diallel of winter and spring wheat cultivars. More genetic variability was observed for the traits measured in segregating populations resulting from crosses between winter and spring type wheats in contrast to spring x spring or winter x winter crosses. The one exception was plant height where more genetic variability resulted from spring x spring crosses. Narrow sense heritability estimates were high for time and duration of heading, anthesis, grain filling and physiological maturity and for plant height. Smaller values were noted for rate of grain filling, kernel number, harvest index, tiller number, kernel weight, whole plant dry weight and grain yield. Estimates of the coefficient of heritability and the parent-offspring correlation coefficient were similar in magnitude except for the traits grain yield, tiller number, kernel weight and whole plant dry weight where large variations due to the environment were encountered. Using the Jinks-Hayman model, no maternal effects were noted nor were any nonallelic interactions observed for total duration of grain filling and lag period. The actual grain filling period was influenced to some degree by such interactions. The spring cultivars also appeared to have more dominant genes for longer total duration of grain filling and lag period. In contrast the winter parents had more dominant genes for the longer actual grain filling period. Estimates of general and specific combining ability provided similar evidence in terms of the nature of gene action. Both additive and nonadditive gene action was present for all traits, the relative magnitudes depending on the specific trait. Based on individual combining ability effects, the winter x spring cross Yamhill x Siete Cerros would appear to provide the highest proportion of desired segregates when combining earliness and acceptable grain yield. From the direct and indirect associations of grain yield, it would appear that a shorter duration of grain filling along with a shorter lag period from heading to anthesis are important for higher rates of grain filling if negative associations between earliness and grain yield are to be avoided.

Download or read book Inheritance and Association of Earliness and Grain Yield in Four Winter X Spring Wheat Crosses Triticum Aestivum L Em Thell written by Ahmet Ertug Firat and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parental and segregating populations derived from four winter x spring wheat crosses were investigated to obtain information concerning the inheritance and association of earliness, grain yield and yieldrelated traits. Feasibility of selecting in early generations for these characteristics was also evaluated. Four winter wheat cultivars (Hyslop, Yamhill, Bezostaia 1, and Sprague) and one spring wheat cultivar (Inia 66) were chosen on the basis of their relative maturity and contrasting agronomic characteristics. Parents, F1 s, F2' s, and reciprocal backcrosses to both parents were planted in the fall in a space-planted randomized complete block design. The two environmentally diverse locations selected were the Hyslop Agronomy Farm, Corvallis, Oregon (1000 mm of rainfall) and Sherman Experimental Station, Moro, Oregon (250 mm of rainfall). The effectiveness of early generation selection for the measured characteristics was evaluated by growing F3 lines identified as the earliest 1% and the highest yielding 1% of F2 individuals in each cross. These were grown along with the parents, F1s, BC1 s, BC2 s and F2' s under space-planted conditions at Hyslop Agronomy Farm. A study with the same populations was conducted by vernalizing and planting in the spring to gain further information on earliness. Analyses of variance were conducted for all characteristics measured. Frequency distributions for days to heading of F1, F2, backcross generations and parents were examined. From the data collected, estimates of F 1 -midparent deviations, degree of dominance, heritability in the narrow sense and genetic advance under selection were determined for each cross. The data were further analyzed by parent-progeny regression, correlation and path-coefficient analyses, polynomial and multiple regressions. Partially dominant major genes, varying in number between one to five depending on the particular cross, appeared to influence heading date. Modifying factors also seemed to affect the date of heading. The gene action involved in the inheritance of earliness was primarily additive indicating that selection for earliness would be effective as early as the F2 generation under both high and low rainfall conditions. Estimates of additive and nonadditive gene action suggested both were equally important in determining the yield components. Higher heritability estimates for the components of yield indicated that there was more genetic variability associated with the yield components than yield per se. Occurrence of additive genetic variation by location interaction implied that selection should be practiced simultaneously under different environments if wide adaptability of potential lines is desired. Since pronounced additive effect by year interactions occurred for the yield components, delayed selection for these traits may not be productive. Positive correlations were obtained between yield and the number of days to heading when all generations were combined. However, in the F2 generations, it appeared possible to select for the desired earliness with high yields as indicated by the low association between these two traits. The path-coefficient analyses suggested that tiller number had the highest direct effect on grain yield. However, because of a negative association between tiller number and kernel weight, selection pressures would have to be balanced between these two components. In most cases, linear relationships existed between grain yield and seven measured traits, respectively. The result of regression analyses also showed that grain yield may be described best as a linear function of its components.

Download or read book Inheritance of Grain Protein Content in Crosses of Three High protein Wheats Triticum Aestivum L written by Charles Lee Lay and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Duration and Rate of the Grain Filling Period and Subsequent Grain Yield in Crosses Between Facultative and Winter Wheat Cultivars Triticum Aestivum L Em Thell written by Beiquan Mou and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concerns about the genetic control and environmental influence of various stages of development including the grain filling period, and the relationship between early maturity and grain yield prompted this study. The experimental material consisted of two facultative and two winter wheat cultivars. A dial!el cross, excluding reciprocals, was also developed to provide an Fl generation. Information was collected for 14 traits and subjected to statistical analyses. Genetic differences among varieties were found for time of heading, flowering and physiological maturity, duration and rate of the grain filling period, grain yield and yield components. The facultative types, AI Feng 2 and Selection CB 83-52, showed earlier heading, flowering and physiological maturity, longer lag period (period between heading and flowering), and longer duration and lower rate of grain filling, resulting in lower grain yield. The winter cultivars, Stephens and Yamhill Dwarf, in contrast had later heading, flowering and maturity, shorter lag period, and shorter duration and higher rate of grain filling, giving higher grain yield. For the developmental stages after heading, larger differences were observed in the lag period while differences in duration of grain filling period were relatively small among the cultivars. Depending on the specific Fl population, there was a tendency toward dominance for early heading, a range from no to complete dominance for early flowering and no dominance for physiological maturity. Long duration and fast rate of grain filling were generally dominant. Grain yield was positively associated with the number of days to heading, flowering and physiological maturity. Also positive associations of grain yield were obtained with tiller number, kernel weight, grain weight per spike, biological yield and rate of grain filling. Negative associations of grain yield were noted with lag period and duration of grain filling period. No clear associations between physiological maturity and the yield components were found. Grain filling duration showed no association with yield components while grain filling rate exhibited positive association with tiller number and kernel weight. There was negative association between duration and rate of grain filling period. According to heading responses from different planting dates, Stephens and Yamhill Dwarf had high sensitivity while Selection CB 83- 52 and AI Feng 2 showed low sensitivity to vernalization. Genotype X environment interaction was observed with each cultivar responding differently for several traits depending on the planting dates.

Download or read book Studies on Protein Inheritance and Harvest Index in Wheat written by David Alan Knauft and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Possible Association Between Grain Protein Content and Yield as Influenced by Harvest Index and Biological Yield in Selected Hard Red Winter Wheat Triticum Aestivum L Crosses written by Jose M. Costa and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grain yield and grain protein are often negatively associated in wheat. When yield increases and grain protein decreases, there can be an adverse effect on the milling and baking quality if the desired end product is bread flour. It has been suggested that this inverse association is the result of selecting for a higher harvest index (ratio of grain yield to total biomass), to enhance grain yield. Parents, Fl, F2, and F3 generations of three crosses and reciprocal backcrosses of one cross were space-planted to study the association of grain protein content with grain and biological yields, harvest index, and related traits. Selection P5221, a high protein selection, was a common parent in crosses with three different genotypes. Differences were observed among generations within crosses for biological yield, grain yield, harvest index, grain protein content, grain hardness, and protein yield. The coefficients of variation for the measured traits were low for the three crosses. No associations between grain protein content and grain yield were observed in the populations studied. The largest association detected was between harvest index and grain protein. The r values ranged from -0.39 to -0.46, and rho was not different from -0.50 in two of the crosses. Path coefficient analyses revealed that this association was mostly due to the direct effect of harvest index on grain protein content, with little direct or indirect effect via other plant traits. In the cross P5221/ORCR 8313, biological yield exhibited a moderately large (0.64) direct effect on grain protein content; however this was offset by the negative indirect effect of tiller number. The R2 of the path analyses were relatively small for the three crosses, indicating that most of the variation in grain protein content was not explained by the variables included in the analyses. A possible negative association between grain protein content and harvest index, although moderate, suggests that selection for high yield should not be based on further increases of harvest index because grain protein could decrease.

Download or read book Nature of Inheritance Genotype environment Interaction and Association of Selected Agronomic Characters in Crosses of Winter X Spring Wheats Triticum Aestivum L Em Thell written by P. Brajcich and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This investigation was motivated by the apparent increase in genetic variability resulting from the systematic combining of gene pools represented by winter and spring types of wheats. It was the objective of this study to provide information regarding the nature of this genetic variability for nine agronomic characters in populations resulting from winter x spring crosses. Evaluations were made for: 1) the amount of total genetic variability; 2) the nature of the gene action making up this genetic variability using parent-progeny regression and combining ability analysis and 3) possible direct and indirect associations for traits which influence grain yield. Experimental populations which involved parents, Fl, F2 and backcross generations were grown at two locations where a spring and a winter environment could be utilized. At the winter site, the research was evaluated over a two year period. When the two experimental sites were compared, greater genetic diversity was observed at the spring site for maturity date, plant height, tillers per plant, kernel weight and grain yield. At the winter site, heading date, grain filling period, harvest index and kernels per spike were found to have more total genetic variation. From the expected mean square values, it would appear that the winter parents contributed more to the total genetic variation for most traits measured at both locations. A large genotype-location interaction was also noted suggesting that estimates of gene action and selection for adapted plant types can be done only at the specific winter or spring site. A large portion of the total genetic variation controlling the traits measured was due to additive gene action. However, at the winter site there was also a large influence of non-additive gene action associated with heading date, plant height, harvest index, tillers per plant, kernel weight, kernels per spike and grain yield. Of special interest was that at the winter site the most promising parental combinations could be predicted based on the general combining ability effects of the individual cultivars for each trait studied. Such data were not available for the spring site. Consistent and high correlations were observed between tillers per plant, kernels per spike and, to a lesser extent, kernel weight and grain yield at the winter location. Some negative associations were observed at the spring location between these traits and grain yield suggesting that yield component compensations were involved in the final expression of grain yield. The other characters measured did not reflect significant correlations with yield. When the correlation values were considered in terms of direct and indirect effects for specific traits, a large direct effect was noted for the three components and grain yield. The other traits exhibited small or no direct effects on grain yield but did have a slight influence on grain yield through tillers per plant, kernels per spike or kernel weight.

Download or read book Genetic Variability for Kernel Hardness in Two Soft Winter Wheat Triticum Aestivum L Cultivators written by Muhammed S. Albahouh and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To remain competitive in the international marketplace, soft white wheat cultivars grown in the Pacific Northwest must have consistent and predictable flour properties including kernel texture. As a consequence, there is a need to develop wheat cultivars for specific end uses. Wheat cultivars with very soft kernels are used largely for making cookies and cakes. Harder soft white wheats are more suitable for noodles and flat breads. Numerous studies have been made to determine the inheritance of kernel texture between hard and soft wheat; however, very little information is available concerning the amount of genetic variability within soft white wheat. Reciprocal crosses were made between a very soft (TJB/MON"S") and a soft (Yamhill) white winter wheat genotype. Data were collected on an individual plant basis for kernel texture, protein content, and eight selected agronomic traits. Kernel hardness and protein content were determined using the near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIR). Genetic differences for kernel texture and the other nine traits were found between the two parents and the resulting F1 progenies. It would appear that kernel texture is qualitatively inherited with one or more genes reflecting additive and nonadditive gene action. However, a large component of non-genetic variation was also detected. Of particular interest was the apparent reciprocal differences found between Fl populations for most of the traits measured and particularly kernel texture. However, for kernel texture, such differences were not due to a dosage effect of the 3n endosperm. Kernel texture was not found to be associated with protein content. A negative association of kernel texture with heading date would suggest a compromise may be necessary when selecting these traits. Positive associations were found between kernel hardness with number of tillers, total biological yield, grain yield, and number of kernels per spike.

Download or read book Response of Grain Yield Plant Height and Kernel Weight in Three Winter Wheat Crosses Triticum Aestivum L Em Thell to Different Methods of Selection written by Jose Juan Salmeron-Zamora and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was undertaken to see if a method of handling segregating populations could be employed which combined the positive attributes of the traditional pedigree and-bulk methods. Derived F5 lines from the pedigree, bulk, and what is identified as a modified bulk method, were obtained from three winter wheat crosses. The effectiveness of the methods, representing different cycles of phenotypic selection, were evaluated in terms of plant height, plant ideotype and indirectly kernel weight and grain yield. To assess differences in levels of heterogeneity in relation to possible line x environment interactions, the material was grown at three diverse experimental sites. The modified bulk method was as effective as the pedigree method in establishing the desired semi-dwarf height level. Due to the competitive advantage of taller plants, dwarf and semi-dwarf height levels were eliminated in the unselected populations resulting from the bulk method. Although differences were observed for kernel weight between methods, no consistent trends for this trait were established when crosses and locations were considered. Based on the combined mean values of the F5 lines for each method across and within locations, the modified bulk method was superior for grain yield in only one cross. However, when individual F5 lines were compared, a higher percentage of lines obtained from the modified bulk method were superior across and within locations in two of the crosses. Data from this study suggests that to reduce the variety x environment interaction it is important to maintain a level of genetic heterogeneity within varieties. The modified bulk method does appear to be an efficient compromise in handling segregating populations when compared to the traditional pedigree and bulk methods. It is also more efficient in terms of maximizing limited resources which can be important in developing countries where funds and trained scientist are limited.

Download or read book Inheritance of Grain Protein and Lysine in Crosses of Three High protein Wheats Triticum Aestivum L written by Allen Louis Diehl and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluating Grain Yield as Influenced by Biological Yield and Harvest Index in Four Winter Wheat Triticum Aestivum Crosses Involving Near isogenic Lines written by Mohammad Moznur Rahman and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crosses between four near isogenic lines for height reducing genes Rht1 and Rht2 and one agronomically superior dwarf line, including generations through F3 with reciprocal backcrosses constituted the experimental materials. Mean, range and standard deviation values for eleven traits pertaining to the different generations were obtained. Heterosis and inbreeding depression along with broad and narrow sense heritability estimates for the traits provided information regarding nature of gene action. Possible relationship between selected traits were also determined. The amount of genetic diversity between crosses depended upon the number and specific dwarfing genes involved. A limited number of traits were different in crosses involving either Rht1 or Rht2 isolines. This may have resulted since 'Yamhill Dwarf also carries the Rht1 allele. For generations, differences were detected for all eleven traits measured. The cross involving the standard height isoline (rht1rht2) and Yamhill Dwarf registered the highest mean values for plant height, grain yield, 300-kernel weight and biological yield; but had the lowest value for harvest index. Increased grain yield was more a function of higher "biological yield" than "harvest index" in all crosses and populations examined. Consistent and positive associations were also found between grain yield and biological yield; however the same was not true for grain yield with harvest index where little or no associations were detected for any of the crosses. Heterosis estimates were high for most traits in rht1Rht2/Yamhill Dwarf cross and low in the cross Rht1rht2/Yamhill Dwarf. Inconsistent broad and narrow sense heritability estimates were observed in several crosses for most traits measured. The one exception was for 300-kernel weight, being relatively high and consistent in all crosses except Rht1Rht2/Yamhill Dwarf. In some instances, negative narrow sense heritability estimates were realized. This was particularly true for the cross between the standard height isoline (rht1rht2) and Yamhill Dwarf. Also, depending on the cross and trait measured, larger narrow sense heritability estimates were obtained when compared to the broad sense estimates. This could reflect some sampling error or a large genotype X environmental interaction which was observed.

Download or read book Grain Protein Inheritance and Selection Studies in Four Spring Wheat Crosses written by Thomas Lawrence Rauch and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: