Download or read book Infrared Multiple Photon Dissociation Mass Spectrometry of Monosaccharides Disaccharides Trisaccharides and Their Derivatives for Isomeric Differentiation written by Yanglan Tan and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sulfates which were structurally elucidated by IRMPD spectroscopy with a tunable OPO. The IRMPD spectra of monosaccharide derivative isomers displayed remarkable differences in the O-H and N-H stretching IR region. The results also suggested that gas-phase conformation, affected by ionization state or chemical modifications, exhibited diagnostic IR absorbances and characteristic photodissociation behavior. In Chapter 5, a top-down approach was employed to characterize isomeric variants of glucose-based trisaccharides. The trisaccharides were fragmented and mass selected to the key disaccharide fragments. The linkage and anomericity of the disaccharide substructures were then differentiated by wavelength-dependent IRMPD using the CO2 laser. On the basis of these results, variable-wavelength IRMPD provides a promising method to characterize carbohydrate structures and thus differentiate isomer variants by mass spectrometry.

Download or read book The Use of Infrared Multiple Photon Dissociation and Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry to Study the Thermochemical Dynamics of Dephosphorylation and the Spectral and Density Functional Theory Determined Structural Characteristics of Monosaccharide Isomers written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photon (vibrationally resonant) induced dissociation or action spectra, spanning the C-H-and O-H stretch regions, were then acquired for four rubidium cation-bound glycosides. Comparison of the experimental and Density Functional Theory calculated spectra revealed a network of intermolecular hydrogen bonding and rubidium attachments that provided the means to differentiate D-glucoside and D-galactoside anomers in the O-H stretching region of the infrared spectrum. In the second project, two cw-CO2 lasers were also set up for gas-phase experiments. Dephosphorylation rate constants (at varying laser powers) were obtained for both positively and negatively charged phosphopeptide ions at three different wavelengths. In these experiments, the dissociation rate constants favored the negatively charged species at all wavelengths (a result of lower activation energies) as the overall Arrhenius activation energies were independent of vibrational mode intensities.

Download or read book Growth of the World Tanker Fleet in 1956 nineteen Hundred and Fifty six with Special Reference to the Suez Crisis Prelim Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mass selected Infrared Multiple photon Dissociation as a Structural Probe of Gaseous Ion molecule Complexes written by Richard Alexander Marta and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mass-selected infrared multiple photon spectroscopy (IRMPD), Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) kinetic experiments, RRKM and electronic structure calculations have been performed in order to propose a complex mechanism involving the formation of the proton-bound dimer of water (H5O2) from 1,1,3,3-tetrafluorodimethyl ether. It has been found that the reaction is facilitated by a series of sequential exothermic bimolecular ion-molecule reactions. Evidence for the dominant mechanistic pathway involving the reaction of CF2H-O=CHF2, an ion of m/z 99, with water is presented. The primary channel occurs via nucleophilic attack of water on the ion of m/z 99 (CF2H-O=CHF), to lose formyl fluoride and yield protonated difluoromethanol (m/z 69). Association of a second water molecule with protonated difluoromethanol generates a reactive intermediate which decomposes via a 1,4-elimination to release hydrogen fluoride and yield the proton-bound dimer of water and formyl fluoride (m/z 67). The 1,4-elimination of hydrogen fluoride is found to be strongly supported by the results of both RRKM theory and electronic structure calculations. Lastly, the elimination of formyl fluoride occurs by the association of a third water molecule to produce H5O2 (m/z 37). The most probable isomeric forms of the ions with m/z 99 and 69 were found using IRMPD spectroscopy and electronic structure theory calculations. Thermochemical information for reactant, transition and product species was obtained using MP2/aug-cc-pVQZ//MP2(full)/6-31G(d) level of theory.

Download or read book Characterization of Several Small Biologically Relevant Molecules by Infrared Multiple Photon Dissociation Spectroscopy and Electronic Structure Calculations written by Sabrina M. Martens and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy has been coupled with electronic structure calculations in order to elucidate the structures of several small biological molecules including: uracil, 5-fluorouracil, 5-fluorocytosine, ferulic acid, and a number of their related analogs. IRMPD is a powerful technique, that when combined with electronic structure calculations can provide convincing evidence for the structural characterization of ions in the gas phase. Isomers of uracil and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) have been characterized by calculations performed at the MP2(full)/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory; however, infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy experiments proved to be unsuccessful for these species. Geometry optimization and frequency calculations have isolated the dominant isomer(s) for neutral and deprotonated uracil and 5-fluorouracil, along with several cluster interactions involving water, methanol, ammonia, and methylamine. For both uracil and 5-FU, a single relevant neutral isomer was determined, with each isomer existing in the diketo, as opposed to the enol form. Following the deprotonation of this neutral isomer, both uracil and 5-FU were permitted to form anionic cluster ions with water, methanol, ammonia, or methylamine, and based on the relative Gibbs free energies (298 K) of the calculated isomers, relevant cluster interactions were determined. For each cluster, several sites of intramolecular interaction were found to exist; however, interaction at the site of deprotonation was the most favourable in every instance. Ionic hydrogen bond interactions have been found in several clusters formed by 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC).

Download or read book Infrared Multiple Photon Dissociation Spectra of Gaseous Ions written by Dilrukshi Manjalika Patuwathavithana Peiris and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Infrared Multiple photon Dissociation of Small Organic Sulfoxides written by Marko Peter Banjavčiʹc and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The infrared multiple-photon dissociation of several small organic sulfoxides was studied in order to provide some insight in the dissociative product channels for this class of molecules. Vibrational excitation was achieved with a TEA CO2 laser and photofragments were identified with a laser ionized time of light mass spectrometer. A beam of 10.5 eV photons generated in a static xenon gas tripling cell from a tightly focused Nd:YAG third harmonic beam of light was used to ionize the molecules and fragment species. The photoionization mass spectra were found to contain fewer fragmentation species than the corresponding electron impact ionization mass spectra. Numerous product species were observed from skeletal rearrangement reactions despite the lower level of energy excitation from the photoionization process. The infrared photolysis wavelength dependence of dimethyl sulfoxide indicated that the maximum abundance for the major fragmentation species occurred at (or near) 1085.8 cm−1. The major products at 1085.8 cm−1 were [H3CSO]+ and [CH3]+. Minor products were also observed at a higher output power threshold like the skeletal rearrangement species [H3CS]+ and [OCH3]+. With the infrared photolysis wavelength dependence of methyl phenyl sulfoxide, the major product species ([CH3]+ and [OSCH3]+) had a maximum abundance near 1086.9 cm−1 . Small mass fragment species (like [HCS]+, [C4H5]+ and [C4H3]+) had a maximum abundance near 1080 cm−1 while large mass fragment species ([C6H8S]+ and [C6H5SO]+) had a maximum abundance that was further red-shifted (1058.9 and 1050.4 cm−1 , respectively). The photolysis at 1085.8 cm−1 generated the high mass fragment species ([C6H5SO]+, [C6H8S]+ and [C5H5S]+) at all CO2 laser output powers but a plateau in the abundance was observed at higher output powers. The smaller mass fragmentation species only appeared after a threshold power was surpassed. The maximum abundance for the various fragmentation species of sec-butyl methyl sulfoxide occurred near 1072 cm−1. The CO2 laser output power dependence for the formation of the butane, butyl and butene ions indicated all three were generated at all output powers with an abundance plateau or decline occurring at higher output powers. Fragmentation species were observed from the butyl group primary products with the power threshold increasing for the sequentially smaller secondary species.

Download or read book Assessing Isomeric Heterogeneity of Carbohydrates by Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry IMMS written by Hongli Li and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: IMMS analysis is fast, sensitive, universal, is capable of resolving isomers and is able to provide unique mobility identities and valuable MS n data on the basis of mobility resolved species including precursor and product ions. Ultimately, IMMS could serve as a novel tool for high throughput identification of glycoprotein.

Download or read book Laser Photodissociation and Spectroscopy of Mass separated Biomolecular Ions written by Nicolas C. Polfer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This lecture notes book presents how enhanced structural information of biomolecular ions can be obtained from interaction with photons of specific frequency - laser light. The methods described in the book "Laser photodissociation and spectroscopy of mass-separated biomolecular ions" make use of the fact that the discrete energy and fast time scale of photoexcitation can provide more control in ion activation. This activation is the crucial process producing structure-informative product ions that cannot be generated with more conventional heating methods, such as collisional activation. The book describes how the powerful separation capabilities and sensitivity of mass spectrometry (MS) can be combined with the structural insights from spectroscopy by measuring vibrational and electronic spectra of trapped analytes. The implementation of laser-based photodissociation techniques in MS requires basic knowledge of tunable light sources and ion trapping devices. This book introduces the reader to key concepts and approaches in molecular spectroscopy, and the light sources and ion traps employed in such experiments. The power of the methods is demonstrated by spectroscopic interrogation of a range of important biomolecular systems, including peptides, proteins, and saccharides, with laser light in the ultraviolet-visible, and infrared range. The book "Laser photodissociation and spectroscopy of mass-separated biomolecular ions" is an indispensable resource for students and researchers engaged or interested in this emerging field. It provides the solid background of key concepts and technologies for the measurements, discusses state-of-the-art experiments, and provides an outlook on future developments and applications.

Download or read book Prebiotics and Probiotics Science and Technology written by Dimitris Charalampopoulos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-08-12 with total page 1273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview on the advances in the field, this volume presents the science underpinning the probiotic and prebiotic effects, the latest in vivo studies, the technological issues in the development and manufacture of these types of products, and the regulatory issues involved. It will be a useful reference for both scientists and technologists working in academic and governmental institutes, and the industry.

Download or read book Polymer Science Dictionary written by Mark Alger and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-19 with total page 1012 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 3rd edition of this important dictionary offers more than 12,000 entries with expanded encyclopaedic-style definitions making this major reference work invaluable to practitioners, researchers and students working in the area of polymer science and technology. This new edition now includes entries on computer simulation and modeling, surface and interfacial properties and their characterization, functional and smart polymers. New and controlled architectures of polymers, especially dendrimers and controlled radical polymerization are also covered.

Download or read book Methodology for Structural Analysis of Polysaccharides written by Qingbin Guo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-08 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by an academic and industry insider, this book provides an informed study on polysaccharide structural analysis and characterization. Specifically focused on analytical techniques, methodologies, and interpretation of data, featured topics include: monosaccharide composition; methylation analysis; 1D & 2D NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and MALDI-TOF- (MS) Mas spectrometry. This book is aimed at advanced undergraduates, academic and industrial researchers and professionals studying or using biobased polymers.

Download or read book Quantum Biological Information Theory written by Ivan B. Djordjevic and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-05 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a self-contained, tutorial-based introduction to quantum information theory and quantum biology. It serves as a single-source reference to the topic for researchers in bioengineering, communications engineering, electrical engineering, applied mathematics, biology, computer science, and physics. The book provides all the essential principles of the quantum biological information theory required to describe the quantum information transfer from DNA to proteins, the sources of genetic noise and genetic errors as well as their effects. Integrates quantum information and quantum biology concepts; Assumes only knowledge of basic concepts of vector algebra at undergraduate level; Provides a thorough introduction to basic concepts of quantum information processing, quantum information theory, and quantum biology; Includes in-depth discussion of the quantum biological channel modelling, quantum biological channel capacity calculation, quantum models of aging, quantum models of evolution, quantum models on tumor and cancer development, quantum modeling of bird navigation compass, quantum aspects of photosynthesis, quantum biological error correction.

Download or read book Isotope Effects In Chemistry and Biology written by Amnon Kohen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-11-01 with total page 1092 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of isotope effects has expanded exponentially in the last decade, and researchers are finding isotopes increasingly useful in their studies. Bringing literature on the subject up to date, Isotope Effects in Chemistry and Biology covers current principles, methods, and a broad range of applications of isotope effects in the physical, biolo

Download or read book Principles of Human Nutrition written by Martin Eastwood and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-06-05 with total page 1088 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This exciting new book is the updated and revised second edition of an extremely popular and well-received textbook. Written by Martin Eastwood, well respected internationally in nutritional sciences, this important new edition provides students with a thorough book that should be adopted for course use on many courses worldwide. Taking into account constructive comments received by students and teachers who used and enjoyed the first edition, this new edition retains the original freshness of the 1st edition, looking at nutrition as an exciting discipline. Special features within the book to help students include summaries, boxes and questions. Carefully laid out to assist learning, the book is divided broadly into sections, providing in-depth coverage of the following subjects: food in the community metabolism of nutrients by an individual, dictated by genetic makeup, measurement of an individual’s nutritional status essential, non-essential and non-nutrients; their selection, ingestion, digestion, absorption and metabolism nutritional requirements in the normal individual and for specific diseases Principles of Human Nutrition, 2nd Edition is primarily written as a course text for those studying degree courses in nutrition and dietetics and for students on modular courses on nutrition within other degree courses, e.g. food studies, medicine, health sciences, nursing and biological sciences. It is also of great value as a reference for professional nutritionists and dietitians, food scientists and health professionals based in academia, in practice and in commercial positions such as within the food and pharmaceutical industries. Multiple copies of this valuable book should also be on the shelves of all universities, medical schools and research establishments where these subjects are studied and taught. For supplementary material associated with this textbook and its contents, please visit the web pages for this book, on the publishers’ website: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/eastwood/ Martin Eastwood was formerly consultant gastroenterologist at the Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, U. K. and Reader in Medicine at the University of Edinburgh, U. K.

Download or read book Bioinformatics for Glycobiology and Glycomics written by Claus-Wilhelm von der Lieth and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-10-01 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first to be dedicated to the bioinformatics of carbohydrates and glycoproteins. It provides an introduction to this emerging field of science both for the experimentalist working in glycobiology and glycomics, and also for the computer scientist looking for background information for the development of highly sophisticated algorithmic approaches. The book provides an overview of the state-of-the-art in the field, with reviews on databases, and the tools in use for analysis, interpretation, and prediction of the structures of complex carbohydrates, and demonstrates the value of bioinformatics for glycobiology. The availability of comprehensive databases and corresponding bioinformatics tools, to access and analyse the large amounts of experimental data relating to the structure of carbohydrates, will be a prerequisite for the success of the large-scale glycomics projects that aim to decipher new, so far unknown, biological functions of glycans. Efficient bioinformatics descriptions and tools can considerably enhance the efficiency of glycomics research, in terms of data quality, analysis and experimental costs. For a complete understanding of the molecular processes in which carbohydrates are involved, such as protein–carbohydrate interactions and the impact of glycosylation on protein function, knowledge of the 3D structure of the carbohydrate, the protein–carbohydrate complex, or the glycoprotein is often indispensable. This book provides a thorough introduction into methods used for conformational analysis of carbohydrates. Key features: Describes bioinformatic approaches to handle carbohydrate-active enzymes and glycosylation. Provides an overview on bioinformatics tools that facilitate analysis of carbohydrate structures. Gives introduction into molecular modelling of carbohydrate 3D structure and carbohydrates contained in the Protein Databank. Assumes only a basic knowledge of biology and bioinformatics.

Download or read book The Art of Carbohydrate Analysis written by Gerrit J. Gerwig and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-23 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growing importance of glycobiology and carbohydrate chemistry in modern biotechnology and the pharmaceutical industry makes accurate carbohydrate analysis indispensable. This book provides the principles and protocols of various fundamental carbohydrate analysis methods. Choice of method is entirely dependent upon the type of material being investigated (biological samples, food products, etc.), and the level of structural detail required, i.e. sugar content, compositional analysis, linkages between the sugar components, or the total chemical structure of a given molecule. Full structural characterization of carbohydrate chains requires significant time, resources, and skill in several methods of analysis; no single technique can address all glycan analysis needs. This book summarizes several existing analytical techniques (both chemical and physical) in an introductory volume designed for the non-expert researcher or novice scientist. While background in carbohydrate chemistry is assumed, all information necessary to understanding the described techniques is addressed in the text.