Download or read book Informed Trading and Option Prices written by Pierre Dufresne and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Informed Trading in Options Markets and Its Information Value written by Justin Vitanza and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In this paper, I present evidence that informed traders represent a large enough portion of option market activity to impact market prices. By entering the market on the long side before positive or negative events, they drive up both open interest and ask prices, while bid prices remain relatively stable. Seeing this pattern is indicative of either positive (when found in calls) or negative (for puts) future news announcements. When conditioning on these announcements, we also see that this pattern predicts return reactions. In particular, information embedded in option prices is useful in predicting earnings surprises and reactions to mergers. My primary measure of option information content is the change in the difference between implied volatility and realized daily volatility measured over the previous month. With hindsight, this difference rises prior to positive announcements for call options, while it rises prior to negative announcements for put options. This differential behavior provides strong evidence that these assets are not redundant in practice, as is often implied by option pricing models. Further, this information constitutes a primary risk factor in equity markets, as positive announcement risk is positively related to future returns due to the procyclicality of these announcements. Efficiently utilizing this information suggests a long-short trading strategy that yields over 1.2 percent per month. This strategy also completely explains the call-put volatility spread anomaly and is robust to controls for aggregate volatility sensitivity and known metrics that purport to monitor informed trading"--Page v.

Download or read book An Empirical Examination of Informed Trading in the Option Market written by Thi Thanh Van Le and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite a growing research interest in option trading and its impact on the pricing of the underlying asset, the role of options as a vehicle for informed trading remains an important economic question which has not yet been fully explored. In fact, even though academics have often argued that informed traders may prefer to trade in the option market rather than the equity market1, the question of whether (and to what extent) such a proposition would hold in practice has not been systematically addressed in the literature. This overarching research problem forms the foundation of this doctoral research project, leading to two important research questions. First, if investors do in fact use options to trade on information about underlying stock prices in practice, what implications does this have for the option (stock) pricing and forecasting? Second, what are the key factors driving traders' decisions to trade on new information in one market over another? These two issues correspond to the two gaps found in the extant literature on option trading, and also in the strand of empirical studies focusing on the role of options as a mechanism for trading on information about the underlying asset. To explore these research questions, three interrelated projects have been undertaken, each with a unique contribution to informing the research topic. These closely related investigations jointly provide consolidated answers to the two research questions raised previously. In response to the first research question, we pursue two strands of empirical investigation to examine the presence of informed trading in the option market. Firstly, we investigate the extent to which the information content extracted from options trading can be used to enhance predictions of the future volatility realised by underlying stocks. Secondly, we examine the price impact of information trading activities within the option market, focusing especially on the way in which the level of trading activities can explain and predict the future dynamics of the option implied volatility smile. Both of these strands yield evidence in support of information trading activities existing in the option market. Regarding the second research question, our collective evidence indicates that the allocation of informed traders between option and stock markets depends on the trade-off of transaction costs and trading opportunities existing in two related markets. This finding has consistently been corroborated by separate evidence emerging from our independent investigations. We found that the degree of information trading in the option market varies across different stocks, corresponding to variations in the level of individual stock liquidity. It has also been found that the degree of information asymmetry of option trades changed in response to changes in trading costs driven by regulatory changes observed during the 2008 short-sale ban. This research makes a valuable contribution to the field of option research. From the theoretical perspective, it addresses significant gaps in the existing literature and extends our understanding of informed trading activities in the option market. In particular, it contributes to the body of knowledge on the economic value of derivatives by investigating the critical role they have played in the process of incorporating new information into the market. From the practical perspective, it proposes a simple-yet-effective technique which employs trading volume to improve forecasts of the underlying stock volatility and of the option implied volatility (price) respectively. Since volatility plays such a central role in the practice of derivatives trading, risk analysis and portfolio management, better forecasts of these quantities are clearly important and highly regarded by practitioners. 1 Mainly due to higher financial leverages, reduced transactions costs and wider trading opportunities (eg speculation on volatility) (Black, 1975).

Download or read book The nature of informed option trading written by Marco Klapper and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2013-09-25 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2013 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 8.5 (A+), Erasmus University Rotterdam (Rotterdam School of Management), language: English, abstract: This thesis examines the kind of information “informed” traders have prior to a takeover announcement using options of target firms. I find that option liquidity rises before a takeover announcement, indicating the presence of informed traders. Using 2,390 M&A events, I show that the implied volatility (IV) skew and the relative option-to-stock trading volume O/S predict negatively on target announcement returns, but that the difference between implied volatilities of calls and puts (IV spread) has no predictive power. The main results indicate that the predictive power of these three informed option trading proxies increases if target management is entrenched and if the bidder and the target are in the same industry. I conclude that informed trading is partially driven by industry insiders with specific knowledge about the future acquisition. However, the results are only significant for one or two informed option trading proxies at a time.

Download or read book Informed Trading in the Index Option Market written by Andreas Kaeck and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We propose a structural vector autoregressive (VAR) model of informed trading in option markets to analyze whether investors use options to trade on private information about the underlying price and/or the underlying's volatility. We decompose option order flow into exposures to the underlying asset (through the option delta) and its volatility (through the option vega). Our proposed methodological framework facilitates meaningfully aggregation of option order flows for different strike prices and maturities, and increases statistical power to identify informed trading. A fitted model confirms that S&P500 option trades are indeed informative about changes in both the underlying and volatility.

Download or read book Informed Option Trading Strategies written by Cyriel de Jong and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We use a sequential trade model to clarify two mechanisms following the introduction of an option that may lead to increased efficiency in the underlying. On the one hand, market makers learn from trades in the option market and set more accurate prices. On the other hand, the proportion of informed traders in the stock market may be altered depending on the informed traders' strategies. If insiders trade a larger fraction than uninformed traders in the stock, for example because the immediate profits in the stock are larger, spreads in the stock widen, and price errors may increase. This reduces the efficiency increase from the 'learning' effect, possibly to the extent that overall efficiency deteriorates. We use simulations to analyze the resulting impact in a dynamic setting. For realistic parameter values we find that option trading leads to lower price errors in the underlying. The more popular options are, the more quickly information is incorporated in the underlying prices. However, uninformed traders do not necessarily benefit from this speedier convergence. Their stock performance crucially depends on the insider's trading strategy and the fraction of informed trading.

Download or read book Does Informed Trading Occur in the Options Market Some Revealing Clues written by Natividad Blasco and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyses the relationship between proxy variables for informed trading in the options market and a set of exogenous news variables. The aim is to test directly for the presence or absence of informed trading in the options market and for the possible impact of this trading on underlying asset prices. Our findings reveal that potential informed trading in options markets is channelled basically through out-of-the-money options (OTM), except for volatility trading which mainly involves at-the-money options ATM because of their liquidity. In both cases, news is followed by investors engaging in stealth trading in order conceal their private information. Finally, it is shown that lack of consensus among agents also generates increased trading, particularly in OTM options.

Download or read book Options Trading 3 Books in 1 written by Nathan Bell and published by Youcanprint. This book was released on 2021-08-25 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Have you been desiring to start trading different financial instruments like stocks and options but have been hesitant about it because you don't know where to start? And are you looking for a guide that will cover the A-Z in simple, step by step language that you can follow with ease and apply that information to profit from stocks and options trading, while keeping your exposure to risks low? If you've answered YES, keep reading… You Are About To Discover The Secrets That Successful Traders Don't Want To Share With The Unsuccessful Ones And How To Apply This Information To Profit From Stocks And Options Trading, Just Like The Pros! By virtue that you are reading this, it is clear you've across the concept of stock and options trading somewhere, got drawn to it and are curious to learn more about it so that you too can venture into trading stocks and options fully aware of how to go about it. It is also likely that you are scared of losing money as you begin this journey and are probably looking for answers to all the questions going through your mind… Where do you start as far as trading financial assets is concerned? What do you need to learn? How do you analyze the markets so as to make informed trading decisions? What are the dos and don'ts you need to be aware of? How do you mitigate your exposure to risks? Which broker should you use – what steps do you need to take to begin? If you have these and other related questions, this 3 in 1 book is for you so keep reading… In it, you will learn: • The basics of options, including what they are, how they work, their pricing, the categories and the lingo used in options trading • Why you should venture trading in options, including the risks that come with that • What makes a successful options trader • How to buy, sell or exercise options, including how to select the right options strategy • How to buy call or put options professionally • How to sell covered call options and naked call options like a pro • The ins and outs of options trading time frames • How to trade signals and avoid mistakes in options trading • How to choose the right trades • Powerful tips for success • How to find the perfect broker • How to figure out the market phases • The difference between call options and put options • How to manage your portfolio • How to make prudent trade exits • The options mistakes beginners make that you need to avoid • How the stock market works • How to know whether the stock market is for you • The myths about the stock market • How to become a successful stock market investor • How to make your first stock purchase • How to minimize losses and maximize gains • How to begin investing in stocks with $100 or less • How to turn your stock portfolio into a cash flow machine • How to trade momentum stocks • How to leverage the insider tricks that professional traders use • How to identify a stock that is just about to explode higher …And much, much more! Are you ready to get started on your journey to building a six-figure income by following the footsteps of the most successful traders, even if you are a complete beginner? This simple, practical and fun to read guide is here to guide you! Click Buy Now With 1-Click or Buy Now to get started!

Download or read book Complete Markets Informed Trading and Equity Option Introductions written by Robert W. Faff and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper proposes and tests a new hypothesis concerning the price impact of option introductions on the underlying asset. In contrast to earlier research that has failed to explain the flipping of positive excess returns to negative excess returns on the listing date over the past thirty years for US optioned stocks, we find using an alternative dataset, strong evidence to suggest that an influx of informed traders in the option markethas been a major factor in the equity price changes associated with option listing.

Download or read book Speculation or Insider Trading written by Tom Arnold and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In our sample of 305 cash tender offers occurring between 1993 and 1998, we find evidence that the options market has become the preferred trading venue for informed traders. Given this result, we analyze individual call option contracts for those tender offer targets with traded options, identifying the one optimal insider contract which maximizes the returns to insiders with perfect knowledge of a pending tender offer. This analysis allows us to test the competing market anticipation and insider trading theories of pre-bid stock price and volume run-ups using the trading patterns of options which should be preferred by insiders and those preferred by speculators. Our individual contract analysis is consistent with both theories as we find trading in both insider-preferred and speculator-preferred contracts drives aggregate call option volume run-ups. However, heavy trading in the optimal insider contract occurs on heavy volume days for all contracts. These results support the notion of Easley, O'Hara, and Srinivas (1998) that a substitution effect exists whereby informed traders prefer to trade in options markets when possible and that insiders will hide their trades within those of speculators.

Download or read book Volatility Information Trading in the Option Market written by Sophie Xiaoyan Ni and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates informed trading on stock volatility in the option market. Using a unique data set from the Chicago Board Options Exchange, we construct non-market maker net demand for stock volatility from the trading volume of individual equity options. We find that this volatility demand is informative about the future realized volatility of underlying stocks which suggests the presence of volatility information traders in the option market. We also examine asset pricing implications of volatility information trading by measuring Kyle's lambda: The impact on option prices for each unit increase in volatility demand. The price impact is positive which is consistent with the existence of informational asymmetry about stock volatility. More importantly, we link the time variation in the price impact to the time variation in the degree of informational asymmetry. In particular, the price impact increases by over 50 percent as informational asymmetry about stock volatility intensifies in the days leading up to earnings announcements and diminishes to its normal level soon after the volatility uncertainty is resolved.

Download or read book Margin Rules Informed Trading in Derivatives and Price Dynamics written by Kose John and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze the impact of option trading and margin rules on the behavior of informed traders and on the microstructure of stock and option markets. In the absence of binding margin requirements, the introduction of an options market causes informed traders to exhibit a relative trading bias towards the stock because of its greater information sensitivity. In turn, this widens the stock's bid-ask spread. But when informed traders are subject to margin requirements, their bias towards the stock is enhanced or mitigated depending on the leverage provided by the option relative to the stock, leading to wider or narrower stock bid-ask spreads. The introduction of option trading, with or without margin requirements, unambiguously improves the informational efficiency of stock prices. Margin rules improve market efficiency when stock and option margins are sufficiently large or small but not when they are of moderate size.

Download or read book Option Day Trading A Beginner s Guide to Option Day Trading written by Chetan Singh and published by Chetan Singh. This book was released on with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Option Day Trading: A Beginner's Guide to Option Day Trading" is the perfect book for anyone who wants to learn how to trade options. Whether you're a complete beginner or an experienced trader looking to improve your skills, this book provides a complete guide to options day trading. The options trading book covers all the essential concepts and terminology that you need to know to get started with options trading. It explains the advantages and risks of options trading, the different types of options, and the key factors that affect option pricing. In addition, the options trading books for beginners cover popular option trading strategies, including long calls and puts, vertical spreads, butterfly spreads, straddles, strangles, and iron condors. It provides tips on how to choose the right strategy for different market conditions, and how to manage risk through position sizing and trade management. Finally, the day trading options book covers the psychology of trading and how to overcome common emotional pitfalls, as well as more advanced topics such as volatility trading, options on futures, and trading for income.

Download or read book The Information Content of Options written by Yonatan Navon and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this thesis is to examine the information content of stock options in financial markets. A key question in financial economics is how information diffuses across markets and how quickly it is reflected in security prices. This thesis aims at exploring this question by investigating the informational role that options play in financial markets. This is achieved by exploring the joint cross section of option and bond prices, the informational role of options in seasoned equity offerings (SEOs), and the information content of options trading prior to announcements of changes to the S&P 500 Index.The thesis comprises three essays, each exploring the information content of equity options trading from a different angle. The first essay examines the joint cross section of option implied volatility and corporate bond returns. Theoretical and empirical work in finance suggests that stocks and bonds of the same issuing firm should share common risk factors. Therefore, new information about a firm should affect both its stock and bond prices. However, if one market offers trading incentives over other markets, informed traders and traders with better ability to process information may choose to trade in that market over the others. As a result, markets that provide advantages to informed traders will incorporate information prior to other markets. The empirical analysis in this chapter reveals that options trading is strongly predictive of corporate bond returns. A strategy of buying (selling) the portfolio with the lowest (highest) changes in option implied volatility yields an average monthly excess bond return of 1.03%. This strategy is statistically highly significant and economically very meaningful and indicates that information is incorporated into option prices prior to bond prices. In contrast, I find no evidence that bond prices incorporate information prior to option or stock prices. Since bond investors are generally sophisticated institutional investors who process information efficiently and the predictive ability of options is persistent, I conclude that informed trading rather than superior information processing abilities is responsible for the predictive ability of options.The second essay explores the information content of option implied volatility around the announcements and issue dates of SEOs. The literature on SEOs indicates that announcements and issue dates contain important information about firms and therefore provide profitable opportunities for traders with private information. While prior research has focused on the information content of short sales around SEOs, this study focuses on the information content of options which can act as an alternative for short selling. The empirical analysis provides evidence of informed trading in the options market around SEO announcements. Around SEO issue dates, I find that higher demand for put options is significantly related to larger issue discounts which is consistent with the manipulative trading hypothesis. The results in this study indicate that regulators should consider extending the short-sale restrictions of Rule 105 to restrict trading in related securities.Finally, the third essay investigates the information content of options prior to the S&P 500 Index inclusion and exclusion announcements. These announcements are unique events since they are not announced by the firm and, as stated by S&P, they should convey no new information. In addition, the large abnormal returns observed following these announcements make them distinctive ground for testing the informational role of options. Consistent with the notion that informed traders operate in the options market, the empirical results in this essay indicate that there is a significant relationship between options trading preceding index inclusion announcements and abnormal returns following these announcements. In contrast, I find no evidence for a relationship between options trading and abnormal returns following exclusion announcements.

Download or read book Option Volume and Stock Prices written by David Easley and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Information in Option Volume for Stock Prices written by Allen M. Poteshman and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We find strong evidence of information transmission from the options market to underlying stock prices. Taking advantage of a unique dataset from the Chicago Board Options Exchange, we construct put to call volume ratios for underlying stocks, using only volume initiated by buyers to open new positions. Performing daily cross-sectional analyses from 1990 to 2001, we find that buying stocks with low put/call ratios and selling stocks with high put/call ratios generates an expected return of 40 basis points per day and 1 percent per week. This result is present during each year of our sample period, and is not affected by the exclusion of earnings announcement windows. Moreover, the result is stronger for smaller stocks, indicating that the options market may be a more important avenue for information transmission for stocks with less efficient information flow. Our analysis also sheds light on the type of investor behind the informed option trading. Specifically, we find that option trading from customers of full service brokers provides the strongest predictability, while that from firm proprietary traders is not informative. Furthermore, our analysis shows that while public customers on average trade in the options market as contrarians -- buying fresh new puts on stocks that have done well and calls on stocks that have done poorly, firm proprietary traders exhibit the opposite behavior. Finally, in contrast to the equity options market, we do not find any evidence of informed trading in the index options market.

Download or read book Why Do Option Prices Predict Stock Returns The Role of Price Pressure in the Stock Market written by Luis Goncalves-Pinto and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stock and options markets can disagree about a stock's value because of informed trading in options and/or price pressure in the stock. The predictability of stock returns based on this cross- market discrepancy in values is especially strong when accompanied by stock price pressure, and it does not depend on trading in options. We argue that option-implied prices provide an anchor for fundamental stock values that helps to distinguish stock price movements due to pressure versus news. Overall, our results are consistent with stock price pressure being the primary driver of the option price-based stock return predictability.