Download or read book Information Heterogeneity and Market Incompleteness written by Liam Graham and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Incomplete Information Heterogeneity and Asset Pricing written by Tony Berrada and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We consider a pure exchange economy where the drift of aggregate consumption is unobservable. Agents with heterogeneous beliefs and preferences act competitively on a financial and good markets. We discuss how equilibrium market prices of risk differ across agents, and in particular we discuss the properties of the market price of risk under the physical (objective) probability measure. We provide a number of specification of risk aversions and beliefs where the market price of risk is much higher than in the equivalent full information economy (homogeneous and heterogeneous preferences) and thus could provide an(other) answer to the equity premium puzzle. We also provide a representation of the equilibrium volatility and numerically assess the role of heterogeneity. We show that high level of stock volatility can be obtained with low level of aggregate consumption volatility when beliefs are heterogeneous. Finally we discuss how heterogeneity may explain the apparent predictability in stock return, and show that in-sample predictability can not be exploited by the agents, as it is in fact a result of their learning process.
Download or read book Incomplete Information and Heterogeneous Beliefs in Continuous time Finance written by Alexandre C. Ziegler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-02 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After a brief review of the existing incomplete information literature, the effect of incomplete information on investors' exptected utility, risky asset prices, and interest rates is described. It is demonstrated that increasing the quality of investors' information need not increase their expected utility and the prices of risky assets. The impact of other factors is discussed in detail. It is also demonstrated that financial markets in general do not aggregate information efficiently, a fact that can explain the equity premium puzzle.
Download or read book Model Uncertainty and Option Markets in Heterogeneous Economies written by Andrea Buraschi and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides option pricing and volume implications for an incomplete market economy with heterogenous agents who face model uncertainty and disagree on the dividend growth rate. Market incompleteness makes options non-redundant while heterogeneity creates a link between differences in beliefs and option volumes. We solve for both option prices and volumes and test the joint empirical implications using SP500 index option data. We use survey data to build an Index of Dispersion in Beliefs and find that a model which takes into account information heterogeneity can explain the dynamics of option volume better than reduced-form models with stochastic volatility. Moreover, its hedging performance is superior. Finally, we find that the Index of Dispersion in Beliefs is correlated with changes in the shape of the smile and it forecasts future realized volatility even after controlling for the current implied volatility.
Download or read book Market Incompleteness Consumption Heterogeneity and Commodity Price Shocks written by Damian Romero and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Equilibrium Existence and Approximation for Incomplete Market Models with Substantial Heterogeneity written by Thomas M. Mertens and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper contains an analysis of incomplete market models with finitely but arbitrarily many heterogeneous agents. We discuss the mathematical foundation for equilibrium conditions which leads to two findings. First, we establish existence of equilibria for small and large risks. Second, we develop a simple but general solution technique which handles many state and choice variables for each agent and thus an extremely high-dimensional state space. The method is based on perturbations around a point at which the solution is known. The novel idea is to exploit the symmetry of the problem to overcome the curse of dimensionality. We use the analysis to demonstrate the impact of heterogeneity on macroeconomic quantities and the pricing of risk. Furthermore, we set our technique apart from the standard method used in the literature.
Download or read book Three Essays on Heterogeneity Insurance and Asset Pricing written by Tsvetanka Karagyozova and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book One Fund Separation and Uniqueness of Equilibrium in Incomplete Markets with Heterogeneous Beliefs written by Dong Chul Won and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uniqueness of equilibrium is a relatively unexplored issue in incomplete markets compared with complete markets. This work shows that one-fund separation is sufficient for the uniqueness of equilibrium in a special class of incomplete markets with two agents and two assets. Specifically, it provides a new condition that is necessary and sufficient for equilibrium to exhibit one-fund separation in incomplete market economies, in which two agents have identical homothetic preferences, heterogeneous beliefs, and initial endowments spanned by asset payoffs. The new condition that is jointly imposed on heterogeneous beliefs and asset payoffs is distinct from time-honored conditions, such as gross substitution and restrictions on the Mitjushin-Polterovich coefficient. One-fund separation provides a new perspective into the uniqueness of equilibrium in incomplete markets.
Download or read book Macroeconomics with heterogeneity a practical guide written by Fatih Guvenen and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This article reviews macroeconomic models with heterogeneous households. A key question for the relevance of these models concerns the degree to which markets are complete. This is because the existence of complete markets imposes restrictions on (i) how much heterogeneity matters for aggregate phenomena and (ii) the types of cross-sectional distributions that can be obtained. The degree of market incompleteness, in turn, depends on two factors: (i) the richness of insurance opportunities provided by the economic environment and (ii) the nature and magnitude of idiosyncratic risks to be insured. First, I review a broad collection of empirical evidence---from econometric tests of "full insurance," to quantitative and empirical analyses of the permanent income ("self insurance") model that examine how it fits the facts about life cycle allocations, to studies that try to directly measure where economies place between these two benchmarks ("partial insurance"). The empirical evidence I survey reveals significant uncertainty in the profession regarding the magnitudes of idiosyncratic risks as well as whether or not these risks have increased since the 1970s. An important difficulty stems from the fact that inequality often arises from a mixture of idiosyncratic risk and fixed (or predictable) heterogeneity, making the two challenging to disentangle. I also discuss applications of incomplete markets models to trends in wealth, consumption, and earnings inequality both over the life cycle and over time, where this challenge is evident. Third, I discuss "approximate" aggregation---the finding that some incomplete markets models generate aggregate implications very similar to representative-agent models. What approximate aggregation does and does not imply is illustrated through several examples. Finally, I discuss some computational issues relevant for solving and calibrating such models and I provide a simple yet fully parallelizable global optimization algorithm that can be used to calibrate heterogeneous agent models.
Download or read book Microeconomic Heterogeneity and Macroeconomic Shocks written by Greg Kaplan and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze the role of household heterogeneity for the response of the macroeconomy to aggregate shocks. After summarizing how macroeconomists have incorporated household heterogeneity and market incompleteness in the study of economic fluctuations so far, we outline an emerging framework that combines Heterogeneous Agents (HA) with nominal rigidities, as in New Keynesian (NK) models, that is much better aligned with the micro evidence on consumption behavior than its Representative Agent (RA) counterpart. By simulating consistently calibrated versions of HANK and RANK models, we convey two broad messages. First, the degree of equivalence between models crucially depends on the shock being analyzed. Second, certain interesting macroeconomic questions concerning economic fluctuations can only be addressed within HA models, and thus the addition of heterogeneity broadens the range of problems that can be studied by economists. We conclude by recognizing that the development of HANK models is still in its infancy and by indicating promising directions for future work.
Download or read book Rare Event Risk and Heterogeneous Beliefs written by Stephan Dieckmann and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides an equilibrium model subject to heterogeneous beliefs about the likelihood of rare events. I explore asset pricing implications in an incomplete capital market and the effects of market completion. Without explicit rare event insurance, investors insure themselves indirectly through the stock and money markets, the risk premium is countercyclical, and flight to quality effects arise. Upon market completion, the risk premium increases as investors increase their exposure to rare event risk. While market completion leads to a more efficient allocation based on investors' anticipatory utilities, its effect on ex-post efficiency is ambiguous.
Download or read book The Economics of Continuous Time Finance written by Bernard Dumas and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2017-10-27 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction to economic applications of the theory of continuous-time finance that strikes a balance between mathematical rigor and economic interpretation of financial market regularities. This book introduces the economic applications of the theory of continuous-time finance, with the goal of enabling the construction of realistic models, particularly those involving incomplete markets. Indeed, most recent applications of continuous-time finance aim to capture the imperfections and dysfunctions of financial markets—characteristics that became especially apparent during the market turmoil that started in 2008. The book begins by using discrete time to illustrate the basic mechanisms and introduce such notions as completeness, redundant pricing, and no arbitrage. It develops the continuous-time analog of those mechanisms and introduces the powerful tools of stochastic calculus. Going beyond other textbooks, the book then focuses on the study of markets in which some form of incompleteness, volatility, heterogeneity, friction, or behavioral subtlety arises. After presenting solutions methods for control problems and related partial differential equations, the text examines portfolio optimization and equilibrium in incomplete markets, interest rate and fixed-income modeling, and stochastic volatility. Finally, it presents models where investors form different beliefs or suffer frictions, form habits, or have recursive utilities, studying the effects not only on optimal portfolio choices but also on equilibrium, or the price of primitive securities. The book strikes a balance between mathematical rigor and the need for economic interpretation of financial market regularities, although with an emphasis on the latter.
Download or read book Recursive Methods in Economic Dynamics written by Nancy L. Stokey and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1989-10-10 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This rigorous but brilliantly lucid book presents a self-contained treatment of modern economic dynamics. Stokey, Lucas, and Prescott develop the basic methods of recursive analysis and illustrate the many areas where they can usefully be applied.
Download or read book Heterogeneity and Persistence in Returns to Wealth written by Andreas Fagereng and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-07-27 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We provide a systematic analysis of the properties of individual returns to wealth using twelve years of population data from Norway’s administrative tax records. We document a number of novel results. First, during our sample period individuals earn markedly different average returns on their financial assets (a standard deviation of 14%) and on their net worth (a standard deviation of 8%). Second, heterogeneity in returns does not arise merely from differences in the allocation of wealth between safe and risky assets: returns are heterogeneous even within asset classes. Third, returns are positively correlated with wealth: moving from the 10th to the 90th percentile of the financial wealth distribution increases the return by 3 percentage points - and by 17 percentage points when the same exercise is performed for the return to net worth. Fourth, wealth returns exhibit substantial persistence over time. We argue that while this persistence partly reflects stable differences in risk exposure and assets scale, it also reflects persistent heterogeneity in sophistication and financial information, as well as entrepreneurial talent. Finally, wealth returns are (mildly) correlated across generations. We discuss the implications of these findings for several strands of the wealth inequality debate.
Download or read book The Behavior of Financial Markets under Rational Expectations written by Yan Han and published by Bridge 21 Publications. This book was released on 2022-10-14 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The financial markets have become more and more important in modern society. The behavior of the financial markets, and its impacts on our society, relies crucially on the behavior of market participants, aka the investors of different types. Although descriptions of the financial markets on the macro level have caught great attentions of investors, regulators, and the ordinary people, how the market participants interact with each other in the financial market may provide deeper insights on how and why the financial markets behave. This book tries to supply as much research on the micro level of financial market behavior as possible to the readers. The author has been doing financial research, especially on the micro level, during the past two decades. The academic research on this broad area has undergone a rapid growth, with new results, methods, theories, and even paradigms, emerging and burgeoning almost every year. As a financial researcher in one of Chinas top universities, the author has kept monitoring, digesting, and synthesizing the research articles in the area. This book is the outcome of this decades-long routine research work of the author. The book covers the fundamental economic theories of how different investors receive and interpret information. The empirical results of investors behavior are also discussed in depth. The book also shows the basic academic techniques of modeling the investors behavior.
Download or read book Stochastic Methods in Finance written by CIME-EMS Summer School and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Financial Markets Theory written by Emilio Barucci and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-08 with total page 843 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work, now in a thoroughly revised second edition, presents the economic foundations of financial markets theory from a mathematically rigorous standpoint and offers a self-contained critical discussion based on empirical results. It is the only textbook on the subject to include more than two hundred exercises, with detailed solutions to selected exercises. Financial Markets Theory covers classical asset pricing theory in great detail, including utility theory, equilibrium theory, portfolio selection, mean-variance portfolio theory, CAPM, CCAPM, APT, and the Modigliani-Miller theorem. Starting from an analysis of the empirical evidence on the theory, the authors provide a discussion of the relevant literature, pointing out the main advances in classical asset pricing theory and the new approaches designed to address asset pricing puzzles and open problems (e.g., behavioral finance). Later chapters in the book contain more advanced material, including on the role of information in financial markets, non-classical preferences, noise traders and market microstructure. This textbook is aimed at graduate students in mathematical finance and financial economics, but also serves as a useful reference for practitioners working in insurance, banking, investment funds and financial consultancy. Introducing necessary tools from microeconomic theory, this book is highly accessible and completely self-contained. Advance praise for the second edition: "Financial Markets Theory is comprehensive, rigorous, and yet highly accessible. With their second edition, Barucci and Fontana have set an even higher standard!"Darrell Duffie, Dean Witter Distinguished Professor of Finance, Graduate School of Business, Stanford University "This comprehensive book is a great self-contained source for studying most major theoretical aspects of financial economics. What makes the book particularly useful is that it provides a lot of intuition, detailed discussions of empirical implications, a very thorough survey of the related literature, and many completely solved exercises. The second edition covers more ground and provides many more proofs, and it will be a handy addition to the library of every student or researcher in the field."Jaksa Cvitanic, Richard N. Merkin Professor of Mathematical Finance, Caltech "The second edition of Financial Markets Theory by Barucci and Fontana is a superb achievement that knits together all aspects of modern finance theory, including financial markets microstructure, in a consistent and self-contained framework. Many exercises, together with their detailed solutions, make this book indispensable for serious students in finance."Michel Crouhy, Head of Research and Development, NATIXIS
