Download or read book Informal Regulation of Industrial Pollution in Developing Countries written by Sheoli Pargal and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Informal Regulation of Industrial Pollution in Developing Countries written by Sheoli Pargal and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When formal regulation is weak or absent, communities often use other channels to induce pollution abatement by local factories in a process of "informal regulation." The resulting "pollution equilibrium" reflects the relative bargaining power of the community and the plant. This note uses Indonesian data from 1989-90 on plant-level organic water pollution to test the informal regulation hypothesis.
Download or read book Racing to the Bottom written by David Wheeler and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critics of free trade have raised the specter of a "race to the bottom" in which environmental standards collapse because polluters threaten to relocate to "pollution havens" in the developing world. The flaw in the race-to-the-bottom model is that its basic assumptions misrepresent the political economy of pollution control in developing countries
Download or read book Formal and Informal Regulation of Industrial Pollution written by Sheoli Pargal and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In both countries the higher the level of community income, the lower the pollution intensity of local plants. This paper provides support for the idea that community-based pressure on plants to abate pollution exists, even in the presence of formal regulation.Pargal, Hettige, Singh, and Wheeler start from the premise that governments act as agents of the public in regulating pollution, using the instruments at their disposal. But when formal regulatory mechanisms are absent or ineffective, communities will seek other means of translating their preferences into reality. Recent empirical work suggests the widespread existence of such informal regulation: communities are often able to negotiate with or otherwise informally pressure polluting plants in their vicinity to clean up.Their thesis is that such informal regulation is likely wherever formal regulation leaves a gap between actual and locally preferred environmental quality. They use plant-level data from Indonesia and the United States - countries that are very different, both socioeconomically and in terms of pollution regulation - test a model of equilibrium pollution under informal regulation.Their results suggest three common elements across countries and pollutants:deg; Abatement is generally subject to significant scale economies.deg; Within-country variations in labor and energy prices have little impact on pollution intensity.deg; Community incomes have a powerful negative association with pollution intensity.Their findings on community income are especially important, as they suggest a powerful role for informal regulation whether or not formal regulation is in place. The impact of income disparity on intercounty differences in U.S. pollution intensities seems to match the impact in Indonesia. Undoubtedly, this reflects differences in both preference for environmental quality and ability to bring pressure on polluting factories. The fact that such disparities exist in the United States, even for traditionally regulated pollutants, shows that U.S. regulation has not been able to ensure uniform environmental quality for all citizens regardless of income class.This paper - a product of the Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the pollution abatement pressures faced by firms.
Download or read book Formal and Informal Regulation of Industrial Pollution written by Sheoli Pargal and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Industrial Pollution in Economic Development written by Hemamala Hettige and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Controlling Industrial Pollution written by Shakeb Afsah and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pollution Charges Community Pressure and Abatement Cost of Industrial Pollution in China written by Hua Wang and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Community pressure may be as strong an incentive for industrial firms to control pollution in China as pollution levies are.
Download or read book Industrial Ownership and Environmental Performance written by Hua Wang and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2002 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors explore the differences in pollution control performance of industries with different types of ownership in China-state-owned (SOE), collectively- or community-owned (COE), privately owned (POE), companies with foreign direct investment (FDI), and joint ventures. About 1,000 industrial firms in three provinces of China were surveyed, and detailed 1999 firm-level information was obtained. The authors analyzed the differences between firms in receiving and reacting to environmental regulatory enforcement, community pressure, environmental services, as well as in the firm's internal environmental management among the different types of ownership. The authors also conducted econometric analyses on the determinants of pollution discharge performance. The results show that foreign direct investment and collectively-owned enterprises have better environmental performances in terms of water pollution discharge intensity, while state-owned enterprises and privately owned enterprises in China are the worst performers. The results also suggest that collectively-owned enterprises in China do internalize environmental externalities.
Download or read book How the Chinese System of Charges and Subsidies Affects Pollution Control Efforts by China s Top Industrial Polluters written by Hua Wang and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China's unique combination of emissions charges and pollution abatement subsidies has given China's most heavily polluting industrial firms incentive to invest in pollution abatement.
Download or read book Informal Regulation of Pollution in a Developing Country written by Vinish Kathuria and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Information in Developing Nations written by Anna Da Soledada Vieira and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1985-07-23 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vieira focuses on the relationship between environmental pollution and socioeconomic underdevelopment and emphasizes the role information can play in the protection of the Third World environment. She identifies the main governmental and nongovernmental institutions related to important aspects of the Third World environment--pollution control, sanitation, public health, and development and alternative technologies. The Brazilian institutional panorama is analyzed and then compared with Mexican, Indian, and Egyptian systems in an effort to identify common points that might be applied to the Third World as a whole. Finally, she recommends the establishment of an informal international network of both nongovernmental institutions and individuals for the exchange of information considered important to the developing countries or pertinent to the environmental realities of the Third World. Providing the core for such a network is an appendix listing organizations interested in the environment and development of the Third World.
Download or read book The Economics of Industrial Pollution Control written by David Wheeler and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Program based pollution control management the Indonesian PROKASIH program written by Shakeb Afsah and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pollution and the Struggle for the World Product written by H. Jeffrey Leonard and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1988-07-29 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyses the influence that public concern about industrial pollution and pollution-control regulations may have had during the 1970s and 1980s on the evolution of international comparative advantage in industrial production.
Download or read book Industrial Development and Environmental Degradation written by Se Hark Park and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 1998 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Industrialization to achieve economic development has resulted in global environmental degradation. This book identifies/quantifies environmental consequences of industrial growth, and provides policy advice, including the use of clean technologies, with reference to the developing world.
Download or read book Bending the Rules written by Susmita Dasgupta and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In China, environmental regulators play by the rules, but often bend them in ways that reflect important environmental and social concerns. Regulators give little or no slack to heavy dischargers. Old factories pay more, state-owned factories pay higher rates, and big employers get a discount.Industry compliance with pollution regulations is far from universal, even in North America. In developing countries, compliance rates are often quite low, particularly where budgets for regulation are low or inspectors are corrupt.And strictness of enforcement varies. Regulators are reluctant to impose stiff penalties on financially strapped plants that are major employers, and in many developing countries state-owned plants are treated more leniently than their private-sector counterparts.But research on determinants of compliance and enforcement is rare, even in industrial societies. Dasgupta, Huq, and Wheeler use new plant-level data for China to analyze variations in both compliance and enforcement, with a focus on regulation of water pollution. They look at the mechanics of official regulation, the economics of compliance, and regulatory discretion. They find:- Cost-sensitive plants will try to adjust emissions to the point where the marginal levy equals the marginal cost of abatement.- In practice, local regulators have considerable discretion in judging both compliance and appropriate penalties for noncompliance. China's regulators play by the rules, but often bend them. Underreporting and underassessment are common in China. But variable regulation is systematic, not random, and seems to reflect important environmental and social concerns. Old factories pay more, state-owned factories pay higher rates, and big employers get a discount. And regulators give little or no slack to heavy dischargers.This paper - a product of the Environment, Infrastructure, and Agriculture Division, Policy Research Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to understand the economics of industrial pollution control in developing countries. The study was funded by the Bank`s Research Support Budget under the research project The Economics of Industrial Pollution Control in Developing Countries (RPO 680-20).
