Download or read book Influence of Tillage and Cropping System on Soil Quality and Crop Yield in North Carolina written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reduced tillage crop production has been shown to improve characteristics of soil considered important in increasing productivity. However, these improvements do not always increase crop yield. Research in the southeastern region of the United States has documented benefits of perennial grass crops to increase soil quality and crop yield compared with conventional tillage systems and traditional reduced tillage systems. The economic value of these systems compared to traditional row crops each year influences the feasibility of this approach to crop production. Research evaluating this approach to crop production is limited in North Carolina. Research was conducted in North Carolina at four locations to compare yield of corn (Zea mays L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] when these crops were strip tilled following four years of tall fescue (Schedonorus phoenix Scop.) versus four years of either corn or cotton grown in no till or strip till (2005-2008). Cotton yield was higher following tall fescue while corn yield was lower when compared with planting following agronomic crops. Peanut was also planted in conventional tillage following both cropping systems with peanut yield in conventional tillage exceeding that of strip tillage. The peanut yield was higher in conventional tillage than reduced tillage regardless of cropping system. No major differences in bulk density were noted when comparing tall fescue and agronomic crops. Soil parasitic nematode populations, including lesion (Pratylenchus spp.), root knot nematode, Meloidogyne spp.), spiral (Helicotylenchus spp.), and stunt (Tylenchorhynchus sp.) were often lower following tall fescue versus agronomic crops with the exception of stubby root (Paratrichodorus spp.). These experiments demonstrated that sod based systems including tall fescue can improve cotton yield but would be of no direct benefit for peanut and soybean and a detriment to corn. T.

Download or read book Influence of Tillage and Cropping System on Soil Quality and Crop Yield in North Carolina written by Wendy Leigh Drake and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: tall fescue, soybean, intergrated pest management, crop rotation, conservation tillage, peanut, cotton, peanut cultivar, planting date, corn.

Download or read book Intensive Cropping written by Sohan S Prihar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-01-25 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explore new concepts for maximizing crop yields! Intensive Cropping: Efficient Use of Water, Nutrients, and Tillage is a compilation of current information on the interdependence of and synergies among water, nutrients, and energy in regard to increasing crop performance. This book explains the need for intensive cropping and explores the technologies and practices necessary for proper management of water, nutrients, and energy. With Intensive Cropping you will learn how to improve the quantity of the world's most important crops using methods that will minimize harm to the environment. This essential guide is a state-of-the-art account of the concepts and practices concerning the integrated use of water, nutrients, and energy in intensive cropping. Intensive Cropping combines basic and applied aspects of soil-water, nutrients, and energy management to help you optimize your crop yields and maximize the efficiency of intensively farmed regions. In Intensive Cropping, you will explore the need for extreme farming and related concerns and concepts, including: reducing runoff, deep seepage, and evaporation losses supplementing irrigation with surface and ground water understanding the process of water uptake and its effects on root dynamics and water use reducing leaching, erosion, and gasseus losses in your fields using combinations of organic manures, crop residues, chemical fertilizers, and biofertilizers for soil maintenance implementing conventional and emerging tillage systems, such as conservation tillage for improving soil quality examining case studies of contrasting edaphic requirements of rice-wheat systems Intensive Cropping brings you up-to-date on recent advances in the field, supported by relevant experimental observations on environmentally safe and effective ways to increase crop performance. By examining this new research on increasing crop production, you will be able to successfully increase crop yields in various climates and support the growing global demand for such resources.

Download or read book Effect of Shrub Buffers Tillage and Cropping Systems on Shallow Groundwater Nitrate N in Eastern North Carolina written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water quality in the Neuse River, NC has decreased as a result of elevated nitrate-N (NO3--N) concentrations. The goal of this research was to examine the effectiveness of shrub buffers and no-till agricultural production to decrease shallow groundwater NO3--N concentrations and subsequently decrease the amount of NO3--N reaching surface waters. Groundwater NO3--N concentrations were measured 0-, 4.5- and 9-m drainage ditches with 1-, 4.5- and 9-m wide buffers at three different depths at the research site near Kinston, NC. The percent decrease of NO3--N at the intermediate (2.1 to 2.6 m) depth was calculated across the 4.5- and 9-m distances. The percent decrease across 9 m was significantly lower (p=0.05) in the 1-m buffer (67%) than in the 4.5-m (93%) and 9-m (91%) buffers, but no difference due to buffer width was found across the 4.5-m distance 1-m (66%), 4.5-m (79%) and 9-m (74%) buffers. Redox probes were used in conjunction with the deep (2.7 to 3.4 m) and shallow (0.6 to 0.9 m) groundwater data to determine if denitrification was responsible for decreased NO3--N concentrations. Groundwater and redox data indicated that conditions favored denitrification and was likely responsible for the decreased NO3--N concentrations. Groundwater NO3--N was examined in a no-till (NT) field on Wickham soils (NT-Wi), and in two fields on predominantly Nixonton soils - a conventional till (CT) field (CT-Ni) and an NT field (NT-Ni) at the research site near Goldsboro, NC. Wheat was grown as a small grain and cover crop on NT-Wi, as a small grain on CT-Ni and rye was grown as a small grain and cover crop on NT-Ni, within the corn - small grain - soybean - cover crop/bare soil cropping system. Nitrate-N concentrations and crop yields were compared between fields during each of the cropping periods (corn, small grain, soybean and cover crop/bare soil) because the cropping system periodically changed during the study period (1996 - 2003). The groundwater N.

Download or read book Tillage For Sustainable Cropping Indian Reprint written by Gajri P.R. and published by IBDC Publishers. This book was released on 2004 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Managing Cover Crops Profitably 3rd Ed written by Andy Clark and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2008-07 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover crops slow erosion, improve soil, smother weeds, enhance nutrient and moisture availability, help control many pests and bring a host of other benefits to your farm. At the same time, they can reduce costs, increase profits and even create new sources of income. You¿ll reap dividends on your cover crop investments for years, since their benefits accumulate over the long term. This book will help you find which ones are right for you. Captures farmer and other research results from the past ten years. The authors verified the info. from the 2nd ed., added new results and updated farmer profiles and research data, and added 2 chap. Includes maps and charts, detailed narratives about individual cover crop species, and chap. about aspects of cover cropping.

Download or read book Tillage Cover Cropping and Compost for Improved Soil Quality Under Vegetable Production written by Marsha Lynn McGraw and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evaluates the effect of tillage, winter cover cropping, and the use of compost on soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. Assesses the soil quality in order to identify a best management practice that proves to be highly effective at improving soil properties and therefore soil function and quality.

Download or read book Assessing the Effects of Implement Appropriate Practices of Tillage Based Cropping and Residue Management Significant Impact on Soil Health and Productivity in a Rice Wheat Green Gram Cropping System in North Bihar written by Tarun Kumar and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to solve the problem of deteriorating soil health and the stagnation of yield in the rice-wheat-green gram cropping system (RWGCS) in Madwan Block, Muzaffarpur Bihar, from 2018 until 2023. The experiment included five crop scenarios based on conservation agriculture principles (CA), these interventions for improving soil health and enhancing crop yields, providing insights for future agricultural practices in the region. This study aimed to assess the impact of various tillage-based crop establishment and residue retention practices on soil health and agricultural system sustainability by developing a soil quality index (SQI). Soil properties were analyzed to create a SQI for 2018 and 2023 using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS) to comprehensively assess soil quality. The treatment RPTR-BCW-BCG (T1), including random puddled transplanted rice, broadcasted wheat, and green gram with negligible residue integration, exhibited inferior soil quality ratings. Significant variations in soil parameters were identified among treatments during the research period. Moreover, treatment ZTDSR-HSZTW-HSG (T5), demonstrated high grain yields for rice (58.16 qt. ha-1 in 2020-21, 57.32 qt. ha-1 in 2021-22) and wheat (60.00 qt. ha-1 in 2020-21, 62.56 qt. ha-1 in 2021-22), as well as relatively high green gram yield (13.57 qt. ha-1 in 2020-21, 13.83 qt. ha-1 in 2021-22). Beneficial effects of positive outcomes in terms of crop output and sustainability as a result of implementing residue management and conservation tillage practices. The implementing CA methods, particularly the T5 treatment, can improve soil quality, enhance crop production sustainability, and promote overall agricultural system sustainability in the examined RWGCS. These results highlight the significance of managing agricultural residues and conservation tillage in maintaining soil health and ensuring long-term production in rice-wheat-green gram cropping systems.

Download or read book Effect of Rotation Organic Inputs and Tillage on Crop Performance and Soil Quality in Conventional and Low input Rotations in Central Iowa written by Patricia A. Lazicki and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even though the benefits of low external input (LEI) cropping systems to crops and soils are well recognized the specific links between cropping practices and associated soil quality and crop responses are not yet clear. In the Marsden plots in central Iowa, crop yields and input use efficiency have been increased by the use of longer and more diversified rotations and reduced chemical inputs. In this work we sampled roots and soil parameters at multiple dates and two depths in all cropping phases, in order to quantify changes in physical, chemical and biological soil quality indicators and root responses associated with tillage and cropping factors in a conventional and two LEI rotations of different lengths and including different legume species. Improvements in soil quality indicators and plant productivity were expected to be driven by the amount and placement of organic residues and to fluctuate with tillage and cropping phase. On a system basis, particulate organic carbon (POM-C) and potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN) were increased in both LEI rotations relative to a two year (2-yr) corn (Zea mays L.) -soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation. Biologically labile organic matter fractions were highly stratified in the 2-yr rotation compared to the LEI rotations and the lower depth of the 2-yr rotation was consistently depleted. Corn roots followed a similar pattern, being concentrated in the top depth in the 2-yr rotation while more fully exploring the profile in the LEI rotations. Low C:N ratios in the soybean roots in the LEI rotations suggest greater N availability in the LEI soybean phase. Soil parameters did not differ between LEI rotations even though the 3-yrrotation included red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) instead of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), a shorter rotation length, and significantly greater mean annual organic inputs than did the 4-yr rotation. Corn yield in the 3-yr LEI rotation was significantly higher than that achieved in the 2-yr conventional rotation, and soybean yield in the 4-yr rotation was higher than that in the 2-yr rotation. Seasonal sampling showed that 1) soil parameters fluctuated during the growing season but did not increase in response to particular cropping phases and 2) that the stratification observed in the 2-yr rotation was consistent over time for both corn and soybean. The practice most responsible for increasing soil quality and plant performance in the LEI rotations appeared to be the deep incorporation of compost and green manures prior to corn production. This practice benefited both corn and soybean, primarily by increasing the amount and distribution of nutrients available to roots as evidenced by greater POM-C and PMN levels in the subsoil.

Download or read book Conservation Tillage for Agriculture in the 1990 s written by James Paul Mueller and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Plowman s Folly written by Edward H. Faulkner and published by University of Oklahoma Press. This book was released on 2015-01-06 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mr. Faulkner’s masterpiece is recognized as the most important challenge to agricultural orthodoxy that has been advanced in this century. Its new philosophy of the soil, based on proven principles and completely opposed to age-old concepts, has had a strong impact upon theories of cultivation around the world. It was on July 5, 1943, when Plowman’s Folly was first issued, that the author startled a lethargic public, long bemused by the apparently insoluble problem of soil depletion, by saying, simply, “The fact is that no one has ever advanced a scientific reason for plowing.” With the key sentence, he opened a new era.For generations, our reasoning about the management of the soil has rested upon the use of the moldboard plow. Mr. Faulkner proved rather conclusively that soil impoverishment, erosion, decreasing crop yields, and many of the adverse effects following droughts or periods of excessive rainfall could be traced directly to the practice of plowing natural fertilizers deep into the soil. Through his own test-plot and field-scale experiments, in which he prepared the soil with a disk harrow, in emulation of nature’s way on the forest floor and in the natural meadow, by incorporating green manures into its surface, he transformed ordinary, even inferior, soils into extremely productive, high-yield croplands.Time magazine called this concept “one of the most revolutionary ideas in agriculture history.” The volume is being made available again not only because farmers, ranchers, gardeners, and agriculturists demanded it, but also because it details the kind of “revolution” which will aid those searching for the fruits of the earth in the emerging nations.

Download or read book The Farmer North Carolina and the TVA written by W. B. Collins and published by . This book was released on 1946 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effect of Tillage on Soil and Moisture Conservation and on Crop Yields at Langdon and Edgeley and at Other Points in North Dakota written by Carl Louis Englehorn and published by . This book was released on 1946 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Long term Effects of Tillage Practices on Soil Physical Chemical and Biological Health and Its Economic and Ecologic Implications written by Amanda Weidhuner and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demands for sustainable crop production are increasing to cope with threats of climate change and diversity loss. Tillage is one of the main farming practices that could impact crop production, soil, and air quality. We utilized a long-term (>48-yr old) tillage trial to evaluate four tillage systems including: (i) moldboard plow (MP), (ii) chisel-disk (grower's current practice) (CD), (iii) alternate tillage [2-yr no-till (NT) and 1-yr MP; AT], and (iv) NT on corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) grain production, nutrient removal and balances, soil physical, chemical, and biological properties, and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. We found that a switch from intensive tillage practices (CD and MP) to NT resulted in (i) similar corn and soybean grain yield, nutrient removal, and balances; (ii) increased soil aggregation and aggregate stability; (iii) increased soil organic carbon (C), active C, and aggregate associated C and nitrogen at 0-15 cm soil depth (iv) had consistence penetration resistance at the plow depth (30 cm depth), lower bulk density, higher soil porosity and available water capacity; (v) had lower soil NO3-N and TN, two-yr cumulative N2O-N emissions, and yield-scaled N2O-N (vi) greater soil ecosystem stability based on nematode community populations; (vii) increased earthworm abundance and biomass, diversity and species evenness, and percentage of epigeic ecotypes. Interestingly, NT did not influence soil C beyond topsoil indicating a limitation for NT to sequester C at deeper soil layers. These findings indicate improved soil in NT vs. other tillage practices provides C sequestration and reduced environmental footprints, without impacting grain yield while improving functional soil biology. Because the cost of NT operations are lower than other tillage practices, we concluded continuous NT could be a step towards sustainable crop production. To further improve the sustainability of crop production, other practices (e.g. cover cropping, crop diversification, soil amendments etc.) should be integrated into continuous NT practices.

Download or read book Long term Impact of Tillage and Cropping Managements on Soil Hydro physical Properties and Yield written by Amin Nouri Gharahassanlou and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil physical and hydraulic properties control the major soil functions related to the imbibition, transmission and retention of water, air, heat and nutrients. Adoption of no-tillage in Tennessee through the last decades has considerably decreased the fluvial soil losses. However, the long-term effect of no-tillage on soil hydro-physical properties and its interaction with companion practices such as cover crops and crop sequence has not been fully discovered. In this project, three long-term experiments located in West Tennessee Research and Education Center in Milan and Jackson, TN were studied in 2015 and 2016 for soil hydro-physical properties. The effect of 34 years of tillage, fertilization and cover crop, 15 years of crop rotation on no-tillage with winter fallow and 37 years of a range of tillage intensities and no-tillage with and without cover crop on soil physical properties were assessed. Relationship between soil physical properties were determined and by relating the soil physical properties to corn, cotton and soybean yield and long-term yield stability, the most effective cropping and tillage managements were identified. Long-term no-tillage substantially improved soil aggregation, water infiltration and transmission and cotton yield than conventional tillage. Effect of cover crops on measured soil physical properties were less evident than the effect of no-tillage. However, planting hairy vetch and wheat cover crops improved the soil aggregation and increased the water infiltration and transmission significantly compared with no cover crop. No-tillage planted with hairy vetch cover crop experienced significantly higher quasi-steady and cumulative infiltration compared with the other treatment combinations in both years. Cropping corn, cotton and soybean in double cropping sequences did not favor soil in improved physical quality than monoculture while existence of corn in cropping system either as continuous cropping or in sequence improved soil physical quality. Corn rotated with soybean and cotton increased yield and decreased the long-term variance in soybean yield. Under sub-humid climate of Tennessee with relatively high decomposition rate of organic matter, the magnitude of residue turnover and below-ground root activity was found to be key factors increasing the no-tillage potential for additional improvement in soil quality and yield.

Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 1286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cropping Systems written by Anil Shrestha and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-02-13 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn the fundamentals as well as in-depth details of agricultural cropping systems from around the globe! Cropping Systems: Trends and Advances is a comprehensive review of past and present research efforts in North America and other parts of the world. It brings together biological, economic, sociological, and technical aspects of cropping systems in a single source to provide a reference unlike any other on the subject that is available today. This valuable book also points to future directions that cropping systems research needs to take in order to increase sustainable agriculture and feed the growing world population. Charts, tables, and illustrations make the information easy to access and understand. An ideal textbook for graduate and undergraduate courses in agronomy as well as a comprehensive reference for professionals involved in cropping systems research, Cropping Systems: Trends and Advances is a book you’ll refer to again and again. Topics covered in this well-referenced and thoughtfully indexed book include: emerging trends in cropping systems research designing resource-efficient cropping systems soil quality and fertility tillage root dynamics water quality concerns nitrogen use efficiency precision agriculture agricultural biotechnology weed biology and management integrated pest management the important role that cover crops can play key indicators for assessing nitrogen use efficiency in cereal-based agroecosystems the implications of elevated carbon dioxide-induced changes in agroecosystem productivity and a great deal more!