Download or read book Influence of Three North Pacific Ocean Regime Shifts on the Early Marine Growth and Survival of Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus Nerka from Karluk Lake Alaska written by Ellen Martinson and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A History of Sockeye Salmon Research Karluk River System Alaska 1880 2010 written by Richard Gard and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Climate Impacts on Pacific Salmon written by Richard James Beamish and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Variation in the Early Life History of Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus Nerka written by Caryn A. Abrey and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Comparison of Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus Nerka in Two Climate Regimes in the North Pacific Ocean Using Stable Carbon and Nitrogren Isotope Ratios written by Franklin Robert Satterfield and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This study explores how the climate shift in the late 1970's impacted sockeye salmon feeding. Stable isotope ratios (13C and 15N) of recent muscle and scale tissues from five mature salmon species are highly correlated (R2=0.96 and 0.91, respectively), validating the use of archived scales for retrospective analysis. These data suggest a trophic separation by species with chinook occupying the highest level, followed by coho with some degree of overlap among sockeye, pink and chum at the lowest level. Archived scales from four different sockeye stocks from Kodiak Island and Southeast region were analyzed over the last 34 years to investigate changes relative to the 1976-1977 Climate Regime Shift. Most stocks show no statistical differences before and after the regime shift in either isotope. Despite recorded differences in sockeye abundance and size between these two regimes, these data suggest only minor changes in prey items"--Leaf iii.
Download or read book Pacific Salmon Life Histories written by Cornelis Groot and published by UBC Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pacific salmon are an important biological and economic resource of countries of the North Pacific rim. They are also a unique group of fish possessing unusually complex life histories. There are seven species of Pacific salmon, five occurring on both the North American and Asian continents (sockeye, pink, chum, chinook, and coho) and two (masu and amago) only in Asia. The life cycle of the Pacific salmon begins in the autumn when the adult female deposits eggs that are fertilized in gravel beds in rivers or lakes. The young emerge from the gravel the following spring and will either migrate immediately to salt water or spend one or more years in a river or lake before migrating. Migrations in the ocean are extensive during the feeding and growing phase, covering thousands of kilometres. After one or more years the maturing adults find their way back to their home river, returning to their ancestral breeding grounds to spawn. They die after spawning and the eggs in the gravel signify a new cycle. Upon this theme Pacific salmon have developed many variations, both between as well as within species. Pacific Salmon Life Histories provides detailed descriptions of the different life phases through which each of the seven species passes. Each chapter is written by a scientist who has spent years studying and observing a particular species of salmon. Some of the topics covered are geographic distribution, transplants, freshwater life, ocean life, development, growth, feeding, diet, migration, and spawning behaviour. The text is richly supplemented by numerous maps, illustrations, colour plates, and tables and there is a detailed general index, as well as a useful geographical index.
Download or read book Juvenile Bristol Bay Sockeye Salmon Ecology written by Edward Vincent Farley (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Predicting annual returns of Bristol Bay sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) has been difficult due to large, unexplained variations in return strength. Ocean conditions, particularly during the first few months after salmon leave freshwater, are believed to have a strong influence on their early marine growth and survival. Limited historical and present research suggests that sea temperature can affect juvenile Bristol Bay distribution. During years with cool spring sea temperatures, juvenile sockeye salmon are distributed nearshore along the Alaska Peninsula, whereas they are found further offshore during years with warm spring sea temperatures. Juvenile sockeye salmon are larger, in better condition, and have higher marine stage survival after the first year at sea when they are distributed further offshore than when they are distributed nearshore along the Alaska Peninsula. Juvenile sockeye salmon stomach contents also shift from primarily Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes hexapterus) and euphausiids to age 0 walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) when their distribution changes from nearshore to further offshore. Annual averages of juvenile sockeye salmon growth rate potential (GRP) were generally lower among years and regions with cool spring sea temperatures. In addition, juvenile sockeye salmon GRP was generally higher in offshore regions than nearshore regions of the eastern Bering Sea shelf. A sensitivity analysis indicated that juvenile sockeye salmon GRP was more sensitive to changes in observed (August to September) sea surface temperatures during years when prey densities were lower. The results of the dissertation suggest that variability in early marine survival is primarily due to bottom-up control of the trophic structure of the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem"--Leaf iii.
Download or read book Linking Freshwater Growth to Size dependent Marine Survival of Sockeye Salmon written by Marta Elizabeth Ree and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the mediating role of body size in determining fitness, the ‘bigger is better’ hypothesis still pervades evolutionary ecology despite evidence that natural selection on phenotypic traits varies in time and space. For Pacific salmon (genus Oncorhynchus), the size at which juveniles migrate to sea (i.e., smolts) has been linked to survival during the early marine period, where larger smolts typically survive at a higher rate than their smaller counterparts. However, the relationship of smolt size and survival becomes more ambiguous when considering confounding factors of age, ocean entry timing, and environmental variability. Despite equivocal results, smolt size appears to be a key trait and therefore changes in freshwater conditions may have consequences for population productivity. Furthermore, due to differences in site-specific habitats, trophic dynamics, and population traits the response of specific populations to these changes is likely to be context specific. The objective of this thesis was to 1) quantify the direction and magnitude of natural selection on smolt size for three age classes of sockeye salmon in a small watershed on Kodiak Island, AK and 2) explore stock-specific effects of temperature and conspecific density on smolt size over a multi-decade time-series to understand historic and possible future trends. To address our first objective, we calculated standardized selection differentials by comparing observed size distributions of out-migrating juvenile salmon to back-calculated smolt length from the scales of surviving, returning adults. Results reveal the magnitude of selection on size was very strong and consistent among years. However, the direction of selection on size consistently varied among age classes. The absolute magnitude of selection was negatively correlated to apparent marine survival and positively correlated to late mean ocean entry timing. To address our second objective, we back-calculated smolt size from returning adult scales to reconstruct a time-series of smolt length of two stocks within a small Alaska watershed on Kodiak Island. Using a dynamic linear model framework, we detected evidence that for one stock, temperature was important in explaining smolt length, and density effects influenced both stocks utilizing the same lakes. Furthermore, forecasts of smolt length showed highly variable responses under scenarios of increasing temperature and high and low densities. Collectively, these results demonstrate that interactions between processes of climate, density, and natural selection are highly context-specific in terms of both inter- and intra- population variability.
Download or read book Climate Change Production Trends and Carrying Capacity of Pacific Salmon in the Bering Sea and Adjacent Waters written by Edward Vincent Farley (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The purpose of the symposium was to summarize BASIS research conducted during 2002 to 2006 and increase our understanding about how climate change will affect salmon growth and survival in the North Pacific Ocean. The symposium topics were: 1. Overviews of climate change, Bering Sea ecosystems, and salmon production. 2. Biological responses by salmon to climate and ecosystem dynamics, 2.1. Migration and distribution of salmon, 2.2. Food production and salmon growth, 2.3. Feeding habits and trophic interactions, 2.4. Production trends and carrying capacity of salmon"--Pref.
Download or read book Effects of Gulf of Alaska Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus Nerka Abundance on Survival Body Size Growth Rate and Age at Maturity of British Columbia and Britol Bay Alaska Sockeye Populations written by Canada. Department of Fisheries and Oceans and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Gulf of Alaska Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus Nerka Abundance on Survival Body Size Growth Rate and Age at Maturity of British Columbia and Bristol Bay Alaska Sockeye Populations written by Canada. Department of Fisheries and Oceans and published by Fisheries and Oceans, Canada. This book was released on 1984 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Relating the Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus Nerka Spawning Migrating Experience with Offspring Fitness written by David A. Patterson and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adult Pacific salmon arrive at the Fraser River with a finite supply of energy to allocate between reproductive development and river migration, yet it is unknown if environmental conditions experienced by parents cause energetic trade-offs that ultimately affect offspring fitness. This thesis examined populations of Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) that differed in their mirgration distance (Weaver - 100 km, Gates - 363 km, and Early Stuart - 1086 km) to assess the hypothesis that migratory stress exerts an intergenerational effect on offspring fitness. When compared among three year classes of Early Stuart sockeye salmon, metrics for ovarian development at six locations along the migration route revealed no evidence of facultative adjustments of either egg number or egg size en route. In contrast, significant interannual variation existed for final ovary mass, egg size and egg number over a 16-year period, with reductions in ovary mass and egg size associated with years of high river discharge rate during the migration. Selection against maternal phenotypes with a high ovarian investment strategy was postulated as a mechanism to reconcile both data sets. Maternal and paternal gamete origin significantly influenced offspring survival. However, egg viability did not correlate with phenotypic variation in maternal energetic condition, osmoregulatory status, reproductive hormonal state, egg composition, stress, or moribund condition. Nevertheless, at the population level, migration severity may have impacted overall egg quality because (a) the two populations that experienced more severe migration conditions in 1999 and 2000 had the lowest overall embryo survival (Gates = 77%; Early Stuart = 81%; Weaver = 94%; - artifical fertilizations), and (b) a poor maternal condition (using pre-spawn mortality as surrogate of poor condition and adverse migration conditions) was positively correlated with low egg to fry survival in Early Stuart sockeye salmon over a 15 year period. Given that changes in egg size and the number of surviving offspring associated with parental influences are clear examples of intergenerational effects in sockeye salmon, the weight of evidence suggests that migratory stress associated with the parental spawning migration can contribute to an alteration in intergenerational gene flow and offspring size.
Download or read book Effects of Climate and Density on the Distribution Growth and Life History of Juvenile Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus Nerka in Iliamna Lake Alaska written by Harry B. Rich and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book EFFECTS OF GULF OF ALASKA SOCKEY SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS NERKA ABUNDANCE ON SURVIVAL BODY SIZE GROWTH RATE AND AGE AT MATURITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA AND BRISTOL BAY ALASKA SOCKEYE POPULATIONS written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physiological Ecology of Pacific Salmon written by Cornelis Groot and published by UBC Press. This book was released on 2010-10-01 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every year, countless juvenile Pacific salmon leave streams and rivers on their migration to feeding grounds in the North Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea. After periods ranging from a few months to several years, adult salmon enter rivers along the coasts of Asia and North America to spawn and complete their life cycle. Within this general outline, various life history patterns, both among and within species, involve diverse ways of exploiting freshwater, estuarine, and marine habitats. There are seven species of Pacific salmon. Five (coho, chinook chum, pink, and sockeye) occur in both North America and Asia. Their complex life histories and spectacular migrations have long fascinated biologists and amateurs alike. Physiological Ecology of Pacific Salmon provides comprehensive reviews by leading researchers of the physiological adaptations that allow Pacific Salmon to sustain themselves in the diverse environments in which they live. It begins with an analysis of energy expenditure and continues with reviews of locomotion, growth, feeding, and nutrition. Subsequent chapters deal with osmotic adjustments enabling the passage between fresh and salt water, nitrogen excretion and regulation of acid-base balance, circulation and gas transfer, and finally, responses to stress. This thorough and authoritative volume will be a valuable reference for students and researchers of biology and fisheries science as they seek to understand the environmental requirements for the perpetuation of these unique and valuable species.
Download or read book M moire concernant la province de Languedoc written by and published by . This book was released on 1698 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Review of the Research on the Early Marine Period of Pacific Salmon by Canada Japan Russia and the United States written by Philip E. K. Symons and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reports in this Bulletin summarize the studies of the early marine period of the life history of juvenile Pacific salmon. Review paper included: 1) A history of the research on the early marine life of Pacific salmon off Canada's Pacific coast; 2) Japanese studies on the early ocean life of juvenile salmon; 3) Review of Russian marine investigations of juvenile Pacific salmon; 4) Research conducted by the United States on the early ocean life of Pacific salmon.
