Download or read book Influence of Thermal Cycles on Properties of Duplex Stainless Steels Duprop written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Duplex stainless steels become more and more attractive, both from technical and economical points of view. However, use of duplex stainless steels is limited to 300 °C. Metallurgical transformation and phase precipitations can affect the mechanical and corrosion properties over long-term exposure at elevated temperatures. In some cases, however, it can be interesting to submit a duplex stainless steel to a thermal cycle. In this work the influence of short thermal cycles on the properties of duplex stainless steel has been studied. Four duplex stainless steel grades have been selected: two superduplex grades, one standard grade and one lean duplex. The influence of thermal cycles has been studied on base materials and welds. The influence of plastic deformation has also been investigated. The influences of thermal cycles have been investigated on toughness and corrosion properties. The microstructural evolutions have also been studied. Results show that thermal cycles can affect toughness properties and corrosion properties in different ways. For example, at the lower temperature, toughness can be strongly reduced while localised corrosion resistance is not affected. At the higher temperature, both the corrosion resistance and the toughness can be significantly reduced. This is because of the microstructural evolution in the steels. The possible influence of thermal cycles on stress relaxation of welded structures has been studied experimentally and with the help of thermal simulation. It has been demonstrated that rate of stress relaxation up to 70 % can be achieved. The results of this work can be used to determine whether thermal cycles are suitable for a particular application. The thermal cycles acceptable depend on the base material, on the weld technique used and on the material specification.
Download or read book Effect of Thermal Cycles on the Properties of 25 Cr Duplex Stainless Steel Plates written by R. N. Gunn and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Thermal Cycles on the Microstructure and Toughness of Superduplex Stainless Steels written by Robert Neil Gunn and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Influence of environment and temperature on the low cycle fatigue properties of superduplex stainless steels written by Anna Gironés i Molera and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The effect of thermal aging on the mechanical properties of cast duplex stainless steels and weld metal written by T. Tanaka and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Welding Thermal Cycles on the Mechanical Properties of Carilloy T 1 Steel written by Craig R. Sibley and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Combined Effects of Temperature and Irradiation on the Mechanical Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steels written by J. E. Irvin and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Properties of a Duplex Austenitic ferritic Stainless Steel and Effects of Thermal History written by J. E. Truman and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of ASTM A 890 Gr6A Super Duplex Stainless Steel written by M. Martins and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Duplex stainless steels were initially developed for the manufacture of thermomechanically formed products. However, the increasing demand for casting components of these materials has led to the application of a widely developed technology for this forming process. After undergoing a solution annealing heat treatment, these materials become thermodynamically metastable systems, since the concentration of solute atoms in solid solution is so high that they become saturated, causing them to seek a lower free energy state when exposed to different temperatures. These systems reach a more stable thermodynamic condition by the precipitation of various intermetallic phases, depending on the temperatures to which they are exposed. Thermal energy serves as a catalyst to "overcome" the energy barrier that separates the metastable and stable phases. The objective of this work was to determine the influence of several heat treatment temperatures on the microstructure and mechanical properties of an ASTM A 890/A 890M Gr6A super duplex stainless steel. The increase in hardness and the decrease in impact toughness of these materials in impact tests were found to be directly correlated with the increase in sigma phase concentration in their microstructure, which tended to precipitate into ferrite/austenite interfaces. When the sigma phase was completely dissolved by the heat treatment, the material's hardness was determined by the volumetric concentration of ferrite and austenite in the microstructure, and the energy absorbed in the impact test reached approximately 220 J at room temperature.
Download or read book Effect of Temperature and Strain Rate on the Mechanical Properties and Deformation Behavior of a Duplex Stainless Steel written by Cynthia Lynn Beech and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Thermal Cycling on the Mechanical Properties of 300 Grade Maraging Steel written by Ashok Saxena and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microstructural Evolution in Additively Manufactured Duplex Stainless Steel Alloys written by Andrew Iams and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing demand for high performance additively manufactured (AM) components is driving demand for more alloy systems beyond the rather limited number currently in wide use. Duplex stainless steels, which offer high strength and superior corrosion resistance at a lower cost than equivalent austenitic stainless steels, are one of these emerging alloy systems. Their attractive properties are achieved in the wrought condition through a series of highly controlled thermo-mechanical and heat treatment steps designed to obtain a balanced ferrite/austenite microstructure. Although duplex stainless steels are used in petroleum, marine, and nuclear power applications, they can fail when subjected to high temperature service environments, which disrupt the balanced ferrite/austenite microstructure and lead to the precipitation of deleterious secondary phases. This balanced ferrite/austenite microstructure is especially susceptible to disruption in fusion-based AM processes, such as powder bed fusion and directed energy deposition. During each of these AM processing routes, the layer-by-layer deposition methodology produces a complex series of rapid heating, melting, solidification, and cooling cycles. Since the duplex stainless steel compositions were originally designed for wrought processing routes, the complex thermal histories characteristic of AM processes make it difficult to obtain the balanced ferrite/austenite microstructure and impact the resulting microstructure and properties. The impact of the complex thermal histories on microstructural formation across different grades must be understood for wide implementation of duplex stainless steel components fabricated through AM processing. In order to explore the feasibility of processing these alloys in this manner, a laser-based directed energy deposition process was used to fabricate lean (UNS S32101), standard (UNS S32205), and super (UNS S32507) duplex stainless steel structures, and their microstructural formation was investigated. The overall austenite levels were comparable to those found in wrought alloys, with austenite phase fractions ranging from 16.1% ± 1.1% in the lean, to 38.5% ± 1.6% in the standard, and 58.3% ± 0.1% in the super duplex stainless steel grades, respectively. Unlike the wrought condition, the austenite present in the as-built structures displayed a range of different morphologies, with intragranular austenite comprising between 55% and 76% of the austenite present within each build. This intragranular austenite primarily nucleated from oxygen-rich inclusions that originated from the powder feedstock and served as heterogenous nucleation sites during the deposition process. Oxygen levels, on the order of five times higher than that present in comparable wrought forms, led to the formation of these oxide phases in the powders as well as the as-built and hot isostatically pressed (HIP) conditions. These oxide inclusions exhibited complex structures with a combination of amorphous, metastable, and stable phases across these different conditions. In the powder particles, which experienced rapid cooling rates during the gas atomization process, amorphous inclusions that were rich in Mn, Cr, Si, and oxygen were observed and surrounded by small crystalline MnS particles. After additive manufacturing, these inclusions transformed to a combination of rhodonite (MnSiO3) and spinel (MnCr2O4) with amorphous regions around the exterior. Post-process hot isostatic pressing treatments resulted in the formation of a stable spinel oxide with MnS particles around the exterior, matching the results predicted by computational thermodynamic calculations. Even with these different microstructural features, room temperature tensile properties of additively manufactured duplex stainless steels are often similar to and even exceed those observed in the wrought condition. In the AM material, the finely dispersed ferrite and austenite phases produced a ductile failure mode and appear to be unaffected by the presence of the oxide inclusions. However, these testing conditions do not capture the performance of these alloys at high strain rates and low temperatures. At these low temperatures, impact energies for the AM fabricated materials were significantly degraded, falling well short of the wrought material requirements in both the as deposited and HIP conditions. This loss of properties is connected to the fine distribution of austenite and the presence of the oxide inclusions in the as deposited and post-processed microstructures. Significant changes in the fracture appearance were evident, with the largely ductile surface present under room temperature conditions becoming one with a combination of ductile and brittle features at the low temperatures. In both the standard and super grades, the brittle fracture features appeared largely in the ferrite phase, while the austenite phase retained a ductile failure appearance.
Download or read book Effect of Long Term Elevated Temperature Exposure on the Mechanical Properties and Weldability of Cast Duplex Stainless Steels written by Sanjay B. Shendye and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Boat Joinery and Cabinet Making Simplified written by Fred Bingham and published by International Marine/Ragged Mountain Press. This book was released on 1993-05-15 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aimed at boaters, this book is about building things of wood. Written by an experienced boatbuilder /designer, it presents joinery techniques and gimmicks that were born of trial and error. It provides alternative procedures for many of the projects, telling how to make them by Method A, Method B, and Method C.
Download or read book Boatbuilding Manual written by Robert M. Steward and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bertram 31 written by Bertram Yachts and published by . This book was released on 2019-02-25 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique 110-page blank journal works great for a boat log or notebook to keep track of repairs, trips, fuel burn or anything else that happens aboard your vessel.
Download or read book Marine Composites written by and published by Eric Greene Associates, Incorporated. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evolution of composite materials used in boat construction has created the need to evaluate design tools that are used to create safe marine structures. This book explores the technologies required to engineer advanced composite materials for large marine structures.
