Download or read book Influence of Temperature and Feeding Mode on Digestion and Sanitation Efficiency During Multiple stage Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Dairy Cattle Manure written by Mathias Effenberger and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2008 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Influence of Temperature and Feeding Mode on Digestion and Sanitation Efficiency During Multiple stage Treatment of Liquid Dairy Cattle Manure written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By quasi-continuous, three-stage mesophilic-thermophilic-mesophilic anaerobic treatment, a methane yield of 0.24 m3 per kg organic dry matter was achieved from the liquid manure of dairy cattle receiving a high-fiber diet. Given a minimum guaranteed retention time of 4 h at 55°C, the number of fecal coliforms was reduced to below 10 MPN per g fresh matter on average. The number of infectious Cryptosporidium oocysts was reduced by more than 5 log units. Increasing the feeding interval from 1 h to 4 h had no significant influence. Lowering the temperature in the first stage from 38°C to 20-25°C improved process stability in the thermophilic stage, but did not affect digestion and sanitation performance.
Download or read book Biogas written by Meisam Tabatabaei and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-19 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the state of the art in biogas production using anaerobic digestion technology, with an emphasis on waste utilization/valorization. Offering a comprehensive reference guide to biogas production from different waste streams, it covers various aspects of anaerobic digestion technology from the basics, i.e., microbiological aspects to prominent parameters governing biogas production systems, as well as major principles of their operation, analysis, process control, and troubleshooting. Written and edited by internationally recognized experts in the field of biogas production from both academia and industry, it provides in-depth and cutting-edge information on central developments in the field. In addition, it discusses and reviews major issues affecting biogas production, including the type of feedstock, pretreatment techniques, production systems, design and fabrication of biogas plants, as well as biogas purification and upgrading technologies. ‘Biogas: Fundamentals, Process, and Operation’ also addresses the application of advanced environmental and energy evaluation tools including life cycle assessment (LCA), exergy, techno-economics, and modeling techniques. This book is intended for all researchers, practitioners and students who are interested in the current trends and future prospects of biogas production technologies.
Download or read book Pathogen Destruction Efficiency In High Temperature Digestion written by Donald M. D. Gray (Gabb) and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this research was to evaluate and compare various thermophilic anaerobic digestion processes for meeting U.S. EPA biosolids Class A pathogen standards. The project was split into three phases. Phase 1 screened three bench-scale thermophilic anaerobic process configurations at three different thermophilic temperatures based on their fecal coliform destruction efficiency. All three of the thermophilic process configurations tested were capable of achieving the Class A fecal coliform standard and were included in Phase 2. In Phase 2, bench-scale anaerobic digesters were fed primary sludge seeded with E.coli, helminth ova, poliovirus, and Salmonella to evaluate pathogen destruction. Two process configurations, the thermophilic single-stage and the two-stage mesophilic acid-phase/thermophilic methane-phase system, met Class A requirements at 50oC. In Phase 3, the single-stage thermophilic anaerobic digestion process was compared to the single-stage mesophilic process at full scale (1.5-MG digesters) based on fecal coliform and pathogen destruction, process performance, digested sludge dewaterability, and odor generation. Pathogen destruction and process performance comparisons of the various process configurations are presented for each phase of the study. Based on the fecal coliform data presented here, an empirical model was developed for quantitatively comparing multiple stage and single-stage thermophilic anaerobic digester performance. The model demonstrates that various combinations of thermophilic temperatures, staging, and residence times can achieve the Class A fecal coliform requirement. This study also suggests that anaerobic digesters operating in the lower thermophilic temperature range (approximately 50?C) are not only capable of achieving Class A requirements but may also produce digested sludges with less odor and lower volatile solids than digesters operating at higher thermophilic temperatures.
Download or read book Solar Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 856 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Two Stage Liquid Solid Anaerobic Digestion of High Solid High Ammonia Rich Manures at a Low Temperature Adopting Recirculation Percolation Operational Mode written by Prativa Mahato and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globally, livestock and poultry production leads to total emissions of 7.1 Gigatonnes of Carbon-dioxide (CO2)-equivalent per year, representing 14.5% of all anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a sustainable approach to generate methane (CH4) from manure, but the risk of ammonia inhibition and high-solids can limit the AD process. A two-stage (liquid-solid) batch-mode AD biotechnology at a low-temperature (20±1 °C), using an adapted liquid inoculum, was developed to address the limiting factors. This study deals with chicken manure (CM) and dairy cow manure (DM) as feedstock. Furthermore, liquid inoculum recirculation-percolation mode was adopted to replace mechanical mixing. The findings from physio-chemical and biogas analysis showcased the sustainability of this novel biotechnology technique, yielding impressive results at 20±1 °C. Firstly, CM liquid inoculum was adapted to high-ammonia concentrations. Secondly, mono-digestion of CM (TKN: 23-33g/L; TS: 68-72%) was conducted in the aforementioned AD technology. Then, a start-up study on co-digestion of CM+DM (TKN: 13.6 g/L; TS: 48-51%) was conducted for 190 days using same technology. Moreover, to investigate AD process stability, physio-chemical parameters were monitored. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the operational feasibility of the proposed AD biotechnology. Results showed that, although a better SMY (0.52 ± 0.13 L CH4g−1VSfed) was obtained for mono-digestion of CM, co-digesting CM + DM showed a better methane quality and generated comparatively lower FAN. Finally, techno-economic assessment of the aforesaid AD technology, processing 1tonne-CM/day showed that the AD plant obtained revenue after 14 years from the commencement of the project.
Download or read book Thermal Pretreatment of Dairy Cow Manure for Solid state Anaerobic Digestion written by Wilton McVoitte and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This study investigates the effects of thermal pretreatment on the biogas yield and methane concentration from the solid-state anaerobic digestion of dairy cow manure. Anaerobic digestion is the biological degradation of organic biomass in the absence of oxygen, yielding a biogas containing methane - a gas that can be harnessed for energy. Anaerobic digestion is mediated by microbes that cannot efficiently break down lignocellulose. The process is normally conducted with liquid substrates having a total solid content less than 15%. However, research has been emerging into solid-state digestion (> 15% total solid content) for its ability to better degrade lignocellulose. Dairy cow manure is a substrate used for anaerobic digestion that has a high fiber content and recalcitrant lignocellulose resulting in low methane concentration. Thermal pretreatment improves digestion by breaking down the lignin and cellulose in the cell wall of the plant residues of manure. Therefore, the thermal pretreatment of dairy cow manure should facilitate the hydrolysis and microbial decomposition of lignocellulose, disintegrate the cell wall and increase the methane concentration in the biogas.Currently, limited knowledge is available about the effects that the temperature and duration of thermal pretreatment have on the biogas yield and methane concentration of solid-state digested cow manure. A response surface methodology called the central composite rotatable design was used to estimate the optimal pretreatment temperature and duration under the conditions of this experiment. This method is beneficial, allowing for fewer tests and less time when compared to a full-factorial design. A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine the effect that temperature and duration had on the biogas yield and methane concentration and the change in volatile solid and pH due to digestion. Under the conditions of this experiment, the treatment factors (temperature and duration) had no significant effect on the biogas yield and methane concentration. The treatments that yielded the highest biogas volumes and methane concentrations were for the control (untreated samples) and those treated at the center temperature and duration of the statistical model (125°C, 37.5 min). It cannot be concluded that thermal pretreatment increases the biogas yield and methane concentration from the solid-state digestion of dairy cow manure. Therefore, it is important to further study the effect of thermal pretreatment prior to implementation in industry as the added cost to supply heat may not offer any benefit.To better characterize the pretreatment temperature and duration, a single variable was devised that summarizes the heat distribution throughout the manure for each treatment. Initially, the oven temperature was reported as the pretreatment temperature. However, the temperature of the substrate was not the same temperature of the oven, especially with the dairy cow manure in its solid state. Most research thus far has been conducted on dairy manure in the liquid state and even so, heating is a transient process, resulting in uneven heat distribution throughout the manure sample. A single variable, called the volumetric heating factor (H), was therefore devised. This variable quantifies the effect of the transient temperature regime on the solid-state digestion of dairy cow manure, specifically the biogas yield and methane concentration. The volumetric heating factor had similar statistical significance as did temperature and duration in the conventional statistical model, i.e. no statistically significant effects on the biogas yield or methane concentration. However, H does allow researchers to use one variable instead of two to give an indication of the severity of the heat treatment. The volumetric heating factor is also a better descriptor in theory of the transient temperature regime within the sample material." --
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 984 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography of livestock waste management written by J. Ronald Miner and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research Reporting Series written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Anaerobic Codigestion of Dairy Manure and Food Manufacturing Waste for Renewable Energy Generation in New York State written by Matthew J. Rankin and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Anaerobic digestion is a microbiological process that converts biodegradable organic material into biogas, consisting primarily of methane and carbon dioxide. Anaerobic digestion technologies have been integrated into wastewater treatment facilities nationwide for many decades to increase the economic viability of the treatment process by converting a waste stream into two valuable products: biogas and fertilizer. Thus, anaerobic digestion offers potential economic and environmental benefits of organic waste diversion and renewable energy generation. The use of biogas has many applications, including cogeneration, direct combustion, upgrading for conversion to feed a fuel cell, and compression for injection into the natural gas grid or for vehicular use. The potential benefits of waste diversion and renewable energy generation are now being realized by major organic waste generators in New York State, in particular the food manufacturing and dairy industries, thus warranting an analysis of the energy generation potential for these waste products. Anaerobic codigestion of dairy manure and food-based feedstocks reflects a cradle-to-cradle approach to organic waste management. Given both of their abundance throughout New York State, waste-to-energy processes represent promising waste management strategies. The objective of this thesis was to evaluate the current technical and economic feasibility of anaerobically codigesting existing dairy manure and food manufacturing waste feedstocks in New York State to produce high quality biogas for renewable energy generation. The first element to determining the technical feasibility of anaerobic codigestion potential in New York State was to first understand the feedstock availability. A comprehensive survey of existing organic waste streams was conducted. The key objective was to identify the volume and composition of dairy manure and liquid-phase food manufacturing waste streams available in New York State to make codigestion of multiple feedstocks in centralized anaerobic codigestion facilities an economically attractive alternative to traditional waste disposal pathways (e.g. landfill and wastewater treatment facilities). A technical and environmental assessment of processing food manufacturing wastes and dairy manure for production of electricity via cogeneration, while dependent on biogas quantity and quality as well as the proximity of the waste generators to the centralized codigestion facility, suggests that a real possibility exists for integrating dairy operations with food manufacturing facilities, dependent on the values of the parameters indicated in this thesis. The results of the environmental analysis show that considerable electricity generation and greenhouse gas emissions reductions are possible, depending primarily on feedstock availability and proximity to the centralized anaerobic digester. The initial results are encouraging and future work is warranted for analyzing the site-specific technical and economic viability of codigesting dairy manure and food manufacturing wastes to produce high quality biogas for renewable energy generation in New York State."--Abstract.
Download or read book Temperature phased Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Treatment of Dairy Wastewater written by Prince Noah Dugba and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Anaerobic Fermentation of Beef Cattle Manure written by Andrew G. Hashimoto and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Livestock and the Environment written by M. L. Rowe and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Livestock and the Environment written by Ralph H. Ramsey and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion Model No 1 ADM1 written by IWA Task Group for Mathematical Modelling of Anaerobic Digestion Processes and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2002-02-01 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The IWA Task Group for Mathematical Modelling of Anaerobic Digestion Processes was created with the aim to produce a generic model and common platform for dynamic simulations of a variety of anaerobic processes. This book presents the outcome of this undertaking and is the result of four years collaborative work by a number of international experts from various fields of anaerobic process technology. The purpose of this approach is to provide a unified basis for anaerobic digestion modelling. It is hoped this will promote increased application of modelling and simulation as a tool for research, design, operation and optimisation of anaerobic processes worldwide. This model was developed on the basis of the extensive but often disparate work in modelling and simulation of anaerobic digestion systems over the last twenty years. In developing ADM1, the Task Group have tried to establish common nomenclature, units and model structure, consistent with existing anaerobic modelling literature and the popular activated sludge models (See Activated Sludge Models ASM1, ASM2, ASM2d and ASM3, IWA Publishing, 2000, ISBN: 1900222248). As such, it is intended to promote widespread application of simulation from domestic (wastewater and sludge) treatment systems to specialised industrial applications. Outputs from the model include common process variables such gas flow and composition, pH, separate organic acids, and ammonium. The structure has been devised to encourage specific extensions or modifications where required, but still maintain a common platform. During development the model has been successfully tested on a range of systems from full-scale waste sludge digestion to laboratory-scale thermophilic high-rate UASB reactors. The model structure is presented in a readily applicable matrix format for implementation in many available differential equation solvers. It is expected that the model will be available as part of commercial wastewater simulation packages. ADM1 will be a valuable information source for practising engineers working in water treatment (both domestic and industrial) as well as academic researchers and students in Environmental Engineering and Science, Civil and Sanitary Engineering, Biotechnology, and Chemical and Process Engineering departments. Contents Introduction Nomenclature, State Variables and Expressions Biochemical Processes Physicochemical Processes Model Implementation in a Single Stage CSTR Suggested Biochemical Parameter Values, Sensitivity and Estimation Conclusions References Appendix A: Review of Parameters Appendix B: Supplementary Matrix Information Appendix C: Integration with the ASM Appendix D: Estimating Stoichiometric Coefficients for Fermentation Scientific & Technical Report No.13
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 1128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
