Download or read book Influence of Mechanical Surface Treatments on Oxide Films Properties Formed on 304L Stainless Steels in Simulated BWR and PWR Primary Water written by Kathleen Jaffré and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As some mechanical surface treatments may be applied during service life of nuclear components, the objective of this work is to determine their influence on surface state of the 304L stainless steel (SS) and its oxidation behavior during exposures in a simulated BWR and PWR environment. In this regard, the oxidation features of SS modified surfaces by dry grinding or mechanical polishing were compared. To describe the microstructural modification induced by the surface treatment, subsurface characterizations were first performed. The characterizations tools used are scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), 3D optical profilometer, and X-ray diffraction. Each surface treatment affects differently the surface state. The underneath surface of the ground specimens presents an ultrafine grain layer and a strong plastic deformation, while the thickness of the ultrafine grain layer is related to the final polishing stage for the polished specimens. Grinding also induces high residual compressive stresses and high roughness compared to polishing. Then, the reactivity of the modified surface was evaluated under different conditions. The electrochemical protocol, based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy coupled with Mott-Schottky analysis, was firstly set up to study the properties of passive films formed on SS in a borate buffer solution at room temperature as a function of the surface treatment. Then, the reactivity of the surface oxidized in autoclave was determined ex-situ by the same method complemented by morphology and composition characterizations by either SEM, TEM, or X-ray photoelectron spectrometry. Whatever the simulated environment, the mechanical surface treatment mainly influences the thickness and doping density of the inner oxide and the composition and morphologies of the outer oxide precipitates in terms of shape and size. Finally, the impact of the considered environment on oxidation features was also discussed.

Download or read book Metals Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1042 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book INIS Atomindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 988 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Corrosion Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Thermal Machining Processes written by Society of Manufacturing Engineers and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Corrosion of Stainless Steels written by A. John Sedriks and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1996-04-19 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Complete, Up-to-Date Introduction to Corrosion of StainlessSteels and Metallurgical Factors This fully updated Second Editionof Corrosion of Stainless Steels covers the tremendous advancesmade with stainless steels in recent decades, includingapplications in many new areas--from marine technologies andoff-shore oil production to power plants and the kitchen sink. Thisbook offers unique insights into the corrosion mechanisms affectingstainless steels, details problem-avoidance strategies, and helpsidentify corrosion-resistant capabilities for these remarkablealloys Sponsored by the Electrochemical Society, Corrosion osStainless Steels * Provides a comprehensive introduction to the selection,development, and production of all types of stainless steels * Emphasizes how metallurgical factors affect corrosionresistance * Examines the limitations of stainless steels within the contextof a discussion on higher alloys * Takes an interdisciplinary approach that demonstrates thecombined effects of metallurgy, chemistry, and electrochemistry oncorrosion resistance * Provides baseline knowledge and testing standards for stainlesssteels, and facilitates failure analysis for industrial purposes orlitigation related to equipment failure This is a much-needed text for materials scientists, chemicalengineers, corrosion specialists, graduate students, and anyone whoneeds to be brought up to date on this subject.

Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking written by V S Raja and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page 817 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem of stress corrosion cracking (SCC), which causes sudden failure of metals and other materials subjected to stress in corrosive environment(s), has a significant impact on a number of sectors including the oil and gas industries and nuclear power production. Stress corrosion cracking reviews the fundamentals of the phenomenon as well as examining stress corrosion behaviour in specific materials and particular industries.The book is divided into four parts. Part one covers the mechanisms of SCC and hydrogen embrittlement, while the focus of part two is on methods of testing for SCC in metals. Chapters in part three each review the phenomenon with reference to a specific material, with a variety of metals, alloys and composites discussed, including steels, titanium alloys and polymer composites. In part four, the effect of SCC in various industries is examined, with chapters covering subjects such as aerospace engineering, nuclear reactors, utilities and pipelines.With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Stress corrosion cracking is an essential reference for engineers and designers working with metals, alloys and polymers, and will be an invaluable tool for any industries in which metallic components are exposed to tension, corrosive environments at ambient and high temperatures. - Examines the mechanisms of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) presenting recognising testing methods and materials resistant to SCC - Assesses the effect of SCC on particular metals featuring steel, stainless steel, nickel-based alloys, magnesium alloys, copper-based alloys and welds in steels - Reviews the monitoring and management of SCC and the affect of SCC in different industries such as petrochemical and aerospace

Download or read book The Combined Effects of Temperature and Irradiation on the Mechanical Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steels written by J. E. Irvin and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking of Nickel Based Alloys in Water cooled Nuclear Reactors written by Damien Feron and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-01-30 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stress Corrosion Cracking of Nickel Based Alloys in Water-Cooled Nuclear Reactors: The Coriou Effect presents the latest information on brittle failure of metals in corrosive chemical environments under the influence of tensile stresses. Nickel alloys are more resistant to SCC as well as high temperatures and have been widely used in more challenging environments such as nuclear power plants. However, these alloys can suffer SCC under certain conditions, resulting in component failure. A key figure in understanding the mechanisms of SCC in nickel alloys in water-cooled nuclear reactors is Henri Coriou of the CEA, France's leading center for nuclear research. This book assesses his work in the context of the latest research on SCC in nickel alloys in nuclear power plants. - Up-to-date reviews of recent research findings from leading experts in the field - Authoritative and comprehensively reviewed by the Working Party 4 on Nuclear Corrosion - Showcases the excellent quality and technical accomplishments of Henri Coriou and CEA

Download or read book Introduction to Corrosion Science written by E. McCafferty and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-01-04 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook is intended for a one-semester course in corrosion science at the graduate or advanced undergraduate level. The approach is that of a physical chemist or materials scientist, and the text is geared toward students of chemistry, materials science, and engineering. This textbook should also be useful to practicing corrosion engineers or materials engineers who wish to enhance their understanding of the fundamental principles of corrosion science. It is assumed that the student or reader does not have a background in electrochemistry. However, the student or reader should have taken at least an undergraduate course in materials science or physical chemistry. More material is presented in the textbook than can be covered in a one-semester course, so the book is intended for both the classroom and as a source book for further use. This book grew out of classroom lectures which the author presented between 1982 and the present while a professorial lecturer at George Washington University, Washington, DC, where he organized and taught a graduate course on “Environmental Effects on Materials.” Additional material has been provided by over 30 years of experience in corrosion research, largely at the Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC and also at the Bethlehem Steel Company, Bethlehem, PA and as a Robert A. Welch Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Texas. The text emphasizes basic principles of corrosion science which underpin extensions to practice.

Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking in Light Water Reactors written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides general descriptions of degradation mechanisms of different types of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) which are concerned with systems, structures and components in PWRs and BWRs. This publication includes examples of good practices in preventing, mitigating and repairing SCC damage and summarizes research and development programmes.

Download or read book Mechanics of Fatigue Crack Closure written by Wolf Elber and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1988 with total page 671 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 964 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Friction Surfacing of 304L Austenitic Stainless Steels written by Hemant Agiwal and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Friction surfacing is a solid-state deposition process that provides microstructural and mechanical property benefits over fusion-based deposition methods as a result of the lower heat input and hot working. This study investigates friction surfacing for producing stainless steel 304L coatings on a substrate of the same material. The aims of this investigation include evaluation of the process feasibility, development of a fundamental understanding of the process physics, implementation for additive manufacturing, and application as a surface crack repair technology. Friction surfacing was performed on CNC machine tools in position control mode while observing the process forces on the back side of the deposit. During friction surfacing, the consumable rod's diameter, rotational speed, traversing feed rate, and axial feed rate were varied. Significant literature has been well-published on the impact of the traverse feed rate, axial feed rate, and spindle speed on deposition morphology and the performance of the process. However, a combined impact of the spindle speed and consumable rod diameter is missing. Through an extensive process parameter map and regression analyses, appropriate traverse and axial feed rates were found to be used across a range of spindle speeds and consumable rod diameters throughout the study. The influence of spindle speed and consumable rod diameter was studied during friction surfacing of 304L stainless steel consumable rod over the substrate of the same material. Friction surfacing was performed using a consumable rod with diameters of 4.76 mm, 9.52 mm, and 12.7 mm, while using spindle speeds from 1,500-20,000 RPM, keeping the other parameters constant. The impact of spindle speed on deposition morphology, including the radius of contact, was studied. The radius of contact was calculated empirically and was found to be inversely proportional to the tangential velocity of the rod. In this study, a new dimensionless number [sigma] is introduced, which is the ratio of the thermal heat generated by plastic work during friction surfacing and the thermal diffusivity of the material. The heat flux and axial pressures were calculated analytically and were found to be strongly correlated with [sigma]. The bonding characteristics were analyzed by performing peel-off and tensile tests on the coatings, and it was found that the bonding characteristics improved by increasing [sigma] during friction surfacing. This study provides analytical relations that can be used to select the right combination of consumable rod diameter and spindle speed for a given application during friction surfacing. The study examines microstructure and corrosion properties for friction surfaced 304L stainless steel consumable rods on 304L stainless steel substrates. Microstructural characterization revealed fine-grained microstructure with distributed strain-induced martensite and high residual compressive stresses. Corrosion studies of friction surfaced specimens were carried out by exposure to FeCl3 and MgCl2 solutions per ASTM G48 and ASTM G36 standards, respectively. The corrosion tests showed friction surfacing led to shallower and smaller pits than the uncoated substrate. However, the pit number density was higher in the friction surfaced specimens. The microstructural transformations during friction surfacing are beneficial to mitigating pitting corrosion and potentially chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking (CISCC). Friction surfacing was investigated as a method for sealing 50 [mu]m wide thru-cracks in 3-mm-thick 304L stainless steel (304L) plate. Friction surfacing was performed using two sizes of 304L consumable rod, with diameters of 9.52 mm and 12.7 mm, on two substrate conditions (clean and oxidized). Friction surfacing was able to deposit a 600 [mu]m coating, and repair cracks to a depth of 100 [mu]m - 200 [mu]m below the original surface when using the 12.7-mm-diameter consumable rod for both substrate conditions. Helium leak rates of 10-10 atm-cc/sec were achieved using tests designated as leak-tight by the ANSI N14.5 standard. Optical and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the coating microstructure and bond interfaces. It was found the 12.7mm-diameter rod performed better with disruption of the oxide layer on the oxidized substrate and providing a more homogenous coating. The mechanical properties of the coated samples were evaluated by performing micro-indentation, tensile, bending, and adhesion tests. Higher hardness in the coatings was observed due to the fine equiaxed grains resulting from dynamic recrystallization. Complete consolidation of plastically deformed material on the substrate and a strong diffusion bond across the interface was observed. This was reflected in the tensile and bending properties of the friction surfaced coatings being comparable to those of uncoated specimens. No delamination of the friction surfaced coating was observed during adhesion testing. The results demonstrate that friction surfacing is a viable option for repairing cracks in stainless steel. The crack repair was also performed at 20,000 RPM using a 4.76 mm consumable rod. Leak-tight crack repair was achieved while remaining the process forces below 500N. Thus, the applicability of the process as a low-force solid-state repair technology was demonstrated. Friction surfacing was next studied as a solid state metal additive process by depositing a succession of coating layers. The objective of this work is to study friction surfacing process variability when depositing multilayered coatings. This is motivated by the need to maintain deposition quality when depositing multiple friction surfacing layers, whether for repair, remanufacturing, or new part creation using this solid-state metal additive manufacturing process. In this study, 10-mm-diameter 304L stainless steel rods were used to create up to five layers of 40-mm-long coatings on 304L substrates using a constant set of processing parameters. In-process measurement of forces (X, Y, Z), flash temperature, flash geometry, layer temperature, and post-process measurement of layer geometry, microhardness, and microstructure are used to characterize changes in the friction surfacing process as more layers are deposited. It was observed that with increasing layers: layer thickness and deposition efficiency decrease; offsetting of the deposition towards the retreating side, and temperature in the deposited layer increase; and flash temperature does not change. Metallurgical analyses of friction surfaced cross-sections revealed fine grain refinement and transformation of base austenite to strain-induced martensite. It is concluded that the process parameters need to be adjusted even after the second or third layer is deposited, corrections to the tool path are required after a couple of layers, and the measured process forces, as well as deposited layer temperature, may be useful to monitor and control the process and its instabilities. Through this study, multiple facets of the friction surfacing process for austenitic stainless steels were studied. The results from the study demonstrate friction surfacing as a viable technology to produce solid-state coatings with superior mechanical, microstructural, and corrosion properties for surface crack repair applications.

Download or read book High Performance Light Water Reactor written by Thomas Schulenberg and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2014-07-28 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results of the project "High Performance Light Water Reactor--Phase 2," carried out September 2006-February 2010 as part of the 6th European Framework Program.

Download or read book NRC Regulatory Guides written by U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A compilation of currently available electronic versions of NRC regulatory guides.

Download or read book Thermodynamics Diffusion and the Kirkendall Effect in Solids written by Aloke Paul and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-16 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book basic and some more advanced thermodynamics and phase as well as stability diagrams relevant for diffusion studies are introduced. Following, Fick’s laws of diffusion, atomic mechanisms, interdiffusion, intrinsic diffusion, tracer diffusion and the Kirkendall effect are discussed. Short circuit diffusion is explained in detail with an emphasis on grain boundary diffusion. Recent advances in the area of interdiffusion will be introduced. Interdiffusion in multi-component systems is also explained. Many practical examples will be given, such that researches working in this area can learn the practical evaluation of various diffusion parameters from experimental results. Large number of illustrations and experimental results are used to explain the subject. This book will be appealing for students, academicians, engineers and researchers in academic institutions, industry research and development laboratories.