Download or read book Influence of Ethanol in Spark Ignition Engine Fuel Consumption written by Mohamad Waspi Kassim Krismaran and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ethanol fuel is known as Gasohol blend, where there is E5, E85, E100 and etcetera. The figure shows percent of ethanol blend in gasoline. Main function of using gasohol is as alternative fuel. This blend can reduce reliability on gasoline. Using gasohol as fuel will affect engine performance, fuel consumption and emission. Ethanol in gasohol increases the octane number of the fuel, higher octane number fuel allow higher compression ratio in engine. For normal naturally-aspirated engine the common compression ratio is 10:1, but gasohol allow compression ratio up to 15:1. Higher compression ratio leads to better combustion and emissions. Experimentally, gasohol will cause increase in fuel consumptions but reduce in engine power and torque. For this project the engine used is Mitsubishi 4G92, four cylinder, water cooled, four-stroke, and 1.6L. The engine designed virtually in GT-Power software and all engine parameters remain constant. By using GT-Power simulation, brake fuel consumption of naturallyaspirated engine is tested using gasoline and gasohol as fuels. The fuel consumption of the engine was tested different rpm for both gasoline and gasohol. The result of the experiment is important to improve engine fuel consumptions which using gasohol as fuel and give advantages to gasohol engine designer to build reliable engine.

Download or read book Fuel Economy written by John C. Hilliard and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1984-05 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concern about the reduced availability and the increased cost of petroleum fuels prompted great efforts in recent years to reduce the fuel consumption of auto mobiles. The ongoing efforts to reduce fuel consumption have addressed many relevant factors, including increased engine performance, reduced friction, use of lightweight materials, and reduced aerodynamic drag. The results of the investigations assessing the various factors affecting fuel economy have been published in journals, conference proceedings, and in company and government reports. This proliferation of technical information makes it difficult for workers to keep abreast of aU developments. The material presented in this book brings together in a single volume much of the relevant materials, summarizes many of the state-of-the-art theories and data, and provides extensive lists of references. Thus, it is hoped that this book will be a useful reference for specialists and practicing engineers interested in the fuel economy of automobiles. J. C. HILLIARD o. S. SPRINGER vii CONTENTS 1. AUTOMOTIVE FUEL ECONOMY David Cole I. Introduction and Background. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . n. Fuel Economy Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 A. Engine................................................... 11 B. Drive Train. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. Vehicle Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. Operating Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 . . . . . . . . . . . . E. Test Cycles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. FUEL ECONOMY AND EMISSIONS J. T. Kummer I. Introduction .................................................. . 35 n. Emission Regulations .......................................... .

Download or read book The Effect of Ethanol Fuel on a Spark Ignition Engine written by Koichi Nakata and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cost Effectiveness and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-09-28 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The light-duty vehicle fleet is expected to undergo substantial technological changes over the next several decades. New powertrain designs, alternative fuels, advanced materials and significant changes to the vehicle body are being driven by increasingly stringent fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards. By the end of the next decade, cars and light-duty trucks will be more fuel efficient, weigh less, emit less air pollutants, have more safety features, and will be more expensive to purchase relative to current vehicles. Though the gasoline-powered spark ignition engine will continue to be the dominant powertrain configuration even through 2030, such vehicles will be equipped with advanced technologies, materials, electronics and controls, and aerodynamics. And by 2030, the deployment of alternative methods to propel and fuel vehicles and alternative modes of transportation, including autonomous vehicles, will be well underway. What are these new technologies - how will they work, and will some technologies be more effective than others? Written to inform The United States Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission standards, this new report from the National Research Council is a technical evaluation of costs, benefits, and implementation issues of fuel reduction technologies for next-generation light-duty vehicles. Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles estimates the cost, potential efficiency improvements, and barriers to commercial deployment of technologies that might be employed from 2020 to 2030. This report describes these promising technologies and makes recommendations for their inclusion on the list of technologies applicable for the 2017-2025 CAFE standards.

Download or read book Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-06-03 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various combinations of commercially available technologies could greatly reduce fuel consumption in passenger cars, sport-utility vehicles, minivans, and other light-duty vehicles without compromising vehicle performance or safety. Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy estimates the potential fuel savings and costs to consumers of available technology combinations for three types of engines: spark-ignition gasoline, compression-ignition diesel, and hybrid. According to its estimates, adopting the full combination of improved technologies in medium and large cars and pickup trucks with spark-ignition engines could reduce fuel consumption by 29 percent at an additional cost of $2,200 to the consumer. Replacing spark-ignition engines with diesel engines and components would yield fuel savings of about 37 percent at an added cost of approximately $5,900 per vehicle, and replacing spark-ignition engines with hybrid engines and components would reduce fuel consumption by 43 percent at an increase of $6,000 per vehicle. The book focuses on fuel consumption-the amount of fuel consumed in a given driving distance-because energy savings are directly related to the amount of fuel used. In contrast, fuel economy measures how far a vehicle will travel with a gallon of fuel. Because fuel consumption data indicate money saved on fuel purchases and reductions in carbon dioxide emissions, the book finds that vehicle stickers should provide consumers with fuel consumption data in addition to fuel economy information.

Download or read book HCCI and CAI Engines for the Automotive Industry written by Hua Zhao and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-09-10 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI)/controlled auto-ignition (CAI) has emerged as one of the most promising engine technologies with the potential to combine fuel efficiency and improved emissions performance, offering reduced nitrous oxides and particulate matter alongside efficiency comparable with modern diesel engines. Despite the considerable advantages, its operational range is rather limited and controlling the combustion (timing of ignition and rate of energy release) is still an area of on-going research. Commercial applications are, however, close to reality. HCCI a.

Download or read book Handbook on Bioethanol written by Charles Wyman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-05-02 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioethanol is a versatile transportation fuel and fuel additive that offers excellent performance and reduced air pollution compared to conventional fuels. Its production and use adds little, if any, net release of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, dramatically reducing the potential for global climate change. Through a sustained research program and an emerging economic competitiveness, the technology for bioethanol production is poised for immediate widespread commercial applications. Written by engineers and scientists providing a technical focus, this handbook provides the up-to-date information needed by managers, engineers, and scientists to evaluate the technology, market, and economics of this fuel, while examining the development of production required to support its commercial use.

Download or read book Alcohol as an Alternative Fuel for Internal Combustion Engines written by Pravesh Chandra Shukla and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-15 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: div="" This book covers different aspects related to utilization of alcohol fuels in internal combustion (IC) engines with a focus on combustion, performance and emission investigations. The focal point of this book is to present engine combustion, performance and emission characteristics of IC engines fueled by alcohol blended fuels such as methanol, ethanol and butanol. The contents also highlight the importance of alcohol fuel for reducing emission levels. Possibility of alcohol fuels for marine applications has also been discussed. This book is a useful guide for researchers, academics and scientists. ^

Download or read book An Overview of the Effects of Ethanol Gasoline Blends on SI Engine Performance Fuel Efficiency and Emissions written by Robert A. Stein and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Knock limited Performance of Ethanol Blends in a Spark ignition Engine written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental study was performed to determine the effect of varying percentages of ethanol in fuel using a CFR engine operated at knock-limited compression ratio and maximum power spark timing. Blends of 85 octane primary reference fuel and ethanol in concentrations between 10 and 25% by volume were tested for performance, fuel economy, and exhaust emissions. The results indicated that when the engine was operated at knock-limited conditions at a constant equivalence ratio, the use of ethanol resulted in a reduction in petroleum fuel usage of 10% greater than the volumetric percentage of the ethanol used in the blend. These results were independent of the amount of ethanol used in the blend. Under these conditions, as the ethanol concentration was increased, BMEP and BSHC increased, BSNO and BSCO remained essentially constant, and exhaust temperature decreased.

Download or read book Automotive Spark Ignited Direct Injection Gasoline Engines written by F. Zhao and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-02-08 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The process of fuel injection, spray atomization and vaporization, charge cooling, mixture preparation and the control of in-cylinder air motion are all being actively researched and this work is reviewed in detail and analyzed. The new technologies such as high-pressure, common-rail, gasoline injection systems and swirl-atomizing gasoline fuel injections are discussed in detail, as these technologies, along with computer control capabilities, have enabled the current new examination of an old objective; the direct-injection, stratified-charge (DISC), gasoline engine. The prior work on DISC engines that is relevant to current GDI engine development is also reviewed and discussed. The fuel economy and emission data for actual engine configurations have been obtained and assembled for all of the available GDI literature, and are reviewed and discussed in detail. The types of GDI engines are arranged in four classifications of decreasing complexity, and the advantages and disadvantages of each class are noted and explained. Emphasis is placed upon consensus trends and conclusions that are evident when taken as a whole; thus the GDI researcher is informed regarding the degree to which engine volumetric efficiency and compression ratio can be increased under optimized conditions, and as to the extent to which unburned hydrocarbon (UBHC), NOx and particulate emissions can be minimized for specific combustion strategies. The critical area of GDI fuel injector deposits and the associated effect on spray geometry and engine performance degradation are reviewed, and important system guidelines for minimizing deposition rates and deposit effects are presented. The capabilities and limitations of emission control techniques and after treatment hardware are reviewed in depth, and a compilation and discussion of areas of consensus on attaining European, Japanese and North American emission standards presented. All known research, prototype and production GDI engines worldwide are reviewed as to performance, emissions and fuel economy advantages, and for areas requiring further development. The engine schematics, control diagrams and specifications are compiled, and the emission control strategies are illustrated and discussed. The influence of lean-NOx catalysts on the development of late-injection, stratified-charge GDI engines is reviewed, and the relative merits of lean-burn, homogeneous, direct-injection engines as an option requiring less control complexity are analyzed.

Download or read book Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals written by John B. Heywood and published by McGraw-Hill Education. This book was released on 1988 with total page 930 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text, by a leading authority in the field, presents a fundamental and factual development of the science and engineering underlying the design of combustion engines and turbines. An extensive illustration program supports the concepts and theories discussed.

Download or read book Effects of Different Fuels on a Turbocharged Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine written by Justin E. Negrete and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The following pages describe the experimentation and analysis of two different fuels in GM's high compression ratio, turbocharged direct injection (TDI) engine. The focus is on a burn rate analysis for the fuels - gasoline and E85 - at varying intake air temperatures. The results are aimed at aiding in a subsequent study that will look at the benefits of direct injection in turbocharged engines, ethanol's knock suppression properties, and the effects of ethanol concentration in gasoline/ethanol blends. Spark sweeps were performed for each fuel/temperature combination to find the knock limit and to assess each fuels' sensitivity to spark timing and temperature. The findings were that E85 has lower sensitivity to spark timing in terms of NIMEP loss for deviation from MBT timing. A 5% loss in NIMEP was seen at 3° of spark advance or retard for gasoline, whereas E85 took 5' to realize the same drop in NIMEP. Gasoline was also much more sensitive to intake air temperature changes than E85. Increasing the intake air temperature for gasoline decreased the peak pressure, however, knock onset began earlier for the higher temperatures, indicating that end-gas autoignition is more dependent on temperature than pressure. E85's peak pressure sensitivity to spark timing was found to be about 50% lower than that of gasoline and it displayed much higher knock resistance, not knocking until the intake air temperature was 130°C with spark timing of 30° bTDC. These results give some insight into the effectiveness of ethanol to improve gasoline's anti-knock index. Future experiments will aim to quantify charge cooling and anti-knock properties, and determine how ethanol concentration in gasoline/ethanol blends effects this knock suppression ability.

Download or read book Potential of Spark Ignition Engine Effect of Vehicle Design Variables on Top Speed Performance and Fuel Economy written by Russell W. Zub and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Automotive Fuels Reference Book written by Paul Richards and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2014-03-05 with total page 870 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first two editions of this title, published by SAE International in 1990 and 1995, have been best-selling definitive references for those needing technical information about automotive fuels. This long-awaited new edition has been thoroughly revised and updated, yet retains the original fundamental fuels information that readers find so useful. This book is written for those with an interest in or a need to understand automotive fuels. Because automotive fuels can no longer be developed in isolation from the engines that will convert the fuel into the power necessary to drive our automobiles, knowledge of automotive fuels will also be essential to those working with automotive engines. Small quantities of fuel additives increasingly play an important role in bridging the gap that often exists between fuel that can easily be produced and fuel that is needed by the ever-more sophisticated automotive engine. This book pulls together in a single, extensively referenced volume, the three different but related topics of automotive fuels, fuel additives, and engines, and shows how all three areas work together. It includes a brief history of automotive fuels development, followed by chapters on automotive fuels manufacture from crude oil and other fossil sources. One chapter is dedicated to the manufacture of automotive fuels and fuel blending components from renewable sources. The safe handling, transport, and storage of fuels, from all sources, are covered. New combustion systems to achieve reduced emissions and increased efficiency are discussed, and the way in which the fuels’ physical and chemical characteristics affect these combustion processes and the emissions produced are included. There is also discussion on engine fuel system development and how these different systems affect the corresponding fuel requirements. Because the book is for a global market, fuel system technologies that only exist in the legacy fleet in some markets are included. The way in which fuel requirements are developed and specified is discussed. This covers test methods from simple laboratory bench tests, through engine testing, and long-term test procedures.

Download or read book Effects of High Octane Ethanol Blends on Four Legacy Flex Fuel Vehicles and a Turbocharged GDI Vehicle written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is supporting engine and vehicle research to investigate the potential of high-octane fuels to improve fuel economy. Ethanol has very high research octane number (RON) and heat of vaporization (HoV), properties that make it an excellent spark ignition engine fuel. The prospects of increasing both the ethanol content and the octane number of the gasoline pool has the potential to enable improved fuel economy in future vehicles with downsized, downsped engines. This report describes a small study to explore the potential performance benefits of high octane ethanol blends in the legacy fleet. There are over 17 million flex-fuel vehicles (FFVs) on the road today in the United States, vehicles capable of using any fuel from E0 to E85. If a future high-octane blend for dedicated vehicles is on the horizon, the nation is faced with the classic chicken-and-egg dilemma. If today's FFVs can see a performance advantage with a high octane ethanol blend such as E25 or E30, then perhaps consumer demand for this fuel can serve as a bridge to future dedicated vehicles. Experiments were performed with four FFVs using a 10% ethanol fuel (E10) with 88 pump octane, and a market gasoline blended with ethanol to make a 30% by volume ethanol fuel (E30) with 94 pump octane. The research octane numbers were 92.4 for the E10 fuel and 100.7 for the E30 fuel. Two vehicles had gasoline direct injected (GDI) engines, and two featured port fuel injection (PFI). Significant wide open throttle (WOT) performance improvements were measured for three of the four FFVs, with one vehicle showing no change. Additionally, a conventional (non-FFV) vehicle with a small turbocharged direct-injected engine was tested with a regular grade of gasoline with no ethanol (E0) and a splash blend of this same fuel with 15% ethanol by volume (E15). RON was increased from 90.7 for the E0 to 97.8 for the E15 blend. Significant wide open throttle and thermal efficiency performance improvement was measured for this vehicle, which achieved near volumetric fuel economy parity on the aggressive US06 drive cycle, demonstrating the potential for improved fuel economy in forthcoming downsized, downsped engines with high-octane fuels.

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: