Download or read book Influence of Dietary Energy Source on in Vitro Substrate Utilization and Insulin Sensitivity of Muscle and Adipose Tissue of Beef Cattle written by Ryan D. Rhoades and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beef carcass value is influenced by the quantity and distribution of adipose tissue. Elucidation of metabolic controls of caloric partitioning between adipose depots could lead to development of production solutions that enhance beef carcass value. Historical trends in Choice and Select beef supply and short-term demand structures for Choice and Select boxed beef were explored. Recent stabilization in slaughter mix may suggest an optimum is being approached. Evaluation of short-run demand supports this premise, and suggests that Choice and Select products may not be strong substitutes. Growth-based prediction equations relating carcass traits to growth traits using ultrasound measurements as the basis of projections under different growing systems were explored. Accuracy of carcass fat predictions from growth-based equations is influenced by weight gain between ultrasound and endpoint, breed, and gender; scans out to 120 d pre-harvest may be accurate. Angus steers were used to test effects of dietary energy source on muscle and adipose tissue metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Results suggest that feeding hay limited both glucose supply and tissue capacity to increase glucose utilization in response to insulin without altering acetate conversion to fatty acids. Because subcutaneous (s.c.) adipose tissue consistently utilized more acetate and oxidized more glucose than intramuscular (i.m.), these results suggest that hay-based diets may alter i.m. adipose tissue metabolism with less impact on s.c. adipose tissue. Additionally, s.c. adipose tissue may become resistant to insulin in steers fed to an excessive s.c. fat thickness. A final experiment was designed to test the effects of dietary energy source during backgrounding and compositional endpoint on adipose tissue metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Feeding hay during backgrounding may have differential effects on tissue lipogenesis. Feeding hay increased both glucose oxidation and incorporation of acetate into fatty acids; in i.m. insulin failed to stimulate glucose conversion to lipid. As physiological maturity increases, glucose conversion to CO2 and lactate increased, but the ability of insulin to stimulate lipid synthesis from glucose may be reduced. These data provide foundation for a hypothesis regarding diet-mediated regulation of differential adipose tissue metabolism. Validation of these hypotheses could generate nutritional strategies that alter the rate and site of adipose deposition.
Download or read book Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition written by G. Matteo Crovetto and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-09-04 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition is of increasing importance as greater efficiency and health benefits are sought in feed for animal production. Top scientists from around the world have collaborated in this book to exchange expertise and knowledge on the latest developments in the field. The topics range from tissue metabolism and regulation mechanisms to practical aspects of energy and protein nutrition and feeding. A better and deeper understanding of nutrient metabolism and nutrition can only be achieved by integrating the outcomes of scientists researching different aspects of this topic. In doing this practical outcomes are sought for the direct benefit of producers and consumers. Special topics such as the links between energy/protein metabolism and nutrition regarding food quality, nutrigenomics, environmental sustainability and animal welfare in relation to the topic are all explored. This book is a valuable resource to all researchers and industry professionals who concern themselves with animal nutrition.
Download or read book Animal production and animal science worldwide written by A. Rosati and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-08-28 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This World Association for Animal Production (WAAP) Book of the Year series, now in its fourth volume, grows each year in its popularity. The authors are selected for their expertise in a specific field of the animal science. It is intended to constantly update animal scientists, industry representatives, animal breeders and extension service personnel with all the aspects considered relevant in each specific field of animal science. The book offers an updated and complete picture of the animal industry and of livestock science worldwide. We maintain the book's successful four section structure for easy access to the information. The first section of the book deals with livestock industry and possible application of research developments in the various continents. The following section reports updates about development of research in the various disciplines in the entire animal science field. The third section contains interesting articles on 'free subjects', of broad interest. We were told by readers of the previous volumes that this is the most popular section for the variety of actual and interesting topics for readers. The final section shows, like every year, detailed statistics of extraordinary importance in the animal industry. This book is generally recognized as one of the very few practical resources of comprehensive statistical information related to animal industry and it is considered by most important libraries to be a key instrument to offer their readers high-quality, updated relevant information on global animal science developments.
Download or read book Feedlot Cattle Nutrition and Metabolism written by Danilo Domingues Millen and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-07-31 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing demand for high-quality beef has led to the necessity of including higher levels of cereal grains and its by-products into cattle diets. In this context, adequate nutrition of beef cattle involves knowledge of energy and nutrient requirements to define specific nutritional strategy. The evolution feeding strategies to feedlot cattle depends on advances related to ruminant metabolism, as well as to the ruminal microbiota. Furthermore, a continuous flow of knowledge development in feedlot cattle nutrition and metabolism is important, as new feeds, additives, or even new management approaches come up very often, and new scenarios will impact protein and energy metabolism, the ruminal microbiota, and also strategies to modulate ruminal fermentation to improve health and performance of feedlot cattle. Overall, the main goal of this Research Topic is to contribute with recent advances in feedlot cattle nutrition and metabolism, addressing studies related to the nutrition of high-performing ruminants, with a special emphasis on the feed efficiency, ruminal fermentation and animal performance. Furthermore, we are interested in different aspects of sustainability and efficiency. In other words, the goal is to attract studies that address such issues, both from a general perspective and in relation to specific domains. Hence, the integration of existing and current knowledge will help refine strategies to optimize the performance of feedlot cattle.
Download or read book Effects of Prepartum Dam Energy Source on Progeny Growth Glucose Tolerance and Carcass Composition in Beef and Sheep written by Amy E. Radunz and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: A series of experiments were conducted in cattle and sheep to investigate the effects of prepartum dietary energy source during gestation on progeny growth, glucose tolerance, and carcass composition. The three dietary energy sources fed to dams at isoenergetic intakes were used for the experiments; hay or haylage (fiber, HAY); corn (starch, CORN); or dried distiller grains (fiber plus fat, DDGS). In the first experiment beef cows were used to determine the effects of late gestation dietary energy source on fetal growth and maternal nutrient supply. Cows fed HAY and CORN achieved the experimental objective of having similar body weight and body condition score change during late gestation, however, cows fed DDGS had greater body weight gain. Calves from cows fed CORN and DDGS had heavier birth weights than calves from cows fed HAY. Differences in progeny birth weight were still evident upon entry into the feedlot, as body weights were heavier for calves from cows fed CORN and DDGS than from those fed HAY. In contrast to arrival at the feedlot, carcass weights were lighter for calves from cows fed DDGS verses CORN or HAY. Growth rate was not different among treatments from birth to slaughter, but calves from dams fed CORN were slaughtered at a younger age than calves from cows fed HAY or DDGS. Measures of carcass yield were not affected by treatment, whereas intramuscular fat was greater in calves from dams fed DDGS or HAY than from those fed CORN. In addition, initial insulin secretion in response to a glucose tolerance test was greater in calves from dams fed HAY than calves from dams fed CORN or DDGS. In the second experiment, mature ewes were fed three dietary treatments in mid- to late-gestation similar to the first experiment. During mid-gestation ewe body weight gain and body condition score were similar among treatments and met the experimental objective. Lamb birth weights tended to be greater in lambs from ewes fed CORN and DDGS than in lambs from ewes fed HAY. Increased glucose and amino acid supply, as indicated by maternal metabolic status, could explain the increase in birth weight in lambs from ewes fed DDGS and CORN compared with that of lambs from ewes fed HAY. Overall growth rate from birth to slaughter was not different among treatments. Lambs from ewes fed DDGS vs. lambs from ewes fed CORN or HAY tended to have a greater initial insulin secretion due to glucose infusion in the glucose tolerance test. No difference was detected in HCW, fat thickness, proportion of seam fat, or intramuscular fat content among treatments. However, lambs from ewes fed DDGS vs. lambs from ewes fed CORN or HAY had a greater proportion of internal fat, less muscle, and lower calculated boneless trimmed retail cut percentage. In all experiments, prepartum energy source did not adversely affect postpartum cow or ewe performance. Together these results suggest prepartum energy sources, which may increase maternal glucose and amino acid supply to the fetus, impact fetal growth and alter postnatal insulin sensitivity and adipose tissue development.
Download or read book Role of Dietary Carbohydrate Source in the Development of Obesity in Rodent Models of Diet induced Obesity written by Kristin Lynnet Morris and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book In Vitro Studies of Human Skeletal Muscle written by Juleen R. Zierath and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Feed efficiency in swine written by John F. Patience and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-15 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Feed efficiency in swine' has been prepared as a comprehensive treatise on the current state of our understanding of this topic which is so important to the pork industry. Each chapter is written by international authorities who understand both the science and application of their topic area. The book provides detailed insight into the many factors affecting feed efficiency, ranging from diet processing to herd health, from nutrition to physiology and from day-to-day barn management to the adoption of advanced technologies. The authors explain such practical aspects as the challenge of interpreting feed efficiency information obtained on farm or the role of liquid feeding. The authors also delve into more scientific topics such as amino acid or energy metabolism or animal physiology. This book is written for people who have a technical interest in pork production, including nutritionists, geneticists, farm management specialists, veterinarians, other academics and, of course, pork producers.
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Laboratory Animals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-02-01 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the years since the third edition of this indispensable reference was published, a great deal has been learned about the nutritional requirements of common laboratory species: rat, mouse, guinea pig, hamster, gerbil, and vole. The Fourth Revised Edition presents the current expert understanding of the lipid, carbohydrate, protein, mineral, vitamin, and other nutritional needs of these animals. The extensive use of tables provides easy access to a wealth of comprehensive data and resource information. The volume also provides an expanded background discussion of general dietary considerations. In addition to a more user-friendly organization, new features in this edition include: A significantly expanded section on dietary requirements for rats, reporting substantial new findings. A new section on nutrients that are not required but that may produce beneficial results. New information on growth and reproductive performance among the most commonly used strains of rats and mice and on several hamster species. An expanded discussion of diet formulation and preparationâ€"including sample diets of both purified and natural ingredients. New information on mineral deficiency and toxicity, including warning signs. This authoritative resource will be important to researchers, laboratory technicians, and manufacturers of laboratory animal feed.
Download or read book Food Proteins and Peptides Emerging Biofunctions Food and Biomaterial Applications written by Chibuike C. Udenigwe and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2021-06-09 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the chemistry of food proteins and peptides and their relationship with nutritional, functional, and health applications. Bringing together authorities in the field, it provides a comprehensive discussion focused on fundamental chemistries and mechanisms underpinning the structure-function relationships of food proteins and peptides. The functional and bioactive properties hinge on their structural features such as amino acid sequence, molecular size, hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, and net charges. The book includes coverage of advances in the nutritional and health applications of protein and peptide modifications; novel applications of food proteins and peptides in the development of edible functional biomaterials; advances in the use of proteomics and peptidomics for food proteins and peptide analysis (foodomics); and the relevance of food protein and peptide chemistries in policy and regulation. Research into the fundamental chemistries behind the functional, health and nutritional benefits is burgeoning and has gained the interest of scientists, the industry, regulatory agencies, and consumers. This book fills the knowledge gap providing an excellent source of information for researchers, instructors, students, food and nutrition industry, and policy makers.
Download or read book Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition written by Mario Luiz Chizzotti and published by Brill Wageningen Academic. This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Variations in feeding frequency may lead to difference in utilization of dietary nutrients. The effects of feeding frequency have been tested in growing pigs and finishing pigs using respiratory quotient and postprandial kinetics of plasma metabolites. A reduced feeding frequency resulted in an increased lipogenesis and proteolysis shortly after the meal both in growing and finishing pigs. Nevertheless, growing and finishing pigs exhibit different metabolic pathways when feeding frequency is reduced.
Download or read book Metabolic Modifiers written by National Research Council and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade, animal scientists have learned that administering recombinantly derived somatotropin (growth hormone) to cows improves milk production and that giving beta-adrenergic agonists to meat animals improves productivity and leanness. In order for these metabolic modifiers to yield benefits, however, sound management of the animals' nutrition is necessary. This volume reports on how these substances work in the animals' metabolism, what effects they might have on nutrient requirements of domestic livestock, and what information should be developed further by investigators. The book explores the current understanding of the biology, structure, mechanisms of action, and treatment effects of somatotropin, beta-adrenergic agonists, and anabolic steroids. A companion volume to the Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals series, this authoritative volume will be required reading for animal scientists, researchers, veterinarians, livestock farmers, and faculty and students in university animal veterinary science programs.
Download or read book Research Awards Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 826 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Journal of Animal Science written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism written by Graham C. Burdge and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-05-04 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism explores a number of major roles of PUFA in the body, including its role as a component of cell membranes and how it provides substrates for the synthesis of lipid second messengers. Recent studies are unraveling the effect of interactions between diet and endocrine factors and genetic and epigenetic variation on the regulation of PUFA biosynthesis in animals. Together, these recent findings provide novel insights into the impact of differences in PUFA supply on health. This book captures these findings in a manner that marks the state-of-the-art, placing them in the wider context of PUFA metabolism and nutritional science. Users will find a comprehensive discussion on the topic that presents the contributions of leading researchers who combine their knowledge to create a cohesive academic resource for researchers, those involved in production, and health policymakers. Provides a comprehensive view of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism Describes underlying metabolism on lipids that include polyunsaturated fatty acids Includes discussions on recent findings on the genetic and epigenetic regulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism
Download or read book Feed Efficiency in the Beef Industry written by Rodney A. Hill and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-09-11 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Feed Efficiency in the Beef Industry provides a thorough and concise overview of feed efficiency in beef cattle. It frames the great importance of feed efficiency to the industry and details the latest findings of the many scientific disciplines that intersect and aim to improve efficient and sustainable production of nutritious beef. The vast majority of production costs are directly tied to feed. With increased demand for grains to feed a rapidly increasing world population and to supply a new demand for alternative fuels, feed costs continue to increase. In recent years, the negative environmental impacts of inefficient feeding have also been realized; as such feed efficiency is an important factor in both economic viability and environmental sustainability of cattle production. Feed Efficiency in the Beef Industry covers a broad range of topics ranging from economic evaluation of feed efficiency to the physiological and genetic bases of efficient conversion of feed to high quality beef. Chapters also look at how a fuller understanding of feed efficiency is leading to new selective breeding efforts to develop more efficient cattle. With wide-ranging coverage from leading international researchers, Feed Efficiency will be a valuable resource for producers who wish to understand the complexities, challenges, and opportunities to reduce their cost of production, for students studying the topic and for researchers and professionals working in the beef industry.
Download or read book Fat Detection written by Jean-Pierre Montmayeur and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-09-14 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the State-of-the-Art in Fat Taste TransductionA bite of cheese, a few potato chips, a delectable piece of bacon - a small taste of high-fat foods often draws you back for more. But why are fatty foods so appealing? Why do we crave them? Fat Detection: Taste, Texture, and Post Ingestive Effects covers the many factors responsible for the se
