Download or read book Influence of Adaptation on Single Neuron and Population Coding in Mouse Primary Visual Cortex written by Rachel Elizabeth Houlton and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Influence of Adaptation on Single Neuron and Population Coding in Mouse Primary Visual Cortex written by R. E. Houlton and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fitting the Mind to the World written by Colin W. G. Clifford and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-05-05 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book brings together a collection of studies from international researchers who demonstrate the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt its representation of the visual world in response to changes in its environment."--BOOK JACKET.
Download or read book Inhibitory Synaptic Plasticity written by Melanie A. Woodin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-02 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume will explore the most recent findings on cellular mechanisms of inhibitory plasticity and its functional role in shaping neuronal circuits, their rewiring in response to experience, drug addiction and in neuropathology. Inhibitory Synaptic Plasticity will be of particular interest to neuroscientists and neurophysiologists.
Download or read book Spatiotemporal Tuning and Contrast Adaptation in Mouse Primary Visual Cortex written by Emily Elizabeth LeDue and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Mice have emerged as a popular model of cortical visual processing due to their genetic manipulability. Compared to traditional animal models of visual processing there is less research describing the visual system of mice. Before we can use the genetic techniques available in mice, we must examine the similarity between their visual processing, and that of common animal models used in vision research. One useful method to characterize the way information about form and motion is processed is to examine the interaction between selectivity for spatial and temporal frequency of sine-wave gratings in a given visual area. In experiment 1, we investigated spatiotemporal tuning in neurons of mouse primary visual cortex (V1). Tuning for stimulus speed can readily be extracted from the spatiotemporal profile of a neuron, and we were interested in whether recently described differences in the degree of speed tuning in mouse V1 and macaque V1 were due to methodology. We confirm that speed tuning is rare in mouse V1, demonstrating a difference between motion processing in the striate cortex of mice and macaques. In experiment 2, we examined the spatiotemporal dependence of contrast adaptation in mouse V1 neurons. Little is known about the underlying cellular mechanisms of contrast adaptation, so the mouse provides an attractive model in which to study this phenomenon. We characterized the spatial and temporal frequency dependence of contrast adaptation in mouse V1 neurons simultaneously using a dynamic contrast ramp. We found that for most mouse V1 neurons there was often a difference between the grating that elicited maximal firing, and the grating where adaptation was most pronounced, such that adaptation was usually stronger at higher spatial frequencies.
Download or read book Neuronal Dynamics written by Wulfram Gerstner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-24 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This solid introduction uses the principles of physics and the tools of mathematics to approach fundamental questions of neuroscience.
Download or read book Theoretical Neuroscience written by Peter Dayan and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2005-08-12 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theoretical neuroscience provides a quantitative basis for describing what nervous systems do, determining how they function, and uncovering the general principles by which they operate. This text introduces the basic mathematical and computational methods of theoretical neuroscience and presents applications in a variety of areas including vision, sensory-motor integration, development, learning, and memory. The book is divided into three parts. Part I discusses the relationship between sensory stimuli and neural responses, focusing on the representation of information by the spiking activity of neurons. Part II discusses the modeling of neurons and neural circuits on the basis of cellular and synaptic biophysics. Part III analyzes the role of plasticity in development and learning. An appendix covers the mathematical methods used, and exercises are available on the book's Web site.
Download or read book The Auditory Cortex written by Jeffery A. Winer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-12-02 with total page 711 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been substantial progress in understanding the contributions of the auditory forebrain to hearing, sound localization, communication, emotive behavior, and cognition. The Auditory Cortex covers the latest knowledge about the auditory forebrain, including the auditory cortex as well as the medial geniculate body in the thalamus. This book will cover all important aspects of the auditory forebrain organization and function, integrating the auditory thalamus and cortex into a smooth, coherent whole. Volume One covers basic auditory neuroscience. It complements The Auditory Cortex, Volume 2: Integrative Neuroscience, which takes a more applied/clinical perspective.
Download or read book Dynamic Neural Coding written by Sameer Saproo and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Visual attention facilitates faster and more accurate decision-making for behaviorally relevant stimuli. To understand the computational mechanism underlying attention, I investigated the impact of attention on population codes in early visual cortex. First, I lay the theoretical foundation of this investigation, whereby the known neuromodulatory activity of attention is examined within the context of information theory to propose a framework termed `Dynamic Neural Coding'. The framework suggests that attention dynamically alters neural codes used to represent basic stimulus features so that behaviorally relevant stimuli are represented and communicated by population responses with higher fidelity than irrelevant stimuli. The framework also suggests that attention and adaptation might jointly mediate neural codes to achieve metabolically efficient sensory information processing. The framework is supported by two experimental studies that use a combination of visual psychophysics, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), computational modeling, and information-theoretic data analysis, to show how attention modulates population codes to impact information processing. The first experiment reveals that attention increases the quality of sensory representations - measured by an increase in mutual information between population response and stimuli - as early as primary visual cortex. This increase in sensory representation is largely driven by multiplicative scaling of tuning function that forms the population code. According to dynamic neural coding framework, attention-induced improvement in population codes in upstream areas should also improve the transmission of encoded information to downstream areas. The second experiment tested this hypothesis, and found that attention improved the efficacy of communication between two cortical areas - V1 and MT - that interact with during motion processing. Furthermore, a simulation of the inter-cortical interaction between V1 and MT using a computational model reveals that attention-modulations in V1 dictate the fidelity of representations in MT as well as the synchrony between the two areas.
Download or read book The New Visual Neurosciences written by John S. Werner and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2013-10-25 with total page 1693 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive review of contemporary research in the vision sciences, reflecting the rapid advances of recent years. Visual science is the model system for neuroscience, its findings relevant to all other areas. This essential reference to contemporary visual neuroscience covers the extraordinary range of the field today, from molecules and cell assemblies to systems and therapies. It provides a state-of-the art companion to the earlier book The Visual Neurosciences (MIT Press, 2003). This volume covers the dramatic advances made in the last decade, offering new topics, new authors, and new chapters. The New Visual Neurosciences assembles groundbreaking research, written by international authorities. Many of the 112 chapters treat seminal topics not included in the earlier book. These new topics include retinal feature detection; cortical connectomics; new approaches to mid-level vision and spatiotemporal perception; the latest understanding of how multimodal integration contributes to visual perception; new theoretical work on the role of neural oscillations in information processing; and new molecular and genetic techniques for understanding visual system development. An entirely new section covers invertebrate vision, reflecting the importance of this research in understanding fundamental principles of visual processing. Another new section treats translational visual neuroscience, covering recent progress in novel treatment modalities for optic nerve disorders, macular degeneration, and retinal cell replacement. The New Visual Neurosciences is an indispensable reference for students, teachers, researchers, clinicians, and anyone interested in contemporary neuroscience. Associate Editors Marie Burns, Joy Geng, Mark Goldman, James Handa, Andrew Ishida, George R. Mangun, Kimberley McAllister, Bruno Olshausen, Gregg Recanzone, Mandyam Srinivasan, W.Martin Usrey, Michael Webster, David Whitney Sections Retinal Mechanisms and Processes Organization of Visual Pathways Subcortical Processing Processing in Primary Visual Cortex Brightness and Color Pattern, Surface, and Shape Objects and Scenes Time, Motion, and Depth Eye Movements Cortical Mechanisms of Attention, Cognition, and Multimodal Integration Invertebrate Vision Theoretical Perspectives Molecular and Developmental Processes Translational Visual Neuroscience
Download or read book Development of the Visual System written by Retina Research Foundation (U.S.). Symposium and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development of the Visual System presents a selection of current studies that clearly illustrate principles of visual system development. These range from retinal development in fish and frogs to the effects of abnormal visual experience on the primary visual cortex of the cat. The book is unique in addressing four specific and fundamental aspects of development: cell lineage and cell fate, specificity and targeting of axons, specification of visual cortex, and correlates of the critical period. Encompassing technical advances in cellular and molecular biology and in video imaging and microscopy, contributions in each of these areas provide new information at the cellular and molecular levels to complement the now classic descriptions of visual development previously available at the level of neural systems.ContributorsKaren L. Allendoerfer, David M. Altshuler, Antonella Antonini, Seymour Benzer, Edward M. Callaway, Constance L. Cepko, Hollis T. Cline, Max S. Cynader, N. W. Daw, Scott E. Fraser, K. Fox, Eckhard Friauf, Anirvan Ghosh, R. W. Guillery, William A. Harris, Christine E. Holt, Lawrence C. Katz, Susan McConnell, Pamela A. Raymond, Thomas A. Reh, Carla J. Shatz, Michael P. Stryker, Claudia A. 0. Stuermer, Mriganka Sur, David L. Turner, T. N. Wiesel
Download or read book Shape Contour and Grouping in Computer Vision written by David A. Forsyth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999-11-03 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computer vision has been successful in several important applications recently. Vision techniques can now be used to build very good models of buildings from pictures quickly and easily, to overlay operation planning data on a neuros- geon’s view of a patient, and to recognise some of the gestures a user makes to a computer. Object recognition remains a very di cult problem, however. The key questions to understand in recognition seem to be: (1) how objects should be represented and (2) how to manage the line of reasoning that stretches from image data to object identity. An important part of the process of recognition { perhaps, almost all of it { involves assembling bits of image information into helpful groups. There is a wide variety of possible criteria by which these groups could be established { a set of edge points that has a symmetry could be one useful group; others might be a collection of pixels shaded in a particular way, or a set of pixels with coherent colour or texture. Discussing this process of grouping requires a detailed understanding of the relationship between what is seen in the image and what is actually out there in the world.
Download or read book Behavioral Neuroscience of Learning and Memory written by Robert E. Clark and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-27 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ‘Behavioral Neuroscience of Learning and Memory’ brings together the opinions and expertise of some of the world’s foremost neuroscientists in the field of learning and memory research. The volume provides a broad coverage of contemporary research and thinking in this field, focusing both on well established topics such as the medial temporal lobe memory system, as well as emerging areas of research such as the role of memory in decision making and the mechanisms of perceptual learning. Key intersecting themes include the molecular and cellular mechanisms of memory formation, the multiplicity of memory systems in the brain, and the way in which technological innovation is driving discovery. Unusually for a volume of this kind, this volume brings together research from both humans and animals—often relatively separate areas of discourse—to give a more comprehensive and integrated view of the field. The book will be of interest to both established researchers who wish to broaden their knowledge of topics outside of their specific areas of expertise, and for students who need a resource to help them make sense of the vast scientific literature on this subject.
Download or read book TRP Ion Channel Function in Sensory Transduction and Cellular Signaling Cascades written by Wolfgang B. Liedtke, MD, PH.D. and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-09-29 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the first TRP ion channel was discovered in Drosophila melanogaster in 1989, the progress made in this area of signaling research has yielded findings that offer the potential to dramatically impact human health and wellness. Involved in gateway activity for all five of our senses, TRP channels have been shown to respond to a wide range of st
Download or read book The Visual Brain in Action written by David Milner and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-10-12 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1995, this book presents a model for understanding the visual processing underlying perception and action, proposing a broad distinction within the brain between two kinds of vision: conscious perception and unconscious 'online' vision.
Download or read book Spiking Neuron Models written by Wulfram Gerstner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-08-15 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neurons in the brain communicate by short electrical pulses, the so-called action potentials or spikes. How can we understand the process of spike generation? How can we understand information transmission by neurons? What happens if thousands of neurons are coupled together in a seemingly random network? How does the network connectivity determine the activity patterns? And, vice versa, how does the spike activity influence the connectivity pattern? These questions are addressed in this 2002 introduction to spiking neurons aimed at those taking courses in computational neuroscience, theoretical biology, biophysics, or neural networks. The approach will suit students of physics, mathematics, or computer science; it will also be useful for biologists who are interested in mathematical modelling. The text is enhanced by many worked examples and illustrations. There are no mathematical prerequisites beyond what the audience would meet as undergraduates: more advanced techniques are introduced in an elementary, concrete fashion when needed.
Download or read book The Motion Aftereffect written by George Mather and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Motion perception lies at the heart of the scientific study of vision. The motion aftereffect (MAE) is the appearance of directional movement in a stationary object or scene after the viewer has been exposed to viusal motion in the opposite direction. For example, after one has looked at a waterfall for a period of time, the scene beside the waterfall may appear to move upward when one's gaze is transfered to it. Although the phenomenon seems simple, research has revealed copmlexities in the underlying mechanisms, and offered general lessons about how the brain processes visual information. In the 1990s alone, more than 200 papers have been published on MAE, largely inspired by improved techniques for examining brain electrophysiology and by emerging new theories of motion perception.
