Download or read book Inflation and the Distribution of Price Changes written by Michael F. Bryan and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Its higher order moments, and in particular, its third moment the skewness of the price change distribution. Evidence on correlations between inflation and its moments goesback over thirty years, and was first used to reject the independence of relative price changes and inflation that is assumed in neo- classical models. More recently, New Keynesian macroeconomists have shown that the strong positive correlation between inflation and the skewness of the price change distribution is consistent with menu-cost models of price setting behavior. This is a fairly controversial result, prompting other researchers to demonstrate that the same correlation can be found in a multi- sector, flexible-price (real business cycle) model. We examine the small-sample properties of the main empirical finding on which this work is based: the positive correlation between the sample mean and sample skewness of price change distributions. Our results show that this particular statistic suffers from a large positive small-sample bias, and demonstrate that the entirety of the observed correlation can be explained by this bias. To the extent that we find any relationship at all, it is that the correlation is negative. In other words, we establish that one of the most accepted stylized facts in the literature on aggregate price behavior, that inflation and the skewness of the price change distribution are positively linked, need not be a fact at all

Download or read book Inflation and the Skewness of the Distribution of Relative Price Changes written by Jörg Döpke and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Underlying Inflation and the Distribution of Price Changes Evidence from the Japanese Trimmed Mean CPI written by Hitoshi Mio and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Distributional Implications of the Impact of Fuel Price Increases on Inflation written by Mr. Kangni R Kpodar and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-11-12 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the response of consumer price inflation to changes in domestic fuel prices, looking at the different categories of the overall consumer price index (CPI). We then combine household survey data with the CPI components to construct a CPI index for the poorest and richest income quintiles with the view to assess the distributional impact of the pass-through. To undertake this analysis, the paper provides an update to the Global Monthly Retail Fuel Price Database, expanding the product coverage to premium and regular fuels, the time dimension to December 2020, and the sample to 190 countries. Three key findings stand out. First, the response of inflation to gasoline price shocks is smaller, but more persistent and broad-based in developing economies than in advanced economies. Second, we show that past studies using crude oil prices instead of retail fuel prices to estimate the pass-through to inflation significantly underestimate it. Third, while the purchasing power of all households declines as fuel prices increase, the distributional impact is progressive. But the progressivity phases out within 6 months after the shock in advanced economies, whereas it persists beyond a year in developing countries.

Download or read book Inflation Expectations written by Peter J. N. Sinclair and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-12-16 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inflation is regarded by the many as a menace that damages business and can only make life worse for households. Keeping it low depends critically on ensuring that firms and workers expect it to be low. So expectations of inflation are a key influence on national economic welfare. This collection pulls together a galaxy of world experts (including Roy Batchelor, Richard Curtin and Staffan Linden) on inflation expectations to debate different aspects of the issues involved. The main focus of the volume is on likely inflation developments. A number of factors have led practitioners and academic observers of monetary policy to place increasing emphasis recently on inflation expectations. One is the spread of inflation targeting, invented in New Zealand over 15 years ago, but now encompassing many important economies including Brazil, Canada, Israel and Great Britain. Even more significantly, the European Central Bank, the Bank of Japan and the United States Federal Bank are the leading members of another group of monetary institutions all considering or implementing moves in the same direction. A second is the large reduction in actual inflation that has been observed in most countries over the past decade or so. These considerations underscore the critical – and largely underrecognized - importance of inflation expectations. They emphasize the importance of the issues, and the great need for a volume that offers a clear, systematic treatment of them. This book, under the steely editorship of Peter Sinclair, should prove very important for policy makers and monetary economists alike.

Download or read book Relative Prices Inflation and Core Inflation written by Scott Roger and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2000-03 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Central banks concerned with inflation performance almost invariably seek to distinguish between a generalized or persistent component of the measured aggregate rate of inflation-driven by demand pressures and expectations-and supply-driven, essentially transitory inflation developments associated with movements in relative prices. The more generalized, persistent element - usually described as core or underlying inflation - is regarded as a legitimate monetary policy concern, while the influence of specific relative price developments are generally regarded as transient distortions that should be largely ignored in forward-looking policy setting, as well as in backward-looking assessment of policy performance.

Download or read book Consumer Price Setting and Inflation written by Etienne Gagnon and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Price Expectations in Rising Inflation written by I. Visco and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-06-28 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is claimed in this book that expectations should not necessarily be treated as unobservable variables and that there is much to be learned from survey data. A unique data set is examined, the output of surveys conducted twice a year since 1952, among informed Italian businessmen and economic experts. The predictive accuracy, rationality and determinants of inflation expectations are investigated, following an extensive analysis of measurement issues.The estimate of inflation expectations are evaluated for both wholesale and consumer price changes, comparing them with those held by respondents to other surveys for different countries and with the forecasts generated by alternative predictors of the inflation process. The expectations considered in the study are shown to be remarkably accurate, anticipating all major price changes, even if during the years of high and rising inflation which have followed the first oil crisis they appear to underestimate on a number of occasions the inflation rates actually experienced, as the alternative predictors also do.An accurate testing of the rational expectations hypothesis is conducted, rejecting it over the entire sample period but not for the period of mild, but variable inflation which preceded the first oil crises.It is shown that a mixed adaptive-regressive model, with both error-learning and return-to-normality components adapts very well to the data considered in this study and that inflation expectations are also influenced by an uncertainty component which affects the adaptive coefficient. Furthermore, regression towards normality is slowed down when industrial capacity is utilized above normal, and vice-versa. Many other issues such as the dispersion of individual answers, the problems of aggregation and measurement error are also considered and an extensive bibliography of other works where use is made of direct information on expectations, is included.

Download or read book Inflation and Skewness of Relative Price Changes written by Sartaj Rasool Rather and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It widely believed that the rate of inflation in the long run is determined by growth rate of money supply. However, the short run dynamics of inflation is more complicated in nature. The past experience of inflation dynamics shows that the rate of inflation fluctuates around its underlying trend in the short-run. In literature these short-run fluctuations in rate of inflation are mainly attributed to changes in relative prices of certain commodities due to supply shocks. In this context, examining the effects these shocks on the distribution of price changes has gained importance so as to understand these transitory deviations in inflation. In this backdrop, this book examines whether variations in skewness of distribution of relative price changes influence the aggregate inflation.The empirical analysis is carried out by using commodity wise Wholesale Price Index data from India. Further various theoretical paradigms underlying this relationship are also discussed.

Download or read book Price Control and Inflation written by Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America. Economic Research Department and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Relationship Between Price Dispersion and Inflation written by David Fielding and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Optimal Pricing Inflation and the Cost of Price Adjustment written by Eytan Sheshinski and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These collected articles constitute what is perhaps the definitive study of pricing models under inflation, providing a solid basis for further research on this elusive question. What are the real effects of inflation? These collected articles constitute what is perhaps the definitive study of pricing models under inflation, providing a solid basis for further research on this elusive question. Covering a broad range of theory and applications by well-known microeconomists, the eighteen contributions evaluate the effects of inflation on aggregate output and on welfare and reveal the scope of recent efforts to explicitly incorporate frictions in economic models. A basic building block common to most of the essays in this volume is the observation that individual firms change nominal prices intermittently. The frequency and size of nominal price changes are influenced by the cost of price adjustment and changes in the economic environment, production costs, market demand, market structure, and most important, inflation. Thus the degree of nominal rigidity is influenced by the economic environment, and in a dynamic context. Two introductory essays survey the empirical studies of pricing policies by individual firms and the theoretical efforts to integrate the nominal rigidities at the micro level into macro relationships. The essays that follow treat the general problem of optimal dynamic adjustment in the presence of convex costs of adjustment, include applications of the inventory models to the case of nominal price adjustment by an individual firm, address the question of aggregation, introduce active search by consumers, and provide empirical analysis of nominal price rigidities.

Download or read book The Economics of Inflation written by Samuel A. Morley and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theories of inflation; Inflation: measurement and costs; Inflation and the labor market; Inflation and the distribution of income; Inflation and the goods market.

Download or read book Price Setting During Low and High Inflation written by Etienne Gagnon and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides new insight into the relationship between inflation and consumer price setting by examining a large data set of Mexican consumer prices covering episodes of both low and high inflation, as well as the transition between the two. Overall, the economy shares several characteristics with time-dependent models when the annual inflation rate is low (below 10-15%), while displaying strong state dependence when inflation is high (above 10-15%). At low inflation levels, the aggregate frequency of price changes responds little to movements in inflation because movements in the frequency of price decreases partly offset movements in the frequency of price increases. When the annual inflation rate rises beyond 10-15 percent, however, there are no longer enough price decreases to counterbalance the rising occurrence of price increases, making the frequency of price changes more responsive to inflation. It is shown that a simple menu-cost model with idiosyncratic technology shocks predicts remarkably well the level of the average frequency and magnitude of price changes over a wide range of inflation.

Download or read book Worldwide Inflation written by Lawrence B. Krause and published by Washington : Brookings Institute. This book was released on 1977 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conference report on the current state of knowledge with regard to the economics and dynamics of inflation - comprises a comparison of recent experience in 8 capitalist economies, relating economic policies to price trends, income distribution, trade, economic relations and monetary relations, etc., and suggests an international approach for future economic research. Graphs, references and statistical tables. Conference held in Washington 1974 November.

Download or read book Inflation and Income Distribution in Capitalist Crisis written by J.A. Kregel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-06 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of essays based on the theories of Sidney Weintraub, economic theorist and policy-maker. They all touch on the main theme of crucial importance he accorded to inflation and income distribution in understanding the process of development of capitalism.

Download or read book Inflation Dynamics the Cross Sectional Distribution of Prices in the E U Periphery written by Constantina Kottaridi and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We explore the connection between inflation and its higher-order moments for three economies in the periphery of the European Union (E.U.), Greece, Portugal and Spain. Motivated by a micro-founded model of inflation determination, along the lines of the hybrid New Keynesian Phillips curve, we examine whether and how much does the cross-sectional skewness in producer prices affect the path of inflation. We develop our analysis with the perspective of economic integration/inflation harmonization (in the E.U.) and discuss the peculiarities of these three economies. We find evidence of a strong positive relation between aggregate inflation and the distribution of relative-price changes for all three countries. A potentially important implication of our results is that, if the cross-sectional skewness of prices is directly related to aggregate inflation, not only the direction but also the magnitude of a nominal shock would influence output and inflation dynamics. Moreover, the effect of such a shock could be received asymmetrically, even when countries share a common currency.